本研究目的在比較不同體型之國小高年級男童身體活動量的差異，並探討三軸向身體活動量測量器（RT3）與身體活動記錄表所得結果之相關性。本研究以85位國小高年級男童(年齡11.84±0.57歲，體重45.5±11.6公斤)為研究對象，並以身體質量指數分為非過重組(n=52)及過重組(n=33)，本研究採用24小時身體活動記錄表記錄所有受試者之兩日身體活動量(其中一日包含一節體育課)，再分別於兩組中各徵求31位男童，於填寫紀錄表同時配帶三軸向身體活動量測量器(RT3)紀錄身體活動量。其中身體活動紀錄表以獨立樣本t考驗比較兩組整日和在校期間之身體活動量及不同運動強度(久坐、輕度、中度及重度運動)之差異，另以RT3紀錄所得比較兩組於校八小時期間、下課時間及體育課之身體活動量及不同運動強度之差異，之後以皮爾遜積差相關法考驗兩種不同身體活動量測量方法於在校期間身體活動量之相關性。研究結果：非過重組以身體活動紀錄表所量測之整日(41.0±4.7 vs. 38.4±2.8Kcal)、在校期間(17.5±2.1 vs. 15.5±1.4 Kcal)身體活動量皆顯著高於過重男童 (ｐ< .05)，且非過重組於整日(39.7±38.1 vs. 12.6±19.17min)和在校期間(26.7±16.2 vs. 10.6±12.2min)之重度運動時間均顯著多於過重組(ｐ< .05)，久坐時間均顯著少於過重組(整日: 1204.7±68.1 vs. 1233.2±54.3min；在校期間: 361.3±38.1 vs. 389.2±29min)(ｐ< .05)。另外，RT3紀錄顯示非過重男童於在校期間(21.9±3.1 vs. 15.7±2.1 Kcal)、下課時間(6.6±1.7 vs. 4.2±1 Kcal)及體育課(3.9±1.2 vs. 2.4±0.7 Kcal)身體活動量皆顯著高於過重男童(ｐ< .05)；而非過重組之中、重度運動於在校期間(中度: 17.3±8.5 vs. 8.2±4.5min；重度: 14.1±10.7 vs. 6.2±7.1min)、下課時間(中度: 9.3±5.9 vs. 4.0±3.3min；重度: 8.0±7.2 vs. 3.4±4.9min)及體育課(中度: 8.4±6.4 vs. 2.9±3.1min；重度: 6.7±6.4 vs. 2.0±3.0min)皆顯著高於過重組(ｐ< .05)，久坐時間於在校期間(365.2±28 vs. 399.8±20.8min)、下課時間(30.9±18.4 vs. 48.3±13.5min)及體育課(8.4±11.0vs. 15.2±10.9min)則顯著低於過重組 (ｐ< .05) 。最後，RT3及身體活動量測量器測量學童在校期間身體活動量之結果呈高度正相關（r=0.704，p<.01）。結論：國小體型過重男學童整日、在校期間、下課時間及體育課之身體活動量皆低於非過重男童，過重男童亦較少從事中、重度身體活動。

The purposes of this study were to compare the differences of physical activity (PA) between different body type of high grade elementary boys, and to investigate the relevance of two different measurements, RT3 TRI-AXIAL accelerometer(RT3) and PA record. Eighty- five elementary boys were recruited as the subject (age 11.84 ± 0.57 years-old, weight 45.5 ± 11.6 kg), and the Body Mass Index(BMI) was used to determine the overweight (n=52) and non- overweight group (n=33). The 24 hrs PA record to record was used to measure PA level of all subject during two days (include one day with physical education class(PE)). Additionally, 31 boys of two groups volunteered to wear RT3 to record PA level. For PA record, The collected date of PA record were analyzed with t-test to compare the differences of PA level and different exercise intensity (sedentary, light(LPA), moderate(MPA), and vigorous(VPA) physical activity) of