本研究旨在探討職業安全衛生管理人員職場疲勞與復原力之研究，採取橫斷式調查，以職業安全衛生管理人員為研究對象，研究工具使用中文版職場疲勞量表及中文版Connor-Davidson復原力量表，並於2023年以方便取樣方式進行調查，共取得有效樣本569份。本研究結果與結論歸納如下：
一、職場疲勞總表平均分數49.68分，各分量表以工作過度投入得分較高，依序為個人疲勞、工作疲勞。復原力平均分數為65.34分，七項構面中，接受挑戰能力較高，依序為因應能力、個人目的性、適應能力、自我效能、情緒與認知調節能力，最後為樂觀度。
二、行業類別及工作區域對職場疲勞感受度無顯著差異性；性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、家庭子女數、運動習慣、吸菸習慣、飲酒習慣、工作年資、職稱、工作待遇(年薪)及工作內容對職場疲勞感受度上具有顯著差異性。
三、復原力整體表現上，年齡、婚姻狀況、家庭子女數、運動習慣、工作年資、職稱及工作待遇(年薪)在復原力具有顯著差異。在七項構面表中，皆會受到婚姻狀況、家庭子女數、運動習慣、工作年資及職稱的影響。
四、職場疲勞與復原力之間呈現顯著負相關，其中，職場疲勞的「工作過度投入」與「復原力」呈現顯著正相關，而工作過度投入與復原力之挑戰能力、因應能力、個人目的性三個分量表亦呈現顯著正相關。

This study aims to explore the burnout and resilience of occupational safety and health managers. It adopts a cross-sectional survey and takes occupational safety and health managers as the research subjects. The research tools use the Chinese version of the Occupational Burnout Inventory and the Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and conducted a survey using convenience sampling in 2023, and a total of 569 valid samples were obtained. The results and conclusions of this study were summarized as follows:
1.The average score of the total scale of burnout is 49.68 points. Among the three levels of burnout, over-commitment to work is the high grade, followed by personal burnout and work-related burnout. The average score of resilience is 65.34 points. Among the seven dimensions of resilience, the ability to hardiness is the best, followed in order by coping, meaningfulness, adaptability, self-efficacy, regulation of emotion and cognition, and finally optimism.
2.There is no significant difference in the perception of burnout between industry categories and working areas; gender, age, marital status, number of children in the family, exercise habits, smoking habits, drinking habits, working experience, professional title, job benefits (annual salary) and job content have no significant difference. There are significant differences in burnout perceptions.
3.In terms of the overall performance of resilience, age, marital status, number of children in the family, exercise habits, working years, professional titles and job benefits (annual salary) have significant differences in resilience. Among the seven facets, they will all be affected by marital status, number of children in the family, exercise habits, working experience and job title.
4.There is a significant negative correlation between burnout and resilience. Among them, "over-commitment to work" in burnout has a significant positive correlation with "resilience", while over-commitment to work and hardiness, coping, and meaningfulness. The three subscales also showed significant positive correlations.

一、中文部分
Shane J. Lopez(2016)。正向心理學:人類優勢的科學與實務探索中文第一版(曾文志譯)。雙葉書廊。(原著出版於2016年)
