本研究主要探討將知識結構評量常用的引出方法應用於圖書館網站之資訊架構研究中，即分別使用知識結構引出方法中的相似性評定與傳統資訊架構研究者使用的卡片分類法，比較兩種方法所得之網站架構圖，對圖書館網站內部尋獲度之影響，並以國立臺灣師範大學圖書館作為研究個案。第一階段分別以卡片分類法與相似性評定作為知識結構引出方法，第二階段將兩種知識結構引出方法蒐集得到之資料分別以群集分析及徑路搜尋分析兩種知識結構表徵方法建立網站架構圖，以此兩階段不同的方法組合，期望找到可協助網站架構建置最佳的方法。
研究結果顯示第一階段兩種知識結構引出方法，對於網站尋獲度並無顯著差異，而第二階段兩種知識結構表徵方法則有顯著差異，特別是在同樣採用卡片分類法作為知識結構引出方法時，徑路搜尋分析會比群集分析獲得較好的網站尋獲度。
最後根據研究結果對現行之臺師大圖書館網站提出三點建議：一、設計符合使用者期待之網站資訊架構；二、考量使用者的分類概念設計網站資訊架構；三、從使用者的角度命名網站標籤。

Using the website of National Taiwan Normal University Library as a case study, which applied knowledge structure elicitation methods to information architecture, the purpose of this thesis explored effects on internal findability of websites. Specifically, the researcher compared the results from the two of the knowledge elicitation structure methods, similarity ratings and card sorting, the latter which is used by traditional information architects, then comparing the data of the website architecture diagrams generated from these two methods.
In the first phase, the researcher compared the similarity ratings with card sorting, as knowledge elicitation structure methods to collect data separately. As knowledge structure representation methods in the second phase, cluster analysis and pathfinder analysis were used to construct website architecture diagrams. Combining the two methods in order to find the most effective way facilitates the setup of websites.
The results revealed that there was no significant difference between the knowledge elicitation structure methods in terms of the internal findability in the first phase. However, there were significant differences between the two knowledge structure representation methods. Specifically under the condition of using card sorting as knowledge elicitation structure method, using pathfinder analysis as knowledge structure representation method retrieved better results of website internal findability. Finally, the researcher provided suggestions to the website of National Taiwan Normal University Library based on the experiment results: 1. Development the website information architecture based on users’ expectations. 2. Considerate the users’ categorization schema to design the website. 3. Naming the labels on the website from the users’ perspective.

Ahlstrom, V. & Allendoerfer, K. (2004). Information organization for a portal using a card-sorting technique. Retrieved May 14, 2012, from http://hf.tc.faa.gov/technotes/dot-faa-ct-tn04-31.pdf
Boulton, M. (2007). Card sorting. Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://v3.markboulton.co.uk/articles/detail/card_sorting_part_1/
Brophy, P. & Craven, J. (2007). Web accessibility. Library Trends, 55(4), 950-973.
Capra, M. G. (2005). Factor analysis of card sort data: an alternative to hierarchical cluster analysis. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49th Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Chen, C. & Czerwinski, M. (1998). From latent semantics to spatial hypertext: Integrated approach. HyperText, 98, Pittsburgh, USA, 77-86.
Chen, C. & Morris, S. (2003). Visualizing evolving networks: Minimum spanning trees versus Pathfinder Networks. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (pp. 67-74). Seattle, WA.
Clariana, R. B. & Wallace, P. (2005). A comparison of pair-wise, list-wise, and clustering approaches for eliciting structural knowledge. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Cooke, N. J. (1999) Knowledge elicitation. In F. T. Durso.(Ed.), Handbook of applied cognition (pp. 479-509). UK: Wiley.
Cooke, N. J., Durso, F. T., & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1986). Recall and measures of memory organization. Journal of Experimental: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 12, 538-549.
Cooke, N. M., & McDonald, J. E. (1987). The application of psychological scaling techniques to knowledge elicitation for knowledge-based systems. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 26, 533-550.