whole day and school-time between two groups. Moreover, the collected date of RT3 were used to compared the differences of PA level and different exercise intensity of two groups during 8 hrs at school, recess time and PE class, and also examined the relevance of two different measurements using Pearson product-moment correlation. Results: The PA level of whole day(41.0±4.7 vs. 38.4±2.8 Kcal) and school-time(17.5 ± 2.1 vs. 15.5 ± 1.4 Kcal) by PA record in non-overweight (NOG) significantly higher than overweight (OG) group (p< .05). The duration of vigorous PA of whole day (39.7 ± 38.1 vs. 12.6 ± 19.17 min) and school-time (26.7 ± 16.2 vs. 10.6 ± 12.2 min) for NOG is also significantly higher than OG (p< .05). Sedentary time of NOG from RT3 measure is also significantly shorter than that of OG (whole day: 1204.7 ± 68.1 vs. 1233.2 ± 54.3 min; school-time: 361.3 ± 38.1 vs. 389.2 ± 29 min) (p< .05). As energy expenditure, RT3 PA of school-time (21.9 ± 3.1 vs. 15.7 ± 2.1 Kcal), recess time(6.6±1.7 vs. 4.2 ± 1 Kcal) and PE class(3.9 ± 1.2 vs. 2.4 ± 0.7 Kcal) of NOG are significantly higher than those of OG. (p< .05). The MPA and VPA level of NOG school-time (MPA: 17.3±8.5 vs. 8.2±4.5min; VPA: 14.1±10.7 vs. 6.2±7.1min), recess time(MPA: 9.3±5.9 vs. 4.0±3.3min; VPA: 8.0±7.2 vs. 3.4±4.9min) and PE class(MPA: 8.4±6.4 vs. 2.9±3.1min; VPA: 6.7±6.4 vs. 2.0±3.0min) are significantly higher than those of OG. On the contrary, the sedentary time of NOG (school-time: 365.2±28 vs. 399.8±20.8min; recess time: 30.9±18.4 vs. 48.3±13.5min; PE class: 8.4±11.0vs. 15.2±10.9min) is significantly lower than those of OG.(p< .05). Lastly, significant correlation of PA outcomes was noted between RT3 and PA record (r=0.704, p<.01). Conclusion: The PA levels of whole day, school-time, recess time and PE of OG are less than those of NOG. The OG students are also engage in less MPA and VPA.

一、中文部份
丁文貞（2001）。肥胖與非肥胖國小學童身體活動量與健康體適能之研究。未出版碩士論文，國立體育學院，桃園縣。
方進隆（1993）。健康體能的理論與實際。臺北市：漢文。
王淑玲（2005）。比較坐式與非坐式工作型態婦女身體活動量及心血管疾病危險因子。未出版碩士論文，臺北醫學大學，臺北市。
行政院衛生署（2003）。國小學童國民營養健康狀況變遷調查1999-2000調查結果」。台灣國小學童肥胖及其相關合併症流行病學。2008年11月8日取自http://food.doh.gov.tw/Academic3_2.asp?idCategory=93.