王松輝、王作仁、徐淑婷、王敏行(2017)。中文版 Connor-Davidson 復原力量表之信效度分析。社團法人台灣職業重建專業協會復健諮商，8 期，47-71。
呂碧鴻、高美英、陳秀蓉、王長偉(2011)。住院醫師工作疲勞與個人性格及因應型態的關連。醫學教育，15(1)，21-30。
李秀穗(2003)。職場疲勞。大專體育學術專刊，92年度(下)，225-237。
李佳倫、周汎澔、王秀紅(2017)。職場疲勞的概念分析。領導護理，18(2)，29-37。
李新民、陳密桃(2008)。職場希望信念與職場復原力、組織美德行為之潛在關聯：以幼兒教師為例。當代教育研究季刊，16(4)，155-198。
林元欽(2008)。職業安全衛生人員之工作壓力與疲勞之相關性探討。嘉南藥理大學職業安全衛生系產業安全衛生與防災碩士班碩士論文。
林宛蒨(2015)。護理人員職場疲勞、復原力及病人安全文化相關因素研究。國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系碩士論文。
洪瑞斌(2013)。職場疲勞研究在台灣之回顧與前瞻。人力資源管理學報，13(3)，107-140。
張明心、汝明麗(2021)。組織內口譯員工作滿意度、工作壓力與職場疲勞之初探研究。翻譯學研究集刊， 79-102。
張晏蓉、葉婉榆、陳春萬、陳秋蓉、石東生、鄭雅文(2007)。台灣受僱者疲勞的分布狀況與相關因素。台灣公共衛生雜誌，26(1)，75-87。
許佩婷(2018)。飛航服務人員職場疲勞、復原力與安全態度關係之研究-以臺北飛航情報區為例。國立臺灣師範大學社會教育學系碩士論文。
陳佳雯，許伊均，陸洛，吳詩涵(2012)。以復原力觀點探討女性主管的職業生涯歷程。彰化師大教育學報，(22)，51-71。
陳敦源、吳舜文、陳揚中、王光旭(2019)。從工作要求資源模式檢視公共衛生護理人員職場疲勞因素：以公共服務動機為調節變數。台灣公共衛生雜誌，38(5)，478-497。
勞動部(2022)。勞動力發展署技能檢定中心。https://www.wdasec.gov.tw/
勞動部(2021)。勞動部職類別薪資調查動態查詢。https://pswst.mol.gov.tw/psdn/
彭姝婷、江慧珠、陳進明、唐雲明(2021)。探討消防人員人口學特質、工作特性與職場疲勞之關係。中華職業醫學雜誌，28(1)，27-38。
湯家碩、葉婉榆、劉梅君、蔡宗宏、徐儆暉(2011)。台灣公私部門受僱者僱用方式和職場疲勞狀況的相關性。台灣公共衛生雜誌，30(3)，230-244。
黃一峯(2021)。基層警察工作滿足感與心理復原力之相關性研究。淡江大學公共行政學系公共政策碩士班碩士論文。
黃上驊(2020)。警察派出所長心理復原力之研究。中央警察大學警察政策研究所碩士論文。
黃政昌、陳慎平、林育甄、陳韋蓁、陳世偉(2022)。「職場疲勞心理評估」的內涵與方式之探討。諮商與輔導，第437期，第31-37頁。
黃開義、白凢芸、孫榮廷、張進煌(2009)。國小教師工作壓力、壓力因應方式與職場疲勞關係之研究。管理學術研討會，561-568。
楊雅琪、陳欣萍、賴永僚(2022)。臺中市幼教工作者職場疲勞對生活品質的影響。運動休閒餐旅研究，17(4)，42-55。
葉婉榆、鄭雅文、陳美如、邱文祥(2008)。職場疲勞狀況與工作過度投入之相關因素：以台北市36家職場受僱員工為例。台灣公共衛生雜誌，27(6)，463-477。
葉婉榆、鄭雅文、陳美如、邱文祥(2008)。職場疲勞量表的編製與信效度分析。台灣公共衛生雜誌，27卷5期，349-364。
董孟修(2019)。遊覽車司機工作困境與職場復原力歷程之研究。運輸學刊，31(1)，61-92。
鄒孟婷、黃偉新(2013)。社區職場之過勞相關因素分析及執行困難之探討。中華職業醫學雜誌，20(1)，25-38。
維基百科。馬斯拉赫倦怠量表（MBI）。https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslach_Burnout_Inventory
維基百科。職場疲勞。https://zh.wikipedia.org/zhtw/%E8%81%8C%E4%B8%9A%E5%80%A6%E6%80%A0
趙晉辰(2022)。職業安全衛生專責人員職場疲勞、工作滿意度與肌肉骨骼傷害之探討。國立雲林科技大學碩士班碩士論文。
鄭安雯、羅慶徽、林藍萍、許佩蓉、徐尚為、林金定(2011)。護理之家員工職場疲勞與自覺健康狀況之相關性：性別效應分析。臺灣老人保健學刊，7(2)，157-176。
鄭怡世、巫麗雪、劉幸宜(2017)。臺灣老人日間照顧服務從業人員職場疲勞之探究。社會政策與社會工作學刊，21(2)，1-53。
鄭雅文(2011)。職場疲勞問題因應策略。新社會政策，14，55-58。
鄭雅文、葉婉榆、林宜平(2007)。台灣職場疲勞問題的社會性。台灣公共衛生雜誌，26(4)，251-253。
黎士鳴、蔡宗延(2018)。青少年復原力團體之建構。臺灣教育評論月刊，7（7），68-74。
羅桂美(2002年12月31日)。再現飛歌－幾場歷史殘斷。敬仁勞工安全衛生雜誌。https://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/61815
二、英文部分
Angerer, J. M. (2003). Job burnout. Journal of employment counseling, 40(3), 98-107.
APA Dictionary of Psychology (2014). Resilience.
Armstrong, S. J., Porter, J. E., Larkins, J. A., & Mesagno, C. (2022). Burnout, stress and resilience of an Australian regional hospital during COVID-19: a longitudinal study. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 1115.
Azeem, S. M., & Nazir, N. A. (2008). A study of job burnout among university teachers. Psychology and Developing Societies, 20(1), 51-64.
