研究生: |
鄭雅嵐 Cheng,Ya-Lan |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
液晶電視產品生命週期之行銷策略 LCD-TV Marketing Strategies in Different Product Life Cycle Stages |
指導教授: |
黃啟祐
Huang, Chi-Yo |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
工業教育學系 Department of Industrial Education |
論文出版年: | 2010 |
畢業學年度: | 98 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 96 |
中文關鍵詞: | 高科技行銷策略 、多世代產品生命週期 、策實驗室分析法 、分析 網路流程法 、VIKOR |
英文關鍵詞: | High technology marketing strategy, Multi-generation product life cycle, Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), Analytic Network Process (ANP), VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:191 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
在產品與製程皆快速創新的時代,產品的生命週期(PLC)日益縮短,尤其如動態隨機存取記憶體(DRAM)、中央處理器(CPU)等重要的高科技產品而言,單一的生命週期也已擴展到多世代週期的行為。然而,多世代生命週期的相關研究過去多著重在技術的預測,較少研究著墨於行銷組合策略之訂定,有鑑於此,本研究試圖發展一個分析架構以解決上述的問題,並提供不同生命週期之最佳行銷組合策略。
本研究以多準則決策架構(MCDM)為基礎,先以修正式德爾菲法(Modified Delphi)綜合國內液晶電視產業相關領域專家之意見,訂定行銷組合策略之準則要素,再以決策實驗室分析法(DEMATEL),藉由求取行銷策略要素彼此間之因果關係以建立決策問題架構,並利用分析網路流程法(ANP)求取各行銷策略準則對於各行銷組合構面下之權重後,最後採用可以產生妥協解的VIKOR 法,對於各生命週期階段下之行銷策略方案逕行評估和排序。
實證研究結果發現每個生命週期之最佳行銷組合策略如下:(1)導入期:產品設計策略、成本定價策略、選擇式通路策略、廣告文案策略;(2)成長期:產品定位策略、產品線定價策略、選擇式通路策略、媒體促銷策略;(3)成熟期:產品多樣化策略、成套定價策略、密集式通路策略、媒體促銷策略;與(4)成熟期:產品消除策略、彈性定價策略、選擇式通路策略、推式促銷策略。最後針對研究發現與結論,分別就不同生命週期下之行銷組合策略及後續研究者提出建議事項,俾供後進之液晶電視廠商之策略組合。
In an era of fast product and process innovations, the innovative product life cycles (PLC) are becoming shorter and shorter. Meanwhile, PLCs of some most important high technology products including Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Central Processing Units (CPU), etc. have demonstrated the multi-generation behavior. However, past researchers on multiple generations have been focused more on technological forecasting while ignored the impacts of marketing mix variables. Be aware of the situation, this paper intends to propose an analytic framework for selecting the optimum portfolio of marketing strategies at different PLC stages.
A multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) framework consisting of the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) as the tool for configuring the decision problem structure, the Analytical Network Process (ANP) as the tool for calculating weights of each criterion, and finally, the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) as the tool for ranking the alternatives have been proposed for defining the marketing mix strategy for a LCD TV vendor. An empirical study on large-sized LCD TVs will be leveraged for verifying the usefulness of this proposed analytic framework on multiple generation product marketing strategies definitions.
The Empirical analysis result shows that the best marketing mix strategies over each PLC stage as well as demonstrates the effectiveness of this analytic framework. The optimal marketing mix strategies being derived in the empirical analysis include: (1) introduction stage: product-design strategy, full-cost pricing, selective distribution and advertising-copy strategy; (2) growth stage: product-positioning strategy, product line-pricing strategy, selective distribution and media-selection strategy; (3) maturity stage: diversification strategy, bundle pricing strategy, intense distribution and media-selection strategy; and (4) decline stage: product-elimination strategy, flexible-pricing pricing, selective distribution, push strategy. Finally, certain conclusions and suggestions for marketing mix strategies in different product life cycle stages, and further study were presented and proposed. The analytic results can also serve as the strategy portfolio of a late coming LCD-TV firm.