行政院衛生署（2007）。肥胖防治要從小紮根。2008年11月5日自http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/SEARCH_RESULT.aspx
呂昌明、林旭龍、黃奕清、李明憲、王淑芳（2000）。身體活動自我報告量表之效度及信度的研究－以Polar Vantage NV 心搏率監測器為效標。衛生教育學報，14，33-48。
呂昌明、林旭龍、黃奕清、李明憲、王淑芳（2001）。身體活動自我報告量表之效度及信度的研究－以TriTrac-R3D三度空間加速器為效標。衛生教育學報，10，95-111。
李明憲、呂昌明、林旭龍（2002）。四種簡易身體活動測量問卷效度、信度之探討：以RT3 Tri-axial三度空間加速器為效標。衛生教育學報，17，1-14。
李佳諭（2007）。發展協調障礙兒童身體活動量之分析。未出版碩士論文，國立台灣體育大學，桃園縣。
李振鴻（2004）。腦性痲痺學生在校身體動量的影響因素探討。未出版碩士論文，國立陽明大學，臺北市。
宋季玲（2007）。成年女學生運動行為與睡眠品質、生活品質相關性探討。未出版碩士論文，長榮大學，臺南市。
林旭龍（1999）。應用跨理論模式於大學女生身體活動之主客觀評價的研究。未出版博士論文，國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
林孟輝（2004）。台南市國小學童身體活動量與健康體適能相關之研究。未出版碩士論文，國立臺南大學，臺南市。
吳佩穎（2007）。特殊教育學校智能障礙學生的身體組成及影響因子探討：以一所國立特教學校為例。未出版碩士論文，國立陽明大學，臺北市。
沈淑鳳（2007）。RT3 Triaxial+對身體活動測量之應用。大專體育雙月刊，92，36-40。
邱靖雯、張碧真（2005）。兒童及青少年的身體活動評估。新臺北護理期刊，7(2)，1-12。
周桂英（2004）。台北縣高中、高職學生身體活動量與健康體適能之研究。未出版碩士論文，國立體育學院，桃園縣。
許惠玉（2002）。台北市兒童體位、飲食行為與家長營養知識、行為及飲食教養之關係。未出版碩士論文，臺北醫學大學，臺北市。
陳門牽（2007）。國小學童下課時間身體活動及其促進方法。中華體育季刊，22(1)，26-34。
陳門牽（2007）。國小學童下課時間身體活動類型與影響因素的年齡與性別差異。未出版碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
陳敏弘、蘇蕙芬（2007）。評估兒童身體活動方法之探討。大專體育雙月刊，88，193-198。
陳毓君（2004）。連續性與間歇性行走運動之能量消耗型情形﹣三度空間加速規與實測耗氧量。未出版碩士論文，國立體育學院，桃園縣。
陳麗玉（2001）。運動介入及飲食教育對肥胖兒童健康體能與血脂值影響之研究。體育學報，30，267-277。
游素玲、陳偉德、張美惠（2000）。兒童之肥胖問題之對策。國家衛生研究院第一期文獻成果討論報告書，2，60。
郭家驊、陳九州、陳志忠（2000）。運動與肥胖專論。北體學報，7，180-192。
黃上芙(2005)。影響國小學童體位因素之相關研究-以台北市國小高年級學童為例。未出版碩士論文，國立台北護理學院，臺北市。
黃秀玫（2007）。過重、肥胖與正常體位學齡期兒童課後靜態活動之比較。未出版碩士論文，臺北醫學大學，臺北市。
黃頂翔（2007）。國小高年級學童身體活動量及相關因素之研究。未出版碩士論文，國立臺北教育大學，臺北市。
教育部-體育司（2003）。健康體位-推動中小學生健康體位五年計畫。2008年11月5日取自http://140.122.72.62/project/index
教育部-體育司（2003）。推動中小學生健康體位五年計畫之一-建立中小學生身體活動量指引共識。2008年11月5日取自http://140.122.72.62/historyfile/建立中小學生身體活動量指引共識93年度結案報告.doc
董芸（2006）。臺北市松山區國小學童身體活動時數與自覺身體狀況之調查研究。未出版碩士論文，臺北市立教育大學，臺北市。
張曉亭、鍾曉雲（2002）。肥胖兒童之判定與危險疾病。大專體育雙月刊，60，164-168。
葉入綺（2006）。癌症兒童住院化療期間的症狀群與身體活動的關係。未出版碩士論文，國立成功大學，臺南市。
國家衛生研究院（2001）。第二期文獻回顧研析計畫報告書。
趙麗雲（2008）。台灣兒童及青少年體重過重與肥胖問題之綜評。中華體育季刊，22(1)，34-46。
劉影梅、張博論（2007）。推動中小學生健康體位五年計畫三之一:台灣中小學健康體位現況及促進行為指標監測。台北：教育部。
劉又慈（2003）。連續性與間歇性行走運動之能量消耗情形-三度空間加速規與實測耗氧量。未出版碩士論文，國立體育學院，桃園縣。
劉明賜（2003）。不同體型的五股國小學童之身體活動量與規律運動習慣之調查研究。未出版碩士論文，國立台北師範學院，臺北市。
賴美淑(2000)。兒童之肥胖問題與策略。未出版碩士論文，國立體育學院教練研究所，桃園縣。
鐘曉雲、吳從貴（2001）。體能訓練及飲食控制對肥胖學童健康體適能之影響。大專體育雙月刊，56，124-128。
二、英文部份
American College of Sports Medicine (2000). ACSM’S Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (6th ed). Baltimore：Williams and Wilkins.