Chen, S. Y., Yan, S. R., Zhao, W. W., Gao, Y., Zong, W., Bian, C., ... & Zhang, Y. H. (2022). The mediating and moderating role of psychological resilience between occupational stress and mental health of psychiatric nurses: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC psychiatry, 22(1), 823.
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). (2020). Scoring and Interpretation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC©).
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
Davidson, J. R. (2020). Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) © Manual. Davidson JRT. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) Manual. Unpublished. 01-01-23.
Egbuta, O. (2019). Occupational Health and Safety Management and Employee Resilience in Private Universities. Occupational Health and Safety, 10(12).
Fadare, O. O., Doucette, W. R., Gaither, C. A., Schommer, J. C., Arya, V., Bakken, B. K., ... & Witry, M. J. (2022). Exploring the moderating role of job resources in how job demands influence burnout and professional fulfillment among US pharmacists. Research in social and administrative pharmacy, 18(10), 3821-3830.
Gupta, P., & Srivastava, S. (2020). Work–life conflict and burnout among working women: a mediated moderated model of support and resilience. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(3), 629-655.
Hao, S., Hong, W., Xu, H., Zhou, L., & Xie, Z. (2015). Relationship between resilience, stress and burnout among civil servants in Beijing, China: Mediating and moderating effect analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 65-71.
Haslam, C., O’Hara, J., Kazi, A., Twumasi, R., & Haslam, R. (2016). Proactive occupational safety and health management: Promoting good health and good business. Safety science, 81, 99-108.
Havnen, A., Anyan, F., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., Gurigard Riksfjord, M., & Hagen, K. (2020). Resilience moderates negative outcome from stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A moderated-mediation approach. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(18), 6461.
Herrman, H., Stewart, D. E., Diaz-Granados, N., Berger, E. L., Jackson, B., & Yuen, T. (2011). What is resilience?. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(5), 258-265.
Hu, H. X., Liu, L. T., Zhao, F. J., Yao, Y. Y., Gao, Y. X., & Wang, G. R. (2015). Factors related to job burnout among community nurses in Changchun, China. Journal of Nursing Research, 23(3), 172-180.
Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, & Committee to Assess Training Needs for Occupational Safety and Health Personnel in the United States. (2000). Safe work in the 21st century: Education and training needs for the next decade's occupational safety and health personnel. National Academies Press.
Jackson-Jordan, E. A. (2013). Clergy burnout and resilience: A review of the literature. Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling, 67(1), 1-5.
Jakobsen, I. S., Madsen, L. M. R., Mau, M., Hjemdal, O., & Friborg, O. (2020). The relationship between resilience and loneliness elucidated by a Danish version of the resilience scale for adults. BMC psychology, 8(1), 1-10.
Jeon, G. S., You, S. J., Kim, M. G., Kim, Y. M., & Cho, S. I. (2019). Psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in Korean homecare workers for older adults. PLoS One, 14(8), e0221323.
Jung, Y. E., Min, J. A., Shin, A. Y., Han, S. Y., Lee, K. U., Kim, T. S., ... & Positiveness Research Team of Korea. (2012). The Korean version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale: an extended validation. Stress and Health, 28(4), 319-326.
Kavčič, T., Avsec, A., & Zager Kocjan, G. (2021). Psychological functioning of Slovene adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: does resilience matter?. Psychiatric Quarterly, 92, 207-216.
Kim, C., Park, K. H., Eo, E. K., Kim, Y. M., Eo, S. K., & Han, J. (2022). Burnout and resilience among emergency physicians at Korean university hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional analysis. Yonsei medical journal, 63(4), 372.
Kumar, S., Lee, N. K., Pinkerton, E., Wroblewski, K. E., Lengyel, E., & Tobin, M. (2022). Resilience: a mediator of the negative effects of pandemic-related stress on women’s mental health in the USA. Archives of women's mental health, 1-10.
Lee, Y. R., Lee, J. Y., Kim, J. M., Shin, I. S., Yoon, J. S., & Kim, S. W. (2019). A comparative study of burnout, stress, and resilience among emotional workers. Psychiatry Investigation, 16(9), 686.
Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (1988). The impact of interpersonal environment on burnout and organizational commitment. Journal of organizational behavior, 9(4), 297-308.
Liu, F., Chen, H., Xu, J., Wen, Y., & Fang, T. (2021). Exploring the relationships between resilience and turnover intention in Chinese high school teachers: considering the moderating role of job burnout. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6418.
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of organizational behavior, 2(2), 99-113.
Mendoza Bernal, I., Sánchez-Teruel, D., Robles-Bello, M. A., Sarhani-Robles, A., & Sarhani-Robles, M. (2023). Predictors of resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study comparing the first and second waves. BMC psychology, 11(1), 143.
Milfont, T. L., Denny, S., Ameratunga, S., Robinson, E., & Merry, S. (2008). Burnout and wellbeing: Testing the Copenhagen burnout inventory in New Zealand teachers. Social indicators research, 89, 169-177.
