本研究目的為希望藉由前瞻性之研究設計追蹤收集並評估母親懷孕期的飲食狀況，以了解台灣地區母親懷孕期間的飲食狀況和社經教育背景對新生兒體型（出生體重、出生身長和出生頭圍）的影響。本研究在民國91年10至11月中招募台北市立婦幼醫院懷孕20週以內的健康婦女參與研究。並利用電話和面對面訪談的方式收集研究相關資料，包括孕婦基本資料及飲食相關問卷(健康狀況家庭生活及個人飲食頻率問卷、一週飲食及活動頻率問卷、三天飲食紀錄本、24小時飲食回憶)、測量身體測量值、新生兒健康狀況問卷，以及追蹤過程登記表。本研究將所收集的資料整理、編碼之後，利用電腦建檔形成資料庫，再以統計軟體SPSS 11.0版進行資料分析。統計分析方法包含有：次數分配與百分比、平均值與標準差、t 考驗、單因子變異數分析、斯皮爾曼等級相關、淨相關和多元迴歸分析。本研究共招募151位孕婦參加，平均年齡30.2歲，懷孕週數4-20週。至生產前共有11位孕婦中途退出，所以研究分析以140位孕婦和其新生兒的資料為主。孕婦未懷孕時平均體重53.4公斤，平均BMI值21.0公斤/公尺2，孕婦懷孕後期平均體重67.6公斤，平均體重總增加量為14.2公斤。新生兒平均出生週數38.7週，平均出生體重3166公克，平均出生身長49公分，平均出生頭圍34公分。利用24小時飲食回憶分析的孕婦懷孕三期熱量攝取分別為：1861大卡、1971大卡(比第一期增加110大卡)、2163大卡(比第二期增加192大卡)，三大營養素攝取百分比分別為：醣類52%、蛋白質15%、脂肪33%。分析資料發現，懷孕週數、孕期體重增加量和未懷孕BMI值與新生兒體型呈顯著正相關，但孕婦的年齡、教育年數、已有子女數、家庭總月收入、家庭社經背景和配偶教育年數則與新生兒體型沒有相關性存在。孕婦懷孕全期維生素B12的營養素密度與新生兒出生身長呈正相關(p＜0.05)，而維生素A、維生素C、葉酸、鉀和膳食纖維與新生兒出生身長呈負相關(p＜0.05)。孕婦懷孕全期維生素B1和鋅的營養素密度與新生兒出生體重呈正相關(p＜0.05)，而維生素A、維生素B2、維生素C、葉酸、鉀、鐵和膳食纖維與新生兒出生體重呈負相關(p＜0.05)。由多元迴歸模式可知，出生週數每增加1週新生兒的出生體重會增加106公克。新生兒出生體重與懷孕全期維生素C的營養素密度呈負相關(p＜0.05)，與懷孕全期鋅的營養素密度呈正相關(p＜0.05)。

The purposes of this study are to collect and evaluate mother’s dietary information during pregnancy and to examine the effects between maternal diet and newborn outcomes including weight, height, and head circumference. We recruited health pregnancy women less than 20 weeks from Taipei Municipal Women’s and Children’s Hospital. We collected data including mother’s general characteristics, dietary information, anthropometry assessment and newborn outcomes by face-to-face and telephone interview. The SPSS 11.0 software package was used for all statistical analyses. The study initially recruited 151 pregnant women to participate, there were 11 dropped out until delivery, therefore the final analyses included 140 women and their newborn. Before pregnancy, the subjects’ average age was 30.2 years old, weight was 53.4 kg, and BMI was 21.0 kg/m2, total gestational weight gain was 14.2 kg. Newborns’ average gestational age was 38.7 weeks, birth weight was 3166 g, height was 49 cm, and head circumference was 34 cm. By 24 hour recall the women’s three trimesters energy intake were 1861 Kcal, 1971 Kcal and 2163 Kcal, respectively. The percentage of energy was 52% of carbohydrate, 15% of protein and 33% of fat. We found gestational age, gestational weight gain and BMI before pregnancy were positively correlated with newborn outcomes (p＜0.05), but mother’s age, educational years, children’s number, family incomes, family social-economical status and father’s educational years had no correlation with newborn outcomes. During pregnancy, mother’s vitamin B12 nutrition density intakes was positively correlated with newborn height (p＜0.05), but vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, potassium and dietary fiber had negative correlations (p＜0.05). Mother’s nutrition density intakes including vitamin B1 and zinc were positively correlated with newborn weight (p＜0.05), but vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin C, folate, potassium, iron and dietary fiber had negative correlations (p＜0.05). In multiple regression analysis, the results show that when gestational age increases 1 week, newborn weight increases 106 g. Newborn weight was negatively correlated with gestational intakes of vitamin C density, and positively correlated with zinc density.

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