Aitken, J., Childerhouse, P. & Towill, D. (2003). The impact of product life cycle on supply chain strategy. International Journal of Production Economics, 85(2), 127-140.
Armstrong, G. & Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing: An Introduction. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Assael, H. (1993) Marketing: Principles & Strategy (2nd ed). Forth Worth: Dryden Press.
Bauer, H. H. & Fischer, M. (2000). Product life cycle patterns for pharmaceuticals and their impact on R&D profitability of late mover products. International Business Review, 9 (6), 703-725.
Birou, L., Fawcett, S. E. & Magnan, G. M. (1997). Integrating product life cycle and purchasing strategies. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 33(1), 23-31.
Cravens, D. W. (1997). Strategic Marketing (5nd ed.). Boston, Mass: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Che, Z. H. (2009). Pricing strategy and reserved capacity plan based on product life cycle and production function on LCD TV manufacturer. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(2), 2048-2061.
Chen, C. & Watanabe, C. (2006). Diffusion, substitution and competition dynamism inside the ICT market: the case of Japan. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 73(6), 731-759.
Chen, C. K., Liao, C. & Weng, T. C. (2006). Optimal replenishment policies for the case of a demand function with product-life-cycle shape in a finite planning horizon. Expert Systems with Application, 32(1), 65–76.
Chen, J. L., Liu, S. J. & Tseng, C. H. (2000). Technological innovation and strategy adaptation in the product life cycle. Technology Management: Strategies & Application, 5(3), 183-202.
Chi, T. & Liu, J. (2001). Product life cycle, and market entry and exit decisions under uncertainty. IIE Transactions, 33(9), 695-704.
Chu, C. P. & Pan, J. G. (2008). The forecasting of the mobile Internet in Taiwan by diffusion model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 75(7), 1054-1067.
Cox, W. E. (1967). Product life cycles as marketing models. Journal of Business, 40(4), 375-384.
Curran, M. A., Mann, M. & Norris, G. (2005). The international workshop on electricity data for life cycle inventories. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(8), 853-862.
Dalkey, N. & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458-467.
Danaher, P. J., Hardie, B. G. S. & Putsis, W. P. (2001). Marketing mix variables and the diffusion of successive generations of a technological innovation. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(4), 501-514.
Davies, W. & Brush, K. E. (1997). High-tech industry marketing: the elements of a sophisticated global strategy. Industrial Marketing Management, 26(1), 1-13.
Day, G. S. (1981). The product life cycle: analysis and applications issues. Journal of Marketing, 45(Fall), 60-67.
Day, G. S. (1999). Market driven strategy: processes for creating value: with a new introduction. New York, Free Press, Pittsburg: RWS Publications.
Dickson, P. R. (1997). Marketing Management (2nd ed). Fort Worth: Dryden Press.
Display Search, (2007). Quarterly Global TV Shipments and Forecast Report, Q3’07.
Doyle, P. & Stern, P. (2006). Marketing Management and Strategy. New York: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Ferkertich, S. (1990). Focus on psychometrics: internal consistency estimates of reliability. Research in Nursing & Health, 13(6), 437-440.
Fontela, E. & Gabus, A. (1976). The DEMATEL observer. Battelle Institute, Geneva Research Center.
Gabus, A. & Fontela, E. (1972). World problems, an invitation to further thought within the framework of DEMATEL. Switzerland, Geneva: Battelle Geneva Research Centre.
Gabus, A. & Fontela, E. (1973). Perceptions of the world problematique: Communication procedure, communicating with those bearing collective responsibility (DEMATEL report no. 1). Switzerland Geneva: Battelle Geneva Research Centre.
Golder, P. N. & Tellis, G. J. (2004). Growing, growing, gone: cascades, diffusion, and turning points in the product life cycle, Marketing Science, 23(2), 207-218.
Ho, J. (2003). Extending the product lifeline. Pharmaceutical Executive, 23 (7), 70, 72, 74, 76.
Huang, C. Y. & Tzeng, G. H. (2008). Multiple generation product life cycle predictions using a novel two-stage fuzzy piecewise regression analysis method. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 77(1), 12-31.