Armstrong, N., & Van Mechelen, W. (1998). Young and active? Young people and health enhancing physical activity: Evidence and implications. Health Education Authority, 69-97.
Biddle, S., Gorely, T., & Stensel, D. (2004). Health-enhancing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 22, 1,679-701.
Biddle, S., Sallis, J., & Cavill, N. (1998). Young and active? Young people and health-enhancing physical activity—evidence and implications. London: Health Education Authority, 1.
Blair, S. N., Haskell, W.L., Ho, P., Paffenbarger, R.S. Jr., Vranizan, K.M., Farquhar, J.W., & Wood, P.D. (1985). Assessment of habitual physical activity by a seven day recall in a community survey and controlled experiments. American Journal of Epidemiology, 122(5), 794-804.
Blair, S. N., Kampert, J. B., Kohl, H. W., Barlow, C. E., Macera, C. A., & Paffenbarger, R. S. J. (1996). Influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in man and women. Journal of the American Medical Association, 276, 205-210.
Boreham, C., Twisk, J., Neville, C., Savage, M., Murray, L., & Gallager, A. (2002). Associations between physical fitness and activity patterns during adolescence and cardiovascular risk factors in young adulthood. The Nothern Ireland Young Hearts Project. Journal of Sports Medicine, 23.
Bouchard, C., & Shephard, R. (1994). Physical activity, fitness, and health: The model and key concepts. Physical activity, fitness, and health- international proceedings and consensus statement, 77-88.
Bouchard, C., Tremblay, A., Leblanc, C., Lortie, G., Savard, R., & Theriault, G. (1983). A method to assess energy expenditure in children and adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 37, 461-467.
Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Report, 2, 126-131.
Cavill, N., Biddle, S., & Sallis, J. (2001). Enhancing physical activity to young people: Statement of the United Kingdom Expert Consensus conference. Pediatric Science, 13, 12-25.
Chu, E. Y. W., McManus, A., & M., Y. C. W. (2007). Calibration of the RT3 Accelerometer for Ambulation and Nonambulation in Children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 11, 2085-8091.
Coleman, K. J., Saelens, B. E., Wiedrich-Smith, M. D., Finn, J. D., & Epstein, L. H. (1997). Relationships between TriTrac-R3D vectors, heart rate and self-report in obese children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 11, 1535-1542.
Coopei, A. R., Page, A. S., Fostar, L. J., & Qahwaji, D. (2003). Commuting to school: Are children who walk more physically active? American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25, 273-276.
Dale, D., Corbin, C. B., & Dale, K. S. (2000). Restricting opportunities to be active during school time: Do children compensate by increasing physical activity levels after school? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71(3), 240-248.
Dennison, B. A., Straus, J. H., Mellits, E. D., & Charney, E. (1988). Childhood physical fitness tests：Predictor of adult physical actuvuty levels? Pediatrics, 82, 324-330.
Durante, R., & Ainsworth, B. E. (1996). The recall of physical activity: Using a cognitive model of the question-answering process. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28(10), 1282-1291.
Eston, R. G., Rowland, A. V., & Ingledew, D. K. (1998). Validity of heart rate, pedometry, and accelerometry for predicting the energy cost of children's activities. Journal of Applied Physiology, 84, 362-371.
