本研究旨在探討知覺父母教養行為（自主支持教養、心理控制教養）對其青少年同儕滿意度的影響，並進一步了解人際互動歷程中的衝突認知評估（功能性評估、競爭性評估）與因應策略（兼容並蓄、自我犧牲、功利主義、規避逃離）是否有中介效果。本研究對象為15到18歲之青少年，並採用「自主支持教養量表」、「心理控制教養量表」、「衝突本質評估量表」、「衝突因應策略量表」及「同儕關係滿意度量表」為研究工具，以496筆有效資料進行正式分析，包含獨立樣本t檢定、皮爾森績差相關，以及結構方程模型。結構方程模型的主要研究結果如下：
1.自主支持教養對青少年同儕關係滿意度具正向且顯著的效果。
2.自主支持教養會透過兼容並蓄衝突因應策略，正向影響青少年同儕關係滿意度。
3.心理控制教養會透過自我犧牲衝突因應策略，負向影響青少年同儕關係滿意度。
4.自主支持教養會透過功能性衝突認知評估，正向影響青少年同儕關係滿意度。
5.心理控制較響會透過競爭性衝突認知評估，負向影響青少年同儕關係滿意度。
6.心理控制教養會透過競爭性衝突認知評估、自我犧牲衝突因應策略，負向影響青少年同儕關係滿意度。

最後，依據研究結果對實務工作者提出相關的建議，並針對本研究之限制與未來方向進行討論。

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of perceptions of parenting practices, namely parental autonomy support (PAS) and parental psychological control (PPC), on adolescents' peer relationship satisfaction (PRS), and taking appraisal of conflict, namely functional-orientated appraisal (FOA) and competitive-orientated appraisal (COA), as well as conflict resolution strategy (i.e., compatibility, self-sacrifice, utility, and escape) as mediators. The participants were adolescents from 15 to 18 years old. In this study, Perceptions of Parents Scale, Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire, Appraisal of Conflict Scale, Conflict Resolution Strategy Scale, and The Satisfaction with Peer Relationship Scale were used as research tools, with independent T-test, Pearson correlation and Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)statistics were used for data analysis. The main findings are:
1.The effect of PAS on adolescents’ PRS was positive and significant.
2.The mediation effect of compatibility strategy on the path from ASP to PRS was positive and significant.
3.The mediation effect of self-sacrifice strategy on the path from PPC to PRS was negative and significant.
4.The mediation effect of FOA on the path from ASP to PRS was positive and significant.
5.The mediation effect of COA on the path from PPC to PRS was negative and significant.
6.The serial mediation effect of COA and self-sacrifice strategy on the path from PPC to PRS was negative and significant.

According to these findings, the study provides suggestions for future research directions and practitioners.

