台灣平均每一百個學齡兒童當中就有6-7個發展性協調障礙學生，這類兒童無顯著的動作功能損傷，但在書寫操作、協調及平衡能力表現卻低於同齡兒童，甚至影響日常生活自理、社交互動及學業表現。目的：本研究旨在探討利用懸吊器材所設計之運動課程，對國小發展性協調障礙兒童在動作表現方面的影響。方法：本研究採用單一受試研究法跨受試者多基線設計，以新北某醫學中心國小階段的發展性協調障礙學生為對象，進行一週2次，一次50分鐘，共計16次的懸吊運動課程。研究工具採用兒童動作評估量表第二版(MABC-2)，所得資料採視覺分析及C統計分析。結果顯示：懸吊運動課程對國小發展性協調障礙學生的整體動作表現，包括手部操作能力、丟接能力、以及平衡能力，具有立即改善成效及維持成效。

On average, there are 6-7 students with developmental coordination disorder out of every 100 school-age children in Taiwan. These children have no significant motor function impairment, but their performance in writing, coordination and balance are lower than children of the same age, even affecting self-care, social interaction and academic performance. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of exercise courses designed with suspension equipment on the performance of children with developmental coordination disorders in elementary schools. Method: This study adopts a single-subject research method and a cross-subject multi-baseline design. The students with developmental coordination disorder at the elementary school stage of a medical center in New Taipei City were used for a total of 16 suspensions, twice a week, for 50 minutes. Exercise courses. The research tool adopts the Movement Assessment Battery for Children- Second Edition (MABC-2), and the data obtained adopts visual analysis and C statistical analysis. The results show that the suspension exercise course has an immediate effect on the overall performance of students with developmental coordination disorder in elementary schools, including hand operation ability, throwing ability, and balance ability.

一、中文文獻
石翔至、蔡正中(2011)：人體平衡能力的評估與訓練成效之探討。中華體育季刊， 25(1)，173-180。doi:10.6223/qcpe.2501.201103.2119
朱怡菁、李曜全、吳昇光（2010）：台灣發展協調障礙兒童之次族群分類。物理治療，35(3)，243- 250。
杜正治(2010)：單一受試研究法。台北：心理。
邱俊傑（2004）：彼拉提斯與核心復健運動。台北市：原水。
紐文英、吳裕益(2015)：單一個案研究法：研究設計與後設分析。台北：心理。
楊明達、鄭羽潔、詹貴惠（2015）：抗力球訓練對射箭選手肌肉功能、平衡能力與運動表現的影響。體育學報，48(2)，139 -148。doi：10.3966/102472972015064802002
楊建志、高明峰（2010）：懸吊運動介紹。體育學系系刊，10，53-64。
doi：10.29793/TYHHHK.201007.0006。
蔡鴻祺、陳長源、胡巧欣、吳一德（2019）：伸展運動對智能障礙者平衡、敏捷性及柔軟度之影響。興大體育學刊，18，37-50。
陳俐璉、葉怡成、吳慶瑞、周柏宏（2016）：阻力訓練對社區身心障礙者肌力、平衡之影響。休閒保健期刊，16，111-121。
禚昌麟、陳其嶸、張雁晴、楊沛穎、徐玉英、陳明德（2015）：運動訓練對老年精神障礙者的平衡與行走成效－採專業合作模式。職能治療學會雜誌，33(2)，149-167 doi： 10.6594/JTOTA.2015.33(2).02
劉宗豪、陳怡仲（2017）：走繩運動對國中學生平衡能力及肌耐力的影響。休閒觀光與運動健康學報，7(2)，57-75。
張琬慈、林作慶(2018)：核心肌群訓練改善國中智能障礙學生身體組成及動態平衡影響保齡球運動表現之研究。臺中科大體育學刊, (14), doi:10.6980/NUTCPE.201805_(14).0002
吳鈺婕(2018)：TRX 懸吊運動對智能障礙學生核心肌群之影響。運動健康休閒學報，9，01-10。

二、英文文獻
Anonymous (2010). Record exercises. Retrieved from https://www.redcord.com.pl/wpcontent/uploads/2014/06/Redcord_exercises_english_april_2010_sqfIM.pdf
Anonymous (2019). ACSM Sports Medicine Basics : youth strength training. Retrievde from https://www.acsm.org/docs/default-source/files-for-resource-library/smb-youth-strength-training.pdf
Abercromby, A.F., Amonette, W.E., Layne, C.S., McFarlin, B.K., Hinman, M.R., & Paloski, W.H. (2007). Variation in neuromuscular responses during acute whole-body vibration exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,39(9),1642-1650 "
Albers, C. A., & Grieve, A. J. (2007). Bayley scales of infant and toddler development– third edition. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 25(2), 180–190. doi:10.1177/0734282906297199
Barba, P., Luiz, E., Pinheiro, R., & Lourenço, G. (2017). Prevalence of developmental coordination disorder signs in children 5 to 14 years in São Carlos. Motricidade, 13, 22. doi:10.6063/motricidade.10058
Barnett, A., Smith, B., Lord, S., Williams, M., & Baumand, A. (2003). Community‐based group exercise improves balance and reduces falls in at‐risk older people: a randomised controlled trial. Age and Ageing, 32(4),407-414.