Courage, C. & Baxter, K. (2004). Understanding your users: A practical guide to user requirements methods, tools, and techniques. San Fransisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.

Coxon, A. P. M. (1999). Sorting data: collection and analysis. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Dearholt, D. W. & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1990). Properities of pathfinder networks. In R. W. Schvaneveldt (Ed.), Pathfinder associative networks: Studies in knowledge organization (pp. 1-30). NJ: Ablex.
Deaton, M. (2002). Sorting techniques for user-centered information design. Retrieved May 21, 2012, from http://www.mmdeaton.com/SortingTechniquesforInformationDesign.pdf
Dickstein, R. & Mills, V. (2000). Usability testing at the university of arizona library: How to let users in on the design. Information technology and libraries, 19(3), 144-150.
Durso, F. T. & Coggins, K. A. (1990). Graphs in the social and psychological sciences: Empirical contributions of pathfinder. In R. W. Schvaneveldt (Ed.), Pathfinder associative networks: Studies in knowledge organization (pp. 31-52). NJ: Ablex.
Fincher, S. & Tenenberg, J. (2005). Making sense of card sorting data. Expert Systems, 22(3), 89-93.
Fox, R. (2008). Weaving the digital library web. OCLC Systems & Services, 24(1), 8-17.
Fuccella, J. & Pizzolato, J. (1998). Creating Web Site Designs Based on User Expectations and Feedback. Retrieved May 24, 2012, from http://internettg.org/newsletter/june98/web_design.html
Fuccella, J. (1997). Using user centered design methods to create and design usable web sites. Paper presented at the 15th Annual International Conference on Computer Documentation, New York.
Goldsmith, T. E., Johnson, P. J., & Acton, W. H. (1991). Assessing structural knowledge. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(1), 88-96.
Hahsler, M. & Simon, B. (2001). User-centered navigation re-design for web-based information systems. Retrieved May 24, 2012, from http://michael.hahsler.net/research/webdesign_amcis2000/TT04-11_final.pdf
Hawley, M. (2008). Extending card-sorting techniques to inform the design of web site hierarchies. Retrieved May 21, 2012, from http://www.uxmatters.com/MT/archives/000332.php
Hinkle, V. (2008). Card-sorting: What you need to know about analyzing and interpreting card sorting results. Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://www.surl.org/usabilitynews/102/cardsort.asp
Hudson, W. (2005). Playing your cards right: getting the most from card sorting for navigation design. Interactions, 12, 56-58.
Interlink (2004): The Knowledge Network Organizing Tool (KNOT) Software. http://interlinkinc.net/KNOT.html (visited 10/11/04)
Jonassen, D. H., Beissner, K., & Yacci, M. (1993). Structural knowledge: Techniques for representing, conveying, and acquiring structural knowledge. NJ: LEA.
Kaufman, J. (2006). Card sorting: An inexpensive and practical usability technique. Retrieved May 23, 2012, from http://unraveled.com/publications/assets/card_sorting/Card_Sorting-Kaufman.pdf
Kuk, G., Wood, D., & Copeland, L. (1995). Using pathfinder networks to distinguish conflict incidents. Paper presented at the meeting of the Audio-Recordings of NHS Management Team, University of Sheffield, UK.
Maiden, N. A. M. & Hare, M. (1998). Problem domain categories in requirements engineering International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 49(3), 281-304.
Martin, S. & Kidwell, D. K. (2001). A case study in cluster analysis for intranet organization. 2nd International Workshop on Engineering Management for Applied Technology, 57-64.
McGriff, S. J. & Van Meter, P. (2001). Measuring cognitive structure: An overview of pathfinder networks and semantic networks. Unpublished manuscript, Pennsylvania State University at PA.
McNamara , D. S. & O’Reilly , T. (2004): Learning: knowledge representation , organization, and acquisition. Unpublished manuscript, Old Dominion University at VA.