參考文獻
壹、中文文獻
吳明燁、伊慶春（2003）。婚姻其實不只是婚姻：家庭因素對於婚姻滿意度的影響。人口學刊，26，71-95。
吳志文、葉光輝、王郁琮（2018）。「親子衝突因應策略量表」之效度研究。華人家庭、代間關係與群際認同，122-164。
卓馨怡、利翠珊（2008)）。成年子女的孝道責任與焦慮：親子關係滿意度的影響。本土心理學研究，（30），155-197。
林佳玲（1999）。夫妻依附風格、衝突因應策略與婚姻滿意度之相關研究。
林亞寧（2003）。新婚夫妻婚姻信念、衝突因應策略與婚姻調適之研究（碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
林惠雅（2014)）。青少年知覺父母教養行為、服從義務性與服從管教之關聯探討。應用心理研究，（60）， 219-271。
林惠雅、蕭英玲（2017）。青少年時期親子關係滿意度的變化：生態脈絡的影響。教育心理學報。
林俊瑩、陳成宏、黃章健（2014）。班級族群組成與學生心理幸福。教育研究與發展期刊，10（2），61-86。
郎亞琴、廖宴雪（2012)）。國小高年級學生同儕衝突與因應策略之研究。休閒運動保健學報，3，98-114。
孫淑琴（1999）。學童依附關係、內在運作模式和同儕衝突處理策略之相關研究（碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
秦穗玟、黃馨慧（2011）。青少年愛情關係滿意度之研究：以台北縣市高中職學生為例。應用心理研究，49，219-251。
張鳳如（2011）。婚姻衝突因應策略與幼兒情緒調節及人際關係之研究（碩士論文）。國立臺北護理健康大學嬰幼兒保育系，台北市。
陳富美（2007）。親子在教養行為上的認知差異：預測子方教養知覺的因素探討。中華心理衛生學刊，20（1），1-30。
許恩婷、程景琳（2014）。中文版「青少年同儕衝突處理策略量表」之信效度檢驗。教育科學期刊，13（2），55-74。
莊廷毅（2016）。社交媒體倦怠及人際關係滿意度 對社群媒體使用者口碑分享意圖之影響（碩士論文）。國立中央大學，桃園市。
黃囇莉（1999）。人際和諧與衝突：本土化的理論與研究。台北：桂冠。
黃德祥、李介至（2002）。青少年同儕衝突、因應策略及其相關因素之探討。彰化師大輔導學報，23，163-195。
程景琳（2011)。國中青少年關係攻擊與關係受害之縱貫性研究：社會適應與相關因素之探討(I)。
取自http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/40978。
程景琳（2014）。「父母心理控制量表」之編製研究。測驗學刊，61（2），239-258。
程景琳、陳虹仰（2015）。父親及母親心理控制行為與子女同儕受害的關聯：社交焦慮的中介影響。教育心理學報，3，357-375。
雷霞（2007）。青少年人際關係運作能力及其培育。中國青年研究，11，78-91。
楊國樞（1986）。家庭因素與子女行為：台灣研究的評析。中華心理學刊，28（1），7-28。
葉光輝（1995）。孝道困境的消解模式及其相關因素。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，79，87-118。
葉光輝（2012）。青少年親子衝突歷程的建設性轉化：從研究觀點的轉換到理論架構的發展，高雄行為科學學刊，3，31-59。
葉光輝、曹惟純（2014）。成人親子衝突之建設性轉化路徑：功能性衝突評估、共享式解決策略與個人生活適應的關聯。中華心理衛生學刊，27(2)，173-199。
葉光輝、吳志文、王敏衡（2016）。知覺滿足需求的教養與青少年的適應表現：雙元自主能力的跨時間中介效果檢驗。本土心理學研究，45，57-92。
葉詩蓓、林惠雅（2013）。青少年知覺母親教養行為與其自我揭露之探討。輔仁民生學誌，19（2），1-18。
劉政慶（2016）。父母教養行為與青少年同儕壓力之關聯性— 以自我調節為中介變項(碩士論文)。國立中正大學，嘉義縣。
潘秋燕、張弘勳（2018）。台南市國中生同儕關係之研究。學校行政，14，81-108。
蕭英玲（2012）。新婚前三年夫妻婚姻滿意度的變化與其影響因素。中華心理學刊，54（4），433-450。
蕭綱玉、葉光輝、吳志文（2018）。親密關係衝突中的建設性轉化歷程：行動者與伴侶相依模式之探討。中華心理衛生學刊，31（1），29-67。
簡嘉盈、程景琳（2012）。同儕對高中生之利社會行為的影響：檢視同理心與友誼特性之調節角色。教育科學期刊，11（1），105-123。
譚子文、張楓明（2013）。依附關係、低自我控制及接觸偏差同儕與青少年偏差行為關係之研究。當代教育研究季刊，21（4），81-120。

