1920年史特拉溫斯基的舞劇《普欽內拉》在巴黎歌劇院首演，這是他與馬辛、畢卡索，以及狄亞格烈夫所帶領的俄國舞團共同精心製作的作品。透過他們在1917-1918年間幾次的義大利參訪中，《普欽內拉》的想法逐漸成形。這部舞劇最核心的理念是要復興義大利即興喜劇，在某一方面也是響應世界大戰後的藝術復興潮流，而史特拉溫斯基也藉由這部作品開啟了他往後新古典主義的發展。

《普欽內拉》的音樂是史特拉溫斯基從裴哥雷西與幾位十八世紀作曲家的作品改編而來的，其中包含了20首樂曲。史特拉溫斯基將這20首樂曲改編並串連起來，成為全長35分鐘的舞劇音樂。《普欽內拉》的成功讓史特拉溫斯基陸續將這首作品改寫成各種音樂會形式的版本，其中最著名的就是《義大利組曲》。

本論文主要為《普欽內拉》的音樂研究，但為了理解整個舞劇音樂的創作過程與理念，在前半部除了介紹史特拉溫斯基與狄亞格烈夫外，還是會談到美術與舞蹈的製作背景；而後半部會先從原著手稿開始進行研究，繼而將《普欽內拉》與原著從音樂語法、管弦樂與聲樂的角度進行比對分析。最後，筆者希望藉由此論文，能讓讀者更能理解《普欽內拉》的音樂內涵。

The ballet “Pulcinella” by Igor Stravinsky premiered at the Paris Opera in 1920. It is an elaborative work that Stravinsky collaborated with Léonide Massine, Pablo Picasso, and
the Ballets Russes led by Sergei Diaghilev. Inspired by the visit to Italy during 1917-1918, the idea of “Pulcinella” was gradually forming among them. The core concept of this ballet was to revive Commedia dell'arte. To a certain degree, this piece not only corresponded to the trend of the revival in Art after World War I , but also helped Stravinsky’s development in Neo-Classicism.

The music in “Pulcinella” was adapted from Pergolesi and some 18th century composers’ works. It contained 20 pieces of music in total, Stravinsky put them in series and made these 20 pieces into a 35-minutes long ballet music. He rearranged the music into various versions of concert pieces due to the big success of “Pulcinella”, the most famous one is “Suite Italienne”

The main focus in this dissertation would be the music of “Pulcinella.” In order to understand the whole creative process and concept of the Ballet Music “Pulcinella”, the author would introduce the life of Stravinsky and Diaghilev, then talk about the background of art and dance making in this ballet in the first half of the paper. The second half would start with the research on the original musical source, and further more compare the original text of " Pulcinella " with the original script, and try to analyze from the perspectives of music musical syntax, orchestral and vocal angles. In conclusion, the author hopes that through reading this dissertation, readers will have a better understanding of the musical connotation of "Pulcinella".

一、外文資料

Charles M. Joseph. Stravinsky’s Ballets. Yale University Press,2011.

Donald Jay Grout. A History of Western Music (Ninth Edition) .New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2014.

Eric Salzman.Twentieth-Century Music An Intruduction. Prentice Hall/a Division of Simon & Schuster, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.1988.

Eric Walter. Stravinsky The Composer and his Work. University of California Press,1979 (second esition).

Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia ,Volume 22. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2008

Fernau Hall. An anatomy of ballet. London: Andrew Melrose,1953.

Igor Stravinsky. Poetics of Music. Harvard University Press.2003(Sixteenth printing).

Jeanne Chenault Porter. “The Naples Pulcinella: Mask and Mirror” in Stravinsky's Pulcinella: A Facsimile of the Sources and Sketches..A-R Editions,Inc.2010.

John Percival. The World of Diaghilev. New York: Harmony Books,1979.

John Rudlin.Commedia dell’Arte An Actor’s Handbook , London :Routledge,1994.

Jonathan Cross. The Stravinsky Legacy. Cambridge University Press,1998.pp.81-82.

Kenneth Richards and Laura Richards. The Commedia dell’Arte: A Documentary History.UK: Basil Blackwell,1990.

Lynn Garafola. Diaghilev’s Ballets russes. New York : Oxford University Press, 1989.

Lynne Rogers. “Dissociation in Stravinsky's Russian and Neoclassical Music”. International Journal of Musicology Vol. 1. Peter Lang AG ,1992.

Lynn Garafola.”Leonide Massine’s Pulcinella: In Quest of an Alternative Classicism”. in Stravinsky’s Pulcinella: A Facsimile of the Sources and Sketches .A-R Editions, Inc.2010.

Léonide Massine. My Life in Ballet. Macmillan, 1968.

Mikhail Druskin. Igor ,Stavinsky:his life,his works and views. Cambridge University Press.1983.

Mel Gordon. Lazzi: The Comic Routines of the Commedia dell’Arte. New York: PAJ, 1983.