Biotteau, M., Danna, J., Baudou, E., Puyjarinet, F., Velay, J.-L., Albaret, J.-M., & Chaix, Y. (2019). Developmental coordination disorder and dysgraphia: signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and rehabilitation. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 15, 1873–1885. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S120514
Blank, R., Barnett, A.L., Cairney, J., Green, D., Kirby, A., Polatajko, H., Rosenblum, S., Smits‐Engelsman, B., Sugden, D., Wilson, P. & Vinçon, S.(2019). International clinical practice recommendations on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of developmental coordination disorder. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 3(61), 242-285. doi:10.1111/dmcn.14132
Brown, T. (2018). Movement assessment battery for children: 2nd Edition (MABC-2). Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1–20.
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_1922-3
Caçola P. (2016). Physical and mental health of children with developmental coordination disorder. Frontiers in Public Health, 4, 224. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2016.00224
Cheng, C. F., Lu, Y.-L., Huang, Y.-C., Hsu, W.-C., Kuo, Y.-C., & Lee, K. C.-L. (2017). Effects of low-frequency vibration on physiological recovery from exhaustive exercise. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 10. doi:10.2174/1875399X0171001008
Chow, S. M. K., & Henderson, S. E. (2003). Brief report—Interrater and test–retest reliability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Chinese preschool children. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 57, 574–577. doi:10.5014/ajot.57.5.574
Cloak, R., Nevill, A., & Wyon, M. (2014). The acute effects of vibration training on balance and stability amongst soccer players. European Journal of Sport Science, 16, 1-7. doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.973912
De Mey, K., Danneels, L., Cagnie, B., Borms, D., TʼJonck, Z., Van Damme, E., & Cools, A. M. (2014). Shoulder muscle activation levels during four closed kinetic chain exercises with and without redcord slings. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(6), 1626–1635. doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000292
Deitz, J. C., Kartin, D., & Kopp, K. (2007). Review of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of motor proficiency, second edition (BOT-2). Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 27(4), 87–102. doi:10.1080/j006v27n04_06
Faigenbaum, A. (2015). Physical activity in children and adolescents. ACSM Bulletin. Retrieved from
physical-activity-in-children-and-adolescents.pdf (acsm.org)
Figura, F., Cama, G., Capranica, L., Guidetti, L., & Pulejo, C.（1991）. Assesment of static balance in children. Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fitness,31(2),235-242.
Folio, M.R.& Fewell, R.R. (2000). Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-Second Edition (PDMS-2). Retrieved from
https://www.ecasd.k12.wi.us/student_services/assessments/PDMS-2.pdf
Golenia, L., Bongers, R. M., van Hoorn, J. F., Otten, E., Mouton, L. J., & Schoemaker, M. M. (2018). Variability in coordination patterns in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Human Movement Science, 60, 202–213. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2018.06.009
Griffiths, A., Toovey, R., Morgan, P. E., & Spittle, A. J. (2018). Psychometric properties of gross motor assessment tools for children: a systematic review. British Medical Journal Open,8(10), e021734. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021734
Harris, S. R., Mickelson, E. C. R., & Zwicker, J. G. (2015). Diagnosis and management of developmental coordination disorder. Canadian Medical Association Journal,187(9),659-665. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.140994
Henderson, S.E., Sugden, D.A., & Barnett, A.L. (2007). Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (Movement ABC-2). London, England: Pearson Clinical.
Hoskens, J., Klingels, K., & Smits-Engelsman, B. (2018). Validity and cross-cultural differences of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition in typically developing infants. Early Human Development, 125, 17–25. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.07.002
Jarus, T., Lourie-Gelberg, Y., Engel-Yeger, B., & Bart, O. (2011). Participation patterns of school-aged children with and without DCD. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(4), 1323–1331. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.01.033
Johansen, G. T. (2012). Sling exercise therapy (SET) for children with impaired motor coordination : achieving distal control through proximal stability - a pilot study. Faculty of Health- and Sport Sciences
Judge, J.O., Lindsey, C., Underwood, M., & Winsemius, D.(1993). Balance improvements in older women: effects of exercise training. Physical Therapy,73(4),254-62 doi: 10.1093/ptj/73.4.254
Kang, H., Jung, J., & Yu, J. (2012). Comparison of trunk muscle activity during bridging exercises using a sling in patients with low back pain. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 11(3), 510–515.
