前言：過多的體脂肪除了造成身體外觀上的困擾，增加身體的負擔，更令人擔心的是內臟脂肪的含量。過度的脂肪堆積不但會影響運動能力，且易造成高血壓、糖尿病、冠狀動脈疾病等。由於科技的進步研究體脂肪已從脂肪量，轉變到體脂肪百分比與分佈的情形。長期以來，運動被視為維持體重或減重最健康的方式，但國內、外很少針對長期從事不同運動者之間的差異做比較。目的：本研究目的在探討長期從事不同單項運動對全身體脂肪分佈與內臟脂肪的影響。方法：本研究以磁共振造影（magnetic resonance imaging, MRI）來測量健康而自願參與本實驗的長期從事運動者36名（慢跑、游泳與重量訓練3組，每組12人），另招募控制組12名，探討長期從事不同規律運動對不同部位脂肪分佈的影響，各組之間有運動動與無運動之間的各部位脂肪的差異，及有運動的各組彼此之間各部位脂肪分佈的差異。結果：慢跑組與游泳組在身體各部位的脂肪分佈上皆有顯著差異（p<0.05），在骨盆內臟脂肪上，慢跑組與控制組間也有顯著差異（p<0.05）。皮下脂肪的分佈百分比在各組間沒有差異，唯腹部皮下脂肪在重訓組有比其他三組高的趨勢；在內臟脂肪（腹部、骨盆）佔總體脂肪的百分比上，有運動的組別比控制組有較少的內臟脂肪（腹部、骨盆），尤其是慢跑組在內臟脂肪的量上明顯的少於控制組（p<0.05）。結論：有規律運動者比沒有運動者能有效地減少體脂肪的含量；長期慢跑或是重量訓練組在內臟脂肪上有降低的效果，其中以慢跑最佳，而游泳可能不是降低體脂肪的好方法；因慢跑最能夠有效減少各部位身體脂肪，如想要減脂肪並促進健康，可以考慮從事慢跑運動。

Introduction: Excess body fat not only influences exercise ability but is also associated with an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. As result of the improvements in technology, research on human body fat has shifted from body fat percentage to body fat distribution. Physical exercise can help to maintain or lose body fat; however, few studies have focused on the effects of different exercises. Purpose: This study examined the difference in the distribution of whole-body fat among three groups of individuals who engaged in long-term regular exercise (runners, swimmers, and weight lifters, with 12 male subjects in each group). Twelve sedentary people served as the controls. Methods: MRI was used to determine fat distribution between those who engaged in long-term regular exercise and those who were sedentary. The relationships and differences in subcutaneous fat, visceral fat of both groups were investigated. Results: There were significant differences between runners and swimmers in each region of body fat % （p<0.05）, and there were significant differences between the runners and controls in pelvis visceral fat （p<0.05）.The abdominal subcutaneous fat volume was highest in weight lifters. Visceral fat volume in the runners was significantly lower than the swimmers, weight lifters, and controls. Visceral fat in the runners was significantly lower than the controls（p<0.05）. Conclusions: Long-term regular exercise can help to maintain and decrease body fat %. Runners and weight lifters have lower visceral fat volume, but in runners it is lower than weight lifters. Swimming may not be the best way to decrease body fat. If somebody wants to lose weight in a healthy way, running might be the most effective way to reduce all regions of body fat.

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