Eston, R. G., Rowlands, A. V., & Thomas, P. W. M. (2004). Validation of the RT3 Triaxial Accelerometer for the Assessment of Physical Activity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(3), 518-524.
Fulton, J. E., Masse, L.C., Tortolero, S.R., Watson, K.B., Heesch, K.C., Kohl, H.W., Blair, S.N., & Caspersen, C. J. (2001). Field evaluation of energy expenditure from continuous and intermittent walking in women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(1), 163-70.
Gortmarker, S. L., Must, A., Perrin, J., Sobol, A. M., & Dietz, W. H. (1993). Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adultooh. New England Journal of Medicine, 329(14), 1008-1112.
Hasselstrom, H., Hansen, S., Froberg, K., & Andersen, L. (2002). Physical fitness and physical activity during adolescence as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in young adulthood. Danish Youth and Sports Study. An eight-year follow-up study. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(2), 27-31.
Janssen, I., Craig, W. M., Boyce, W. F., & Pickett, W. (2004). Associations between overweight and obesity with bullying behaviors in school-aged children. Pediatrics, 113(5), 1187-1194.
King, G. A., Potter, C., & Torres, N. (2004). Comparison of Activity Monitors to Estimate Energy Cost of Treadmill Exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(7), 1244-1251.
Kraft, R. E. (1989). Children at play; behaviour of children at recess. Jour- nal of Physical Education,Recreation,and Dance, 60, 21-24.
Kriska, A., & Caspersen, C. (1997). Introduction to a collection of physical activity
questionnaires. Medicine & Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, s5-s9.
Laporte, R. E., Montoye, H. J., & Caspersen, C. J. (1985). Assessment of physical activity in epidemiologic research: problems and prospects. Public Health Report, 100, 131-146.
Lemmer, J.T., Ivey, F.M., Ryan, A.S., Martel, G.F., Hurlbut, D.E., Metter, J.E., Fozard, J.L., Fleg, J.L., & Hurley, B.F. (2001). Effect of strength training on resting metabolic rate and physical activity: age and gender comparisons. Medicine & Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(4), 532-41.
Lopes, V., Vasques, C., Pereira, M., & Malina, J. (2006). Physical Activity Patterns During School Recess: A Study in Children 6 to 10 Years Old. International Electronic Journal of Health Education, 9, 192-201.
Luepker, R. V. (1999). How physical active are American children and what can we do about it. International Journal of Obesity, 23(2), 12-17.
Malanson, E. L., & Freedson, P. S. (1996). Physical activity assessment: A review of method. Critical Review in Food Science and Nutrition, 36, 385-396.
Marsha, D., Barbara, E. A., Chery, L. A., Ruth, S., & William, R. (2001). Environmental influences, physical activity, and weight status in 8- to 16-year-olds. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 155(6), 711-777.
McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2000). Essentials of exercise physiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Miller, D. J., Freedson, P., & Kline, G. (1994). Comparison of activity levels using the Caltrac(R) accelerometer and five questionnaires. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26(3), 376-382.
Miller, W. W., Freedson, D. J. P. S., & Kline, G. M. (1994). Comparison of activity levels using the Caltrac(R) accelerometer and five questionnaires. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26, 376-382.
Nader, P. R. (2003). Frequency and intensity of activity of third-grade children in physical education. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 157, 185-190.
Nichols, J. F., Morgan, C. G., Sarkin, J. A., Sallis, J. F., & Calfas, K. J. (1999). Validity, reliability and calibration of the Tritrac accelerometer as a measure of physical activity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 908-912.
Powell, S., Jones, D. I., & Rowlands, A. V. (2003). Technical variability of the RT3 accelerometer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(10), 1773-1778.
Riddoch, C.J., Mattocks, C., Deere, K., Saunders, J., Kirkby, J., Tilling, K., Leary, S.D., Blair, S.N., & Ness, A.R. (2007). Objective measurement of levels and patterns of physical activity. Archives of Disease in Childhood , 92, 963-969.