Kavcic, N., Grenier, S., & McGill, S. M. (2004). Determining the Stabilizing Role of Individual Torso Muscles During Rehabilitation Exercises. Spine, 29(11), 1254–1265. doi:10.1097/00007632-200406010-00016
Kim, Y. W., Kim, N. Y., Chang, W. H., & Lee, S. C. (2016). Comparison of the Therapeutic Effects of a Sling Exercise and a Traditional Stabilizing Exercise for Clinical Lumbar Spinal Instability. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 27(1), 47–54. doi:10.1123/jsr.2016-0083
Kirkesola, G., (2009). Neurac-a new treatment method for long-term musculoskeletal pain. Jornal Fysioterapeuten, 76(12) 16–25
Kibler, W.B., Press, J.,& Sciascia, A.,(2006) The Role of Core Stability in Athletic Function. Sports Medicine, 36(3),189-198.
doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001
Ko, K.-J., Ha, G.-C., Yook, Y.-S., & Kang, S.-J. (2018). Effects of 12-week lumbar stabilization exercise and sling exercise on lumbosacral region angle, lumbar muscle strength, and pain scale of patients with chronic low back pain. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 30(1), 18–22. doi:10.1589/jpts.30.18
Langevin, L.M., MacMaster, F.P., & Dewey, D. (2015). Distinct patterns of cortical thinning in concurrent motor and attention disorders. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology,57(3):257-64. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12561.
Lee, S., Lee, S., & Choi, B. (2018). Effect of trunk stabilization exercises on trunk muscle activation using different respiratory conditions. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 30(4), 567–569. doi:10.1589/jpts.30.567
Licari, M.K., Billington, J., Reid, S.L., Wann, J.P,, Elliott, C.M., Winsor, A.M., Robins, E., Thornton, A.L., Jones, R., & Bynevelt, M.(2015). Cortical functioning in children with developmental coordination disorder: a motor overflow study. Experimental Brain Research,233(6):1703-10. doi: 10.1007/s00221-015-4243-7
Lin, K. H., & Wu, S. K. (2002). Seven to eight year-old children with developmental coordination disorder in Taiwan. Formosan Journal of Physical Therapy, 27, 238–248
Linek, P., Saulicz, E., Myśliwiec, A., Wójtowicz, M., & Wolny, T. (2016). The Effect of Specific Sling Exercises on the Functional Movement Screen Score in Adolescent Volleyball Players: A Preliminary Study. Journal of Human Kinetics, 54(1), 83–90. doi:10.1515/hukin-2016-0037
Ma, X., Sun, W., Lu, A., Ma, P., & Jiang, C. (2017). The improvement of suspension training for trunk muscle power in Sanda athletes. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 15, 81-88. doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2017.09.002
Martin, K. S., Westcott, S., & Wrotniak, B. H. (2013). Diagnosis dialog for pediatric physical therapists: hypotonia, developmental coordination disorder, and pediatric obesity as examples. Pediatr Physical Therapy, 25(4), 431-443. doi:10.1097/PEP.0b013e31829ec53f
Mayer, F., Schlumberger, A., Cingel, R., Henrotin, Y., Laube, W., & Schmidtbleicher, D. (2003). Training and testing in open versus closed kinetic chain. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 11, 181-187. doi:10.3233/IES-2003-0154
Mertens, D.M. (4 Ed.).(2015). Research and evaluation in education and psychology. Washington, DC: SAGE Publications.
Mikhael, M., Orr, R., Amsen, F., Greene, D., & Singh, M.A.F. (2010). Effect of standing posture during whole body vibration training on muscle morphology and function in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. BioMed Central, 10. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-10-74
Missiuna, C., Cairney, J., Pollock, N., Campbell, W., Russell, D. J., Macdonald, K. & Cousins, M. (2014). Psychological distress in children with developmental coordination disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(5), 1198–1207.
doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.01.007
Nasb, M., & Li, Z. (2016). Sling suspension therapy utilization in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation,4, 99-116. doi:10.4236/ojtr.2016.43009
Paquet, A., Olliac, B., Golse, B., & Vaivre-Douret, L. (2018). Nature of motor impairments in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison with developmental coordination disorder. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 1–14. doi:10.1080/13803395.2018.1483486
Petersen, S., Rune, M., Erin, K., Stephen, S., &Frank, K. (2006). Sling exercise training improves balance, kicking velocity and torso stabilization strength in elite soccer players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38（5）, s243
Piercy, K. & Bevington, F. (2018). Physical activity guidelines for americans 2nd edition. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Retride from https://health.gov/paguidelines/second-edition/pdf/Physical_Activity_Guidelines_2nd_edition.pdf
Potter, C.N., & Silverman, L.N. (1984). Characteristics of vestibular function and static balance skills in deaf children. Physical Therapy, 64,1071-1075.