Huang, J. J., Tzeng, G. H. & Ong, C. S. (2005). Multidimensional data in multidimensional scaling using the analytic network process. Pattern Recognition Letters, 26(6), 755-767.
IC Insight, (2008). IC Market Driver, Section 4, Digital Television.
Joseph, A. G. & Rosemary R. G. (2003). Calculating, Interpreting, and Reporting Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert-Type Scales. 2003 Midwest Research to Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.
Jain, S. (2005). Marketing Planning & Strategy. South-Western Publishing Co.
Karsak, E. E., Sozer, S. & Alptekin, S. E. (2002). Product planning in quality function development using a combined analytic network process and goal programming approach. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 44(1), 171-190.
Kepros, J. P., Mosher, B., Anderson, C. & Stevens, P. (2007). Product life cycle management as a tool for surgical career planning. Journal of Surgical Research, 137(2), 304.
Kerin, R. A. & Peterson, R. A. (1998). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments (8nd ed). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Khali, T. M. (2000). Management of Technology: The Key to Competitiveness and Wealth Creation. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill.
Kim, W. J., Lee, J. D. & Kim, T. Y. (2005). Demand forecasting for multigenerational products combining discrete choice and dynamics of diffusion under technological trajectories. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 72(7), 825-849.
Kotler, P. (1996). Marketing Management: An Asian Perspective. Singapore; New York: Prentice Hall.
Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing Management (10nd ed), Prentice Hall.
Kotler, P. & Keller, K. L. (2006). Marketing Management (12nd ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Krause, F. L. & Kind, C. (1998). Strategic planning of information technological infrastructures for life cycle management. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 47(1), 129-132.
Lee, H., Kim, C., Cho, H. & Park, Y. (2009). An ANP-based technology network for identification of core technologies: a case of telecommunication technologies. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(1), 894-908.
Lee, H. L. & Tang, C. S. (1998). Successful strategies for product rollovers. Sloan Management Review, 39(3), 23-30.
Lee, J., Cho, Y., Lee, J. D. & Lee, C. Y. (2006). Forecasting future demand for large-screen television sets using conjoint analysis with diffusion model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 73(4), 362-376.
Lee, J. W. & Kim, S. H. (2000). Using analytic network process and goal programming for interdependent information system project selection. Computers and Operations Research, 27(4), 367–382.
Lee, W. S., Tzeng, G. H., Guan, J. L., Chien, K. T. & Huang, J. M. (2008). Combined MCDM techniques for exploring stock selection based on Gordon model. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(3), 6421-6430.
Levitt, T. (1965). Exploit the product Life Cycle. Harvard Business Review, 43(6), 81-94.
Lin, C. J. & Wu, W. W. (2008). A causal analytical method for group decision-making under fuzzy environment. Expert Systems with Applications, 34(1), 205-213.
McGrath, M. E. (2001). Product Strategy for High- Technology Companies: Accelerating Your Business to Web Speed (2nd ed). New York. McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc.
Meade, L. & Sarkis, J. (1999). Analyzing organizational project alternatives for agile manufacturing processes: an analytic network approach. International Journal of Production Research, 37(2), 241–261.
Meade, P. T. & Rabelo, L. (2004). The technology adoption life cycle attractor: Understanding the dynamics of high-tech markets. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 71(7), 667-684.
Miller, O (2001). The product life cycle & the marketing mix. Credit Management, 36-38.
Mohr, J., Sengupta, S. & Slater, S. (2005). Marketing of High-Technology Products and Innovations (2nd ed). New York: Pearson Hall.
Moore, G. A. (1991). The product adoption curve in crossing the chasm, marketing and selling technology products to mainstream customers. New York: HarperCollins.
Moore, G. A. (1999). Inside the tornado: marketing strategies from silicon valley’s cutting edge (revised). New York: HarperCollins.
Murry, J. W. & Hammons, J. O. (1995). Delphi: A versatile methodology for conducting qualitative research. The Review of Higher Education, 18(4), 423-436.
Norton, J. A. & Bass, F. M. (1987). A diffusion theory model of adoption and substitution for successive generations of high technology products. Management Science, 33(9), 1069-1086.