Ridgers, N. D., Stratton, G., & Fairclough, S. J. (2004). Assessing physical activity during recess using accelerometry. Preventive Medicine, 41, 102-107.
Ridgers, N. D., Stratton, G., Fairclough, S. J., & Twisk, J. W. (2007). Children's physical activity levels during school recess: a quasi-experimental intervention study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 4-19.
Ridgers, N. D., Stratton, G., & Farclouoh, S. J. (2003). Assessing physical activity during recess using accelerometry. Preventive Medicine, 41, 102-107.
Rowland, T. W. (1998). The biological basis of physical activity. Medicine and Science in Sports & Exercise, 30, 392-399.
Rowlands, A., Ingledew, D. K., & Eston, R. G. (2000). The effect of type of physical activity measure on the relationship between body fatness and habitual physical activity in children: A meta-analysis. Annals of Human Biology, 27(5), 479-497.
Rowlands, A., Thomas, P., Eston, R., & Topping, R. (2004). Validation of the RT3 triaxial accelerometer for the assessment of physical activity. Medicine & Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(3), 518-524.
Sallis, J. F., & Patrick, K. (1994). Physical activity guidelines for adolescents: Consensus statement. Pediatric Exercise Scince, 6, 302-314.
Schmide, G. J., Walkuski, J. J., & Stensel, D. J. (1998). The Singapore Youth coronary risk and physical activity study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(1), 105-113.
Scruggs, P. W., Beveridge, S. K., & Watson, D. L. (2003). Increasing children's school time physical activity using structured fitness breaks. Pediatric Exercise Science, 15, 156-169.
Sirard, J. R., & Pate, R. R. (2001). Physical activity assessment in children and adolescents. Sports Medicine, 31, 439-454.
Sirard, J. R., Riner, W. F. J., Mciver, K. L., & Pate, R. R. (2005). Physical activity and active commuting to elementary school. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37, 2062.
Stratton, G. (2000). Promoting children's physical activity in primary school: An intervention study using playground markings. Ergonomics, 43, 1538-1546.
Strong, W. B., Malina, R. M., Blimkie, C. J., Daniels, S. R., Dishman, R. K., Gutin, B., Hergenroeder, A. C., Must, A., Nixon, P. A., Pivarnik, J. M., Rowland, T., Trost, S., & Trudeau, F. (2005). Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. Journal of Pediatr, 146, 719–720.
Trolano, R. P., Berigan, D., Dodd, K. W., Masse, L. C., Tilert, T., & Mcdowell, M. (2008). Physical Activity in the United States Measured by Accelerometer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(1), 181-188.
Trost, S., Kerr, L., Ward, D., & Pate, R. (2001). Physical activity and determinates of physical activity in obese and non-obese children. International Journal of Obesity, 25, 822-829.
Twisk, J. W., Kemper, H. C., & Mechelen, W. (2000). Trackong of activity and fitness and the relationship with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 1455-1461.
Verstraete, S., Cardon, G., Clercq, D., & Bourdeaudhuil, D. D. I. (2006). Increasing children's physical activity levels during recess in elementary schools: the effects of providing game equipment. The European Journal of Public Health, 16(4), 415-419.
Ward, D.S., Trost, S.G., Felton, G., Saunders, R., Parsons, M.A., Dowda, M., & Pate, R.R. (1997). Physical activity and physical fitness in African-American girl with and without obesity. Obesity Research, 5, 572-577.
Welk, Gregory, J., Corbin, & Charles, B. (1995). The validity of the Tritrac-R3D activity monitor for the assessment of physical activity in children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 66(3), 202-209.
Welk, G. J. (2002). Physical activity assessments for health-related reseatch. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Wickel, E. E., & Eisenmann, J. C. (2007). Contribution of Youth Sport to Total Daily Physical Activity among 6- to 12-yr-old Boys. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(9), 1493-1500.

World Health Organization. (2000). Obesity: Preventing and managing global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation on obesity. Geneva 3-5 June