貳、英文文獻
Amato, P. R. (1986). Marital conflict, the parent-child relationship and child self-esteem. Family Relations, 403-410.
Anna Vannucci, Christine McCauley Ohannessiana, Kaitlin M. Flannery, Andres De Los Reyes, Songqi Liu (2018). Associations between friend conflict and affective states in the daily lives of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 65, 155-166.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bentler,P.M., & Bonnett,D.G. （1980）. Significant tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structure. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
Browne, M.W., & Cudeck, R.（1993）.Alternative ways of assessing model fit . In K.A. Bollen, & J.S. Long（Eds.）,Testing structural equation models,136-162.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological bulletin, 107(2), 238.
Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child development,67(6), 3296-3319.
Barber, B. K. (2002). Intrusive parenting: How psychological control affects children and adolescents. American Psychological Association.
Beate Schwarz, Boris Mayer, Gisela Trommsdorff, Asher Ben-Arieh, Mihaela Friedlmeier,Katarzyna Lubiewska, Ramesh Mishra, and Karl Peltzer(2012). Does the Importance of Parent and Peer Relationships for Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction Vary Across Cultures? Journal of Early Adolescence, 32(1), 55–80.
Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: Problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 87–127.
Chiu, S. I., Shiue, S. P., & Lee, J. Z. (2002). A study on the relationships among family function, parent-adolescent conflict, coping strategies, and life adjustment. Hong Kong Journal of Social Science, 22, 141-178.
Cummings, E. M., Goeke-Morey, M. C., & Papp, L. M. (2004). Everyday marital conflict and child aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32(2), 191-202.
Carmel Proctor, P. Alex Linley, John Maltby (2010). Very Happy Youths: Benefits of Very High Life Satisfaction Among Adolescents. Social Indicators Research, 98( 3), 519–532.
Doherty, W. J. (1995). Boundaries between parent and family education and family therapy: The levels of family involvement model. Family Relations, 353-358.
Elman, M. R., & Gilbert, L. A. (1984). Coping strategies for role conflict in married professional women with children. Family Relations, 317-327.
Engels, R. C., Deković, M., & Meeus, W. (2002). Parenting practices, social skills and peer relationships in adolescence. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal,30(1), 3-17.
Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (1992). Age and sex differences in perceptions of networks of personal relationships. Child development, 63(1), 103-115.
Grolnick, W. S., & Gurland, S. T. (2002). Mothering: Retrospect and Prospect. In J. P. McHale & W. S. Grolnick (Eds.), Retrospect and Prospect in the Psychological Study of Families (pp. 5-33). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gordon, T. (2008). Parent effectiveness training: The proven program for raising responsible children. Harmony.
Hendrick, S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 93-98.
Hu,L., & Bentler,P.M.（1999）. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6 , 1-55.
Howe, N., Rinaldi, C. M., Jennings, M., & Petrakos, H. (2002). Constructive and destructive sibling conflict, pretend play, and social understanding. Child Development, 73(5), 1460-1473.
Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2010). Quantifying and testing indirect effects in simple mediation models when the constituent paths are nonlinear. Multivariate behavioral research, 45(4), 627-660.
Howell, K. H., Kaplow, J. B., Layne, C. M., Benson, M. A., Compas, B. E., Katalinski, R. & Pynoos, R. (2015). Predicting adolescent posttraumatic stress in the aftermath of war: Differential effects of coping strategies across trauma reminder, loss reminder, and family conflict domains. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 28(1), 88-104.
Kamo, Y. (1993). Determinants of marital satisfaction: A comparison of the United States and Japan. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10(4), 551-568.
Kluwer, E. S., & Johnson, M. D. (2007). Conflict frequency and relationship quality across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(5), 1089-1106.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
Laursen, B. (1996). Closeness and conflict in adolescent peer relationships: Interdependence with friends and romantic partners. The company they keep: Friendship in childhood and adolescence, 186-210.
Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural equation modeling, 9(2), 151-173.
Maccoby, E., & Martin, J. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent‐child interaction. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.), Socialization, personality and social development, 4, 1–101.
MacKinnon, D. P., Krull, J. L., & Lockwood, C. M. (2000). Equivalence of the mediation, confounding and suppression effect. Prevention Science, 1(4), 173-181.
Mireille Joussemet, Rene´e Landry and Richard Koestner(2008). A Self Determination Theory Perspective on Parenting. Canadian Psychology, 49(3), 194–200.
Michael M.Crissa, Benjamin J.Houltbergb, LixianCuic, Cara D.Boslera, Amanda SheffieldMorrisa, Jennifer S.Silkd (2016). Direct and indirect links between peer factors and adolescent adjustment difficulties. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 43, 83-90.
Newman, B. M., Lohman, B. J., & Newman, P. R. (2007). Peer group membership and a sense of belonging: their relationship to adolescent behavior problems. Adolescence, 42(166), 242-263.
Rahim, M. A. (1986). Referent role and styles of handling interpersonal conflict. The Journal of social psychology, 126(1), 79-86.
Rahim, A., & Bonoma, T. V. (1979). Managing organizational conflict: A model for diagnosis and intervention. Psychological reports, 44(3), 1323-1344.
Robbins, R. J. (1994). An assessment of perceptions of parental autonomy support and control: Child and parent correlates. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Psychology, University of Rochester.
Schaefer, E. S. (1959). A circumplex model for maternal behavior. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59(2), 226.
Schaefer, E. S. (1965). A configurational analysis of children’s reports of parent behavior. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 29, 552 – 557.
Storch, E. A., & Masia-Warner, C. (2004). The relationship of peer victimization to social anxiety and loneliness in adolescent females. Journal of adolescence, 27(3), 351-362.
Shaffer, D. R. (2005). Social and personality development 4 th edition.
Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2010). A theoretical upgrade of the concept of parental psychological control: Proposing new insights on the basis of Self-Determination Theory. Developmental Review, 30, 74-99.
Twenge, J. M., Campbell, W. K., & Foster, C. A. (2003). Parenthood and marital satisfaction: a meta‐analytic review. Journal of marriage and family, 65(3), 574-583.
Williams, L. R., & Anthony, E. K. (2015). A model of positive family and peer relationships on adolescent functioning. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(3), 658-667.
Wu, C. W., Guo, N. W., Hsieh, Y. S., & Yeh, K. H. (2015). The facilitating effect of need-supportive parenting on the change rate and adaptation of dual autonomy among Taiwanese adolescents. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 74(4), 181-195.
Young, J. F., Berenson, K., Cohen, P., & Gracia, J. (2005). The role of parent and peer support in predicting adolescent depression: A longitudinal community study. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 15(4), 407-423.
Zora Raboteg-Saric, Marija Sakic (2010). Relations of Parenting Styles and Friendship Quality to Self-Esteem, Life Satisfaction and Happiness in Adolescents. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 9(3) , 749–765.
Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37, 197-206.