Mohammadi, S. (2015). Studying the relationship between personality traits of HSE managers and burnout. Case study: industry leaders in Karaj Road. Academic Journal of Economic Studies, 1(2), 56-68.
Molero Jurado, M. D. M., Martos Martínez, Á., Pérez-Fuentes, M. D. C., Castiñeira López, H., & Gázquez Linares, J. J. (2022). Job strain and burnout in Spanish nurses during the COVID-19: resilience as a protective factor in a cross-sectional study. Human Resources for Health, 20(1), 79.
Morote, R., Hjemdal, O., Martinez Uribe, P., & Corveleyn, J. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) and its relationship with life-stress, anxiety and depression in a Hispanic Latin-American community sample. PloS one, 12(11), e0187954.
Mousavi, S. M., Yazdanirad, S., Naeini, M. J., Khoshakhlagh, A., & Haghighat, M. (2023). Determining the effect of selected mental factors on turnover intention through two modulators-stress and resilience over COVID-19 period. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1), 366.
O’Connor, P., Lydon, S., O’Dowd, E., & Byrne, D. (2021). The relationship between psychological resilience and burnout in Irish doctors. Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971-), 190, 1219-1224.
Pinheiro, M. R., Matos, A. P., Pestana, C., Oliveira, S., & Joaquim Costa, J. (2015). The Resilience Scale: A study in a Portuguese adult sample. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences.
Piperac, P., Todorovic, J., Terzic-Supic, Z., Maksimovic, A., Karic, S., Pilipovic, F., & Soldatovic, I. (2021). The validity and reliability of the copenhagen burnout inventory for examination of burnout among preschool teachers in serbia. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(13), 6805.
Psychological resilience - Wikipedia
Queirós, C., Passos, F., Bártolo, A., Faria, S., Fonseca, S. M., Marques, A. J., ... & Pereira, A. (2020). Job stress, burnout and coping in police officers: relationships and psychometric properties of the organizational police stress questionnaire. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(18), 6718.
Reppold, C.T., Mayer, J.C., Almeida, L.S. & Hutz, C.S. (2011). Resilience Assessment: Controversy surrounding the use of scales. Psychology Review, 25. 230-210.
Rocha, F. L. R., Jesus, L. C. D., Marziale, M. H. P., Henriques, S. H., Marôco, J., & Campos, J. A. D. B. (2020). Burnout syndrome in university professors and academic staff members: psychometric properties of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory-Brazilian version. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 33.
Roy, M., Simard, R., Anaïs, F., & Généreux, M. (2019). Health promotion in the workplaces: fostering resilience in times of organizational change. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 110, 792-800.
Ryu, S. G., & Kim, S. L. (2020). The moderating effect of kindergarten teachers' resilience in the relation between job stress and psychological burnout. The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology, 6(2), 25-31.
Shahrbabaki, P. M., Abolghaseminejad, P., Lari, L. A., Zeidabadinejad, S., & Dehghan, M. (2023). The relationship between nurses’ psychological resilience and job satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study in Iran. BMC nursing, 22(1), 137.
Tan, Y. Z., Chong, J. J., Chew, L. S. T., Tan, K. H., & Wang, A. (2022). Burnout and resilience among pharmacists: A Singapore study. Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, 5(1), 75-84.
Tian, X., Liu, C., Zou, G., Li, G., Kong, L., & Li, P. (2015). Positive resources for combating job burnout among Chinese telephone operators: Resilience and psychological empowerment. Psychiatry research, 228(3), 411-415.
Tsuno, K. (2022). Do personal resilience, coping styles, and social support prevent future psychological distress when experiencing workplace bullying? Evidence from a 1-year prospective study. BMC psychology, 10(1), 1-12.
Wagnild, G. M. (2009). The resilience scale user's guide: for the US English version of the resilience scale TM and the 14-Item resilience scale TM (RS-14 TM). Resilience center.
Wagnild, G. M., & Young, H. M. (1993). Development and psychometric. Journal of nursing measurement, 1(2), 165-17847.
Wikipedia. Psychological resilience.
Wood, B. A., Guimaraes, A. B., Holm, C. E., Hayes, S. W., & Brooks, K. R. (2020). Academic librarian burnout: A survey using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Journal of Library Administration, 60(5), 512-531.
Wu, G., Feder, A., Cohen, H., Kim, J. J., Calderon, S., Charney, D. S., & Mathé, A. A. (2013). Understanding resilience. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 7, 10.
Zeana, S. A., Hany Kamel, N., El-Awaisi, A., Shraim, M., & Saffouh El Hajj, M. (2022). Mental health, burnout and resilience in community pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. : A cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 30(7), 1009-1017.