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研究生: 古國宏
Guo-Hong Gu
論文名稱: 兩組不同等級標槍選手之生物力學分析
The Biomechanical Analysis of the Two Levels of Javelin Throwers
指導教授: 黃長福
Huang, Chen-Fu
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 體育學系
Department of Physical Education
論文出版年: 2006
畢業學年度: 94
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 104
中文關鍵詞: 標槍三維動力學逆過程軸向力
英文關鍵詞: Javelin, 3D Inverse dynamics, Axial force
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 本研究希望透過兩組不同水準選手之比較,除了找出動作技術的關鍵點也幫助一般選手更進一步。受試者為大專男子選手,優秀選手組最佳紀錄平均為68.04±5.68 m,一般選手組為55.74±7.17 m。利用四台同步之Redlake高速攝影機(兩台125 Hz拍攝人體動作,另兩台250 Hz拍攝槍體)與一塊Kistler測力板(1250 Hz)來擷取資料;以Kwon 3D軟體處理資料並以Butterworth 4th order修勻(6 Hz)。以三維動力學逆過程計算槍體及下肢各關節受力情形,槍體受力程式以Matlab 6.5版來執行。經由比較分析後發現:
    (一)優秀選手出槍前最大軸向力平均194.6±19.6 N,一般選手平均為147.81±18.54 N,優秀選手顯著地大於一般選手。(二)優秀選手前後傾的角度比一般選手來得大,另外成績越好的選手肩關節的角速度也有越大的現象。(三)制動腳剛著地時,優秀選手之左膝角度(166.3±4.9 deg)顯著地大於一般選手(154.4±10.4 deg)。另外助跑時身體質心速度方面,不管是在推蹬腳著地、制動腳著地及出槍時優秀選手之身體速度皆顯著地大於一般選手(四)標槍在腳跟剛著地時地面反作用力會急速上升,造成一2000 ~ 2222 N左右的最大垂直力量峰值;且由測力板之前後分力來看,出槍瞬間是發生在制動期階段,非推蹬期階段。

    By analysis of the two levels of javelin throwers, the purpose of this study was: (1) To find the keys of throwing technique. (2)To make the general group better. All subjects are college throwers, the mean personal record of elite group is 68.04±5.68 m, and that of general group is 55.74±7.17 m. Two Redlake cameras (125 Hz) for throwing motion, and another two Redlake cameras (250 Hz) for javelin motion and a synchronized force plate (Kistler, 1250 Hz) were used to collect the data. The data were digitized by Kwon 3D software and smoothed by Butterworth 4th order with 6 Hz cut-off frequency. The 3D inverse dynamics was analyzed with the force applied to the javelin and in lower extremity. The results included:
    (1) The axial force of elite group (194.6±19.6 N) was significant larger than that of general group (147.81±18.54 N)。(2)The elite group had a significant larger left hip flexion than the general during throwing, and there was a significantly positive correlation between the shoulder angular velocity and flight distance. (3)The angle of left knee of the elite group (166.3±4.9 deg) was significantly larger than that of the general group(154.4±10.4 deg) while the left heel touched the ground. At the time of last left foot landing, right foot landing and release, the run-up speed of elite group was significantly faster than that of the general. (4) The vertical GRF was dramatically increase to the peak (about 2000~2200 N) just at the moment that the left heel touched the ground. According to the pattern of forward horizontal force of GRF, the javelin release occurred in the braking phase.

    中文摘要………………………………………………………………….Ⅰ 英文摘要………………………………………………………………….Ⅱ 謝誌……………………………………………………………………….Ⅲ 目次……………………………………………………………………….Ⅳ 表次……………………………………………………………………….Ⅶ 圖次……………………………………………………………….………Ⅸ 第壹章 序論 第一節、前言………………………………………………………. 1 第二節、問題背景…………………………………………………. 3 第三節、研究目的…………………………………………………. 5 第四節、名詞操作性定義…………………………………………. 7 第五節、研究範圍………………………………………………….11 第六節、研究限制………………………………………………….11 第貳章 文獻探討 第一節、出槍時各項運動學參數對成績的影響....………………..12 第二節、投擲過程中身體上肢各關節活動情形…………………..18 第三節、槍體動力學的相關探討…………………………………..21 第四節、出槍時下肢制動及推蹬的探討…………………………..22 第五節、文獻總結…………………………………………………..25 第參章 研究方法與步驟 第一節、受試者……………………………………………………..26 第二節、實驗日期與地點…………………………………………..27 第三節、實驗儀器與設備……………….………………………….27 第四節、場地佈置……………………….………………………….28 第五節、實驗流程…………………………………………………...29 第六節、資料擷取與分析……………………………………………30 一、人體肢段之運動學分析……………………………………30 二、測力板資料擷取……………………………………………30 三、槍體受力之計算方法………………………………………31 四、支撐期下肢動力學逆過程計算……………………………35 (一)人體肢段參數部分…………………………………35 (二)人體各關節局部座標設定...………………………..35 (三)動力學逆過程之計算………………………………37 (四)力量、力矩及功率之符號意義……………………40 五、統計分析.. ………………………………………………….41 第肆章 結果與討論 第一節、出槍時之槍體運動學參數比較…………………………...42 一、兩組選手出槍時之槍體運動學參數比較………………...42 二、周宜辰及一位優秀選手之個案探討………………………50 第二節、上肢關節各項運動學參數比較…………………….……...52 一、兩組選手出槍時之身體上肢段參數比較…………………52 二、周宜辰及一位優秀選手之個案探討………………………55 第三節、下肢關節之運動學參數比較….…………………………...56 一、兩組選手出槍時之身體下肢段參數比較…………………55 二、投擲過程中制動腳各關節角度變化………………………60 三、周宜辰及一位優秀選手之個案探討………………………61 第四節、兩組選手出槍時槍體動力學參數比較 …………………. 63 第五節、出槍時地面反作用力參數比較………..…………………. 68 一、兩組選手出槍時地面反作用力參數比較…………………68 二、出槍前地面反作用力與槍體受力之結合…………………72 三、運動傷害的預防 .………………………………………… 74 第六節、出槍時下肢逆動力學參數比較………..…………………. 75 一、出槍時下肢關節受力情形…………………………………75 二、兩組選手制動期各關節受力矩及功率變化………………78 第七節、各項運動學及動力學參數和出手速度及成績的相關 …. 83 一、出手時槍體運動學和出手速度及成績的相關……………83 二、上肢各關節運動參數和成績及出手速度之間的關係……84 三、下肢關節運動參數和成績及出手速度之間的關係………85 四、出槍時之槍體動力學參數和成績及出手速度之間的關係.86 五、制動期之各項測力板參數和成績及出手速度之間的關係.87 六、推蹬期之各項測力板參數和成績及出手速度之間的關係.88 第伍章 結論與建議…………………………………………………......89 參考文獻 ...…………………………………………………………………92 附錄一 受試者同意書及基本資料………………….……………............. 96 附錄二 實驗之各項參數資料……………………………….……………. 98

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