車輛形成車隊(Vehicle Platooning)對駕駛和車輛運輸都有益處。因為在車隊中的所有追隨者(followers)於行進時可以享有休息的好處，從而減輕他們的工作量；除此之外，不僅減少燃料消耗(fuel consumption)，還可以縮短車輛與車輛之間的間距，從而提高運輸效率。在這篇論文中，討論加入車隊的車輛與賽局理論(Game Theory)相關的收益(payoff)。我們重點討論車輛形成車隊行駛於高速公路，論文通過數值分析計算了車輛在不同交通強度(traffic intensities)下在高速公路上行駛時所能獲得的平均收益。然後，這些結果可以與其他因素（例如到達目的地的緊急程度）相結合，供駕駛決定是否加入車隊。

Vehicle Platooning is beneficial for both drivers and transportation of vehicles. It is because drivers can enjoy resting during the trip for all of the followers in a platoon, thereby saving their workloads; in addition, not only fuel consumption but spacing between vehicles can be reduced, thereby enhancing transportation efficiency. In this thesis, the payoff related to the game theory is discussed for a vehicle joining a platoon. In particular, we focus on platooning for vehicles traveling on a highway. Numerical analysis is performed in the thesis to calculate the mean payoff that a vehicle can receive when traveling on a highway under various traffic intensities. The results can then be used for drivers to decide whether to join a platoon by combining other factors such as urgency to get to the destination.

[1]智慧型運輸系統ITS簡介 https://www.freeway.gov.tw/Publish.aspx?cnid=1556

[2]Vehicular ad-hoc network https://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/车辆自组网.

[3]A. Aslam, F. Santos, and L. Almeida, “Reconfiguring TDMA Communications for Dynamic Formation of Vehicle Platoons,” IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA),pp.1713–1714,Oct.2020.

[4]J. Calvo and R. Mathar, “Connected Vehicles Coordination:A Coalitional Game-Theory Approach,” 2018 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC),pp.,June.2018.

[5]A. Johansson and J. M°artensson, “Game Theoretic Models for Profit-Sharing in Multi-fleet Platoons,” 2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC),pp.341–344, Oct.2019.

[6]A. Johansson, E. Nekouei, K. Henrik-Johansson and J. M°artensson, “Multi-Fleet Platoon Matching:A Game-Theoretic Approach,” 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) Maui, Hawaii, USA, November 4-7, 2018.

[7]H. Wei, L. Mashayekhy, and J. Papineau, “Intersection Management for Connected Autonomous Vehicles: A Game Theoretic Framework,” 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC),pp., November 4-7, 2018.

[8]A. Ji, and D. Levinson, “Estimating the Social Gap With a Game Theory Model of Lane Changing,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, VOL. 22, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2021.

[9]賽局理論是什麼？ https://veracityconsultant.com.tw/what-is-game-theory/

[10]Game Theory Applications in Network Design https://slideplayer.com/slide/14955687/

[11]黑盒模型事後歸因解析：SHAP方法 https://developer.aliyun.com/article/760042

[12]A. McEachern and D. Ashlock, Game Theory: A Classical Introduction, Mathematical Games, and the Tournament. Morgan & Claypool, June 15, 2017.

[13]羅吉斯迴歸分析(Logistic regression, logit model)-統計說明與SPSS操作 https://www.yongxi-stat.com/logistic-regression/

[14]機率分布https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhtw/%E6%A6%82%E7%8E%87%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83#%E5%9D%87%E5%8C%80%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83

[15]均勻分布 https://baike.baidu.hk/item/%E5%9D%87%E5%8B%BB%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88/954451

[16]工程統計 第八章 工程應用之重要機率分配 http://140.116.77.14/mate/lab2/Course/962sta/ch8_1.pdf

[17]二項式分布 https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%BA%8C%E9%A0%85%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83

[18]幾何分布 https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhtw/%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88

[19]行駛在高速公路上 https://www.freeway.gov.tw/Print.aspx?cnid=1688&p=2650