Mitchell, A. A. & Chi, M.T. (1984). Measuring knowledge within a domain. In P. Nagy (Ed.), The representation of cognitive structure (pp. 85-109). Toronto, Canada: ISE.
Morville, P. & Rosenfeld, L. (2006). Information Architecture for the World Wide Web (3 ed.). Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media.
National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2005). Euclidean distance. Retrieved May 21, 2012, from http://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/euclidndstnc.html
Nielsen, J. (2004). Card sorting: how many users to test. Retrieved May 24, 2012, from http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20040719.html
Paul, C. L. (2007). A modified delphi approach to a new card sorting methodology. Information Arts and Technologies University, Baltimore.
Robertson, J. (2001). Information design using card sorting. Retrieved May 24, 2012, from http://www.steptwo.com.au/papers/cardsorting/index.html
Rubin, D. C. (1990). Directed graphs as memory representations: The case of rhyme. In R. W. Schvaneveldt (Ed.). Pathfinder associative networks (pp.121-134). Norwood, NJ: Ablex
Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1990). Pathfinder associative networks: Studies in knowledge organization. NJ: Ablex.
Schvaneveldt, R. W., Durso, F. T. (1981). General semantic networks. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Philadelphia PA.
Selby, A. (1995). Why slopes and more Math: A calculus primer (Vol. 3). Quebec: Author.
Spencer, D. & Warfel, T. (2004). Card sorting: a definitive guide. Retrieved May 21, 2012, from http://www.boxesandarrows.com/view/card_sorting_a_definitive_guide
Tullis, T. & Wood, L. (2004). How many users are enough for a card-sorting study? . Retrieved May 25, 2012, from http://home.comcast.net/~tomtullis/publications/UPA2004CardSorting.pdf
Upchurch, L., Rugg, G., & Kitchenham, B. (2001). Using card sorts to elicit web page quality attributes. IEEE Software, 18(4), 84-89.
Wang, P., Hawk, W. B., & Tenopir, C. (2000). User’s interaction with world wide web resource: an exploratory study using a holistic approach. Information Processing and Management, 36(2), 232-236.
White, B. (2003). Web accessibility, mobility, and findability. In First Latin American Web Congress: proceedings: LA-WEB 2003, Santiago 2003 (pp. 239-240). Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE Computer Society.
Wittiger, L. & Ebermann, V. (n. d.). Card sorting, categorizing and labeling. Retrieved May 24, 2012, from http://incom.org/code/IW_upload/IW_50_85/Documentation/Card_Sorting.pdf
Wood, L. E., Wood, J. R. (2002). Web-based Card Sorting for Information Architecture. Florida, USA: The Usability Professionals Association 2002 Conference (UPA 2002).
Zimmerman, D. E. & Akerelrea, C. (2002). A group card sorting methodology for developing informational web sites. Retrieved May 24, 2012, from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=01049127
江淑卿、郭生玉（1997）。不同學習過程的概念構圖策略對促進知識結構專家化與理解能力之效果研究。師大學報：教育類，42 期，1-16 頁。
宋德忠、林世華、陳淑芬、張國恩（民87）：知識結構的測量－徑路搜尋法與概念構圖法的比較。教育心理學報，30（2），123-142。
邱亦秀（2000）。受試者特性對修正型德菲式卡片分類法成效影響之研究。未出版之碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學圖書資訊學研究所，台北市。
謝建成、楊慧婷（2012）。知識結構網絡表徵分析大學圖書館網站架構。圖書資訊學研究，6（2）。
未出版之碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學圖書資訊學研究所，台北市。
謝建成、丁依玲、陳慧倫（2011）。大學圖書館網站資訊尋獲度之研究。資訊管理學報，18（3），25-49。
謝建成、吳怡青（2010）。以修正型德菲式卡片分類法探討大學圖書館網站尋獲度之研究，教育資料與圖書館學，47（3），245-282。