Ofek, E., & Sarvary, M. (2003). R&D, marketing, and the success of next-generation products, Marketing Science, 22(3), 355-370.
Opricovic, S. (1998). Multicriteria Optimization of Civil Engineering Systems. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Belgrade.
Opricovic, S. & Tzeng, G. H. (2004). Compromise solution by MCDM methods: A comparative analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS. European Journal of Operational Research, 156(2), 445-455.
Opricovic, S. & Tzeng, G. H. (2007). Extended VIKOR method in comparison with outranking methods. European Journal of Operational Research, 178(2), 514-529.
Rink, D. R., Roden, D. M., & Fox, H. W. (1999). Financial management and planning with the product life cycle concept. Business Horizons, 42(5), 65-72.
Robinson, J. P., & Shaver, P. R. (1973). Measures of social psychological attitudes. Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research.
Rogers, E. (1962). Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press, New York.
Saaksvuori, A. & Immonen, A. (2005). Product lifecycle Management (2nd ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin-Heidelberg.
Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process. New York: McGraw-Hill,
Saaty, T. L. (1996). Decision Making with Dependence and Feedback: The Analytic Network Process. Pittsburgh: RWS Publications.
Saaty, T. L. (2001). Decision Making with Dependence and Feedback: The Analytic Network Process (2nd ed). Pittsburgh: RWS Publications.
Saaty, T. L. (2003). Decision Making in Complex Environments – Super Decisions. Retrieved May 12, 2007.
Sakai, N., Tanaka, G., Shimomura, Y. (2003). Product life cycle design based on product life control. In: Proceedings of the third international symposium on environmentally conscious design and inverse manufacturing, Tokyo, 102–108.
Sayadi, M. K., Heydari, M., & Shahanaghi, K. (2009). Extension of VIKOR method for decision making problem with interval numbers. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 33(5), 2257-2262.
Scott, G. (2001). Strategic planning for high-tech product development. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 13(3), 343-364.
Solomon, M. R. & Stuart, E. W. (1997). Marketing: Real People, Real Choices. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Speece, M. W. & Maclachlan, D. L. (1995). Application of a multi-generation diffusion model to milk container technology. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 49(3), 281-295.
Tomes, Z. (2008). Applying the life-cycle theory: the rise and fall of railways. The Journal of Transport History, 29(1), 120-124.
Tsai, W. H. & Chou, W. C. (2009). Selecting management systems for sustainable development in SMEs: a novel hybrid model based on DEMATEL, ANP, and ZOGP. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(2), 1444-1458.
Tushman, M. L. & O’Reilly, C. A. (1997) Winning Through Innovation:A Practical Guide to Leading Organizational Change and Renewal. Boston M. A.: Harvard Business School Press.
Tzeng, G. H., Chiang, C. H. & Li, C. W. (2007). Evaluating intertwined effects in e-learning programs: A novel hybrid MCDM model based on factor analysis and DEMATEL. Expert Systems with Applications, 32(4), 1028-1044.
Tzeng, G. H., Lin, C. W. & Opricovic, S. (2005). Multi-criteria analysis of alternative-fuel buses for public transportation. Energy Policy, 33(11), 1373-1383.
Walker, O. C. J., Boyd, H. W. J., Mullins, J., & Larreche, J.-C. (2008). Marketing Strategy: A Decision-focused Approach (6 nd ed.). Homewood, IL: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Werker, C. (2003). Innovation, market performance, and competition: lessons from a product life cycle model. Technovation, 23(4), 281-290.
Wilson, R. M. S. & Gilligan, C. (1997). Strategic Marketing Management: Planning, Implementation, and Control. Boston, M.A.: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Winer, R. S. (2000). Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Wong, H. K. & Ellis, P. D. (2007). Is market orientation affected by the product life cycle? Journal of World Business, 42(2), 145-156.
Wu, W. W. (2008). Choosing knowledge management strategies by using a combined ANP and DEMATEL approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 35(3), 828-835.
Zikmund, W. G. & d'Amico, M. (1999). Marketing (12nd ed.). Cincinnati, O.H.: South-Western College Publishing.