白血球在血管壁內皮細胞上的黏附與滾動是動脈粥狀硬化發生的初期現象，因此，血管內皮細胞分泌之黏著分子、趨化物質等在動脈粥狀硬化形成扮演重要的角色。本實驗室先前發現山苦瓜可降低巨噬細胞PGE2生成，及可減少apoE-/- mice動脈硬化之斑塊面積，本研究為了解苦瓜成分對人類主動脈內皮細胞（human aortic endothelial cells, HAECs）的影響，分別選取兩種品系之山苦瓜，以其乙酸乙酯萃取物（ethyl acetate extract, EAE）、皂化（saponifiable fraction, S）與不皂化（nonsaponifiable fraction, NS）成分與發炎細胞激素-腫瘤壞死因子TNF-α (2 ng/ml) 共同或單獨培養內皮細胞 12 小時，探討山苦瓜對黏著分子 (ICAM-1)、趨化物質 (MCP-1) 、與代表內皮細胞功能的一氧化氮 (NO) 分泌的影響，再與已知苦瓜所含有的純化學成分capric acid、conjugated linolenic acid (CLN)及PPARα ligands藥物fenofibrate相比較，探索苦瓜可能的有效成分。實驗結果發現，山苦瓜乙酸乙酯萃取物均能抑制內皮細胞ICAM-1、MCP-1表現，並減少U937黏附於內皮細胞（p＜0.05），但對NO生合成、eNOS之蛋白質與對酵素活化位置Ser1177沒有影響。山苦瓜皂化與不皂化萃取物皆可減少MCP-1表現（p＜0.05），但對ICAM-1及NO沒有影響，不皂化萃取物能顯著減少U937的黏附作用（p＜0.05）。CLN、capric aicd與fenofibrate可降低MCP-1分泌及單核球黏附作用（p＜0.05）。因此推測山苦瓜內含有效成分之一可能為CLN、capric aicd，且除了脂肪酸或脂肪酯化（TG）形式的有效成份之外，應還有其他改善發炎之特殊物質存在於不皂化物萃取物中，這些抗動脈硬化效果可能是透過PPARα調節。整體而言，本研究發現山苦瓜能降低由TNF-α誘導內皮細胞ICAM-1、MCP-1的表現，降低白血球黏結至內皮，此功能與動脈粥狀硬化的降低有關，且此功能並非由苦瓜的單一成分所提供。

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