Prokopy, M. P., Ingersoll, C. D., Nordenschild, E., Katch, F. I., Gaesser, G. A., & Weltman A.（2008）. Closed-kinetic chain upper-body training improves throwing performance of NCAA Division I Softball players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning, 22,1790-1798
Putnam, C.A. (1993). Sequential motions of body segments in striking and throwing skills: Descriptions and explanations. Journal of Biomechanics, 26, 125-135. doi：10.1016/0021-9290(93)90084-R
Rathore, M., Trivedi, S., Abraham, J., & Sinha, M. B. (2017). Anatomical correlation of core muscle activation in different yogic ostures. International Journal of Yoga, 10(2), 59–66. doi：10.4103/0973-6131.205515
Reeves, N. P., Narendra, K. S., & Cholewicki, J. (2007). Spine stability: The six blind men and the elephant. Clinical Biomechanics, 22(3), 266–274. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.11.011
Rittweger, J., Beller, G., & Felsenberg, D. (2000). Acute physiological effects of exhaustive whole-body vibration exercise in man. Clinical physiology , 20, 134-142. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2281.2000.00238.x
Rosenblum, S. (2015). Do motor ability and handwriting kinematic measures predict organizational ability among children with developmental coordination disorders? Human Movement Science, 43, 201–215. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2015.03.014
Saliba, S. A., Croy, T., Guthrie, R., Grooms, D., Weltman, A., & Grindstaff, T. L. (2010). Differences in transverse abdominis activation with stable and unstable bridging exercises in individuals with low back pain. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy,5(2), 63–73.
Saeterbakken, A. H., van den Tillaar, R., & Seiler, S. (2011). Effect of core stability training on throwing velocity in female handball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(3), 712–718. doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181cc227e
Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Niemeijer, A. S., & van Waelvelde, H. (2011). Is the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition a reliable instrument to measure motor performance in 3 year old children? Research in Developmental Disabilities,32(4), 1370–1377. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.01.031
Smits-Engelsman, B., Blank, R., Kaay, A.-C., Meijs, R., Brand, E., Polatajko, H., & Wilson, P. (2012). Efficacy of interventions to improve motor performance in children with developmental coordination disorder: A combined systematic review and meta-analysis. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 55. doi:10.1111/dmcn.12008
Thomas, T. (2012). Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-Second Edition (PDMS-2). Retrieved from
https://www.proedinc.com/Downloads/13767_PDMS-2detail.pdf
Vaivre-Douret, L., Lalanne, C., Ingster-Moati, I., Boddaert, N., Cabrol, D., Dufier, J.L., Golse, B. & Falissard, B. (2011). Subtypes of developmental coordination disorder: Research on their nature and etiology. Developmental Neuropsychology,36(5), 614–643. doi:10.1080/87565641.2011.560696
Valentini, N. C., Ramalho, M. H., & Oliveira, M. A. (2014). Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2: Translation, reliability, and validity for Brazilian children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(3), 733–740. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.10.028
Van Hartingsveldt, M. J., Cup, E. H., & Oostendorp, R. A. (2005). Reliability and validity of the fine motor scale of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales–2. Occupational Therapy International,12(1), 1–13. doi:10.1002/oti.11
Wilk, K. E., Escamilla, R. F., Fleisig, G. S., Barrentine, S. W., Andrews, J. R., & Boyd, M. L., (1996). A comparison of tibiofemoral joint forces and electromyographic activity during open and closed kinetic chain exercises. The American Journal of Sports Medicine,24(4),518-527. doi:10.1177/036354659602400418
Wilson, P., Ruddock, S., Smits-Engelsman, B., Polatajko, H., & Blank, R. (2012). Understanding performance deficits in developmental coordination disorder: A meta-analysis of recent research. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 55. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04436.x
Wolff, D. R., Rose, J., Jones, V., Bloch, D. A., Oehlert, J. W., & Gamble, J. G（1998）Postural balance measurement for normal children and adolescents. Journal of Orthopaedic Research,16, 271-277
Woollacott, M. H., & Shumway-Cook, A. (1990). Changes in posture control across the life spana systems approach. Physical Therapy, 70(12), 799-807
World Health Organization (2018). Physical activity. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/physical-activity
Wuang, Y.-P., Su, J.-H., & Su, C.-Y. (2012). Reliability and responsiveness of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition Test in children with developmental coordination disorder. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 54(2), 160–165. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04177.x
Zwicker, J. G., Missiuna, C., Harris, S. R., & Boyd, L. A. (2012). Developmental coordination disorder: A review and update. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 16(6), 573–581. doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2012.05.005