Maurice Sand. The History of the Harlequinade. London: Martin Secker,1915.

Maureen A. Carr. After the Rite: Stravinsky's Path to Neoclassicism (1914-1925). Oxford University Press, 2014.

Richard Buckle. Diaghilev. New York : Atheneum, 1984.

Robert Craf. Expositions and Developments. New York,1962

Richard Taruskin. Stravinsky and the Russian Traditions, Volume Two: A Biography of the Works Through Mavra Univ of California Press, 2016.p.464

Serge Lifar. Serge Diaghilev: his life, his work ,his legend. London : Putnam, 1940.

S. L. Grigorʹev. The Diaghilev ballet, 1909-1929. Harmondsworth, Middlesex : Penguin, 1960.

Vicente García-Márquez .Massine: A Biography. Knopf, 1995 .

二、中文資料

于平。《舞蹈欣賞》。臺北市:五南，2002。

吳佩俞。《史特拉汶斯基新古典主義時期之創作發展歷程-----中大型器樂作品中的線性手 法》。國立臺灣大學音樂學研究所碩士論文，2005。

吳奕芳。〈《藝術世界》雜誌及其組織對於俄羅斯藝術現象之影響〉。美育第170期，2009。

林湘寧。德布西與狄亞基列夫的「俄國舞團」。台北:東吳大學碩士論文，2003。

施寄青。《春天加冕: 史特拉汶斯基》。北辰文化，1988。

楊沛仁。《音樂史與欣賞》。台北:美樂出版社，2001。

彭宇薰。《藝術•文化•跨界觀點:史特拉汶斯基的音樂啟示錄》。台北:華滋出版；信實文化 行銷，2016。

德魯斯金。《斯特拉文斯基傳∶性格·創作·觀點》。東方出版社，2002。

羅伯特‧克拉夫特。李毓榛譯。《史特拉汶斯基訪談錄》。東方出版社，2004。

羅伯特‧摩根。陳鴻鋒等譯。《二十世紀音樂:現代歐美音樂風格史》。上海音樂出版社， 2014。

謝爾蓋•利發東。焦東建譯。《佳吉列夫傳》。北京:東方出版社，2001。

三、樂譜

Igor Stravinsky.Pulcinella :ballet in one act for small orchestra with three solo voices. London ; New York : Boosey & Hawkes, [1987?], c1966.

Igor Stravinsky. Pulcinella. London: J. & W. Chester, 1920. Plate J.W.C. 9707.

Maureen A. Carr. After the Rite: Stravinsky's Path to Neoclassicism (1914-1925). Oxford University Press, 2014.

四、網路資料

劉一丁〈斯特拉文斯基《阿波羅》舞劇音樂探析〉《山東藝術學院學報》，2014，北京。 http://www.docin.com/p-1318068014.html。

鄧樹榮戲劇工作室專欄：並非「自說自話」 關於意大利即興喜劇（Commedia Dell’Arte）http://www.hkac.org.hk/tc/artslink.php?aid=397

國家教育研究院:「即興喜劇」。http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1293712/

維基百科(義大利版) 。https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte

Albert Dunning. “Wassenaer, Count Unico Wilhelm van”. in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press,accessed May,6,2019. https://reurl.cc/MyWn3

Anne MacNeil. “Commedia dell’arte” in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press,accessed Nov.,17,2018. https://reurl.cc/AgvAE

Arnold Whittall. “Neo-classicism” in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press,accessed January,15,2018. https://goo.gl/mc2jBy

Charles Cudworth. “Gallo, Domenico” in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, accessed May,6,2019. http://t.cn/EIlibwO

Don Neville. “Rondò “ in Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, accessed May 2, 2019. https://ppt.cc/fkl0xx

Helmut Hucke. “Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista” in Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, accessed May 2, 2019. http://t.cn/EIwweSS

Jack Westrup. “Da capo”. in Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, accessed May 2, 2019. https://reurl.cc/kyG83

Julian Rushton. “Hemiola”. in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Grove Music
Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press,accessed May,18,2019. https://reurl.cc/0a6e9

Mariangela Donà. “Monza, Carlo Ignazio” in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, accessed May,6,2019. https://reurl.cc/Wvzjx

Stephen Walsh. “Stravinsky, Igor (Fyodorovich)” in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press,accessed May,20,2017.http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/52818

https://www.flickr.com/photos/57440551@N03/11918662433/in/photostream/

https://www.loc.gov/collections/ballets-russes-de-serge-diaghilev/?fa=segmentof:ihas.200156 317.0/&sb=shelf-id&st=gallery

https://eohoppe.photoshelter.com/image/I0000IB74rl_uvlE

五、有聲資料

Igor Stravinsky.Pulcinella :a musical comedy for singers and dancers /music by Igor Stravinsky.[digital video disc].Hamburg, Germany : Deutsche Grammophon, c2006.