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研究生: 王偉權
Wang, Wei-Chuan
論文名稱: 自製具手臂四輪移動平台之最佳路徑規劃與抓取
Optimal path planning and grasping of self-made four-wheel mobile platform with an arm
指導教授: 呂藝光
Leu, Yih-Guang
口試委員: 張原彰
Chang, Yuan-Chang
吳政郎
Wu, Jenq-Lang
陶金旺
Tao, Chin-Wang
莊鎮嘉
Chuang, Chen-Chia
呂藝光
Leu, Yih-Guang
口試日期: 2022/07/18
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 94
中文關鍵詞: 四輪移動平台機械手臂PIDNN控制模糊控制最佳路徑規劃A-star
英文關鍵詞: Four-wheel mobile platform, robotic arm, PIDNN control, fuzzy control, optimal path planning, A-star
研究方法: 實驗設計法行動研究法準實驗設計法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202201345
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:64下載:18
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  • 本文自行設計具手臂的四輪移動平台,其中四輪移動平台的機械手臂擁有兩個自由度,可以垂直伸縮也可以水平伸縮,具有抓取物品功能。四輪移動平台本身可驅動前進、後退、左轉、右轉,因此四輪移動平台可以自由的移動,並且利用最佳路徑規劃到達指定地點。具手臂四輪移動平台,控制的核心是使用32位元的微控制器,將控制訊號傳至馬達驅動器來控制車輪與手臂的馬達。同時利用超音波感測器做為模糊控制的輸入並輸出相對應的目標轉速,使用霍爾感測器取得目前車子移動的狀態以及PIDNN (Proportional-Integral-Derivative Neural Network)控制器給予對應的控制訊號維持當前的速度。
    最佳路徑規劃是使用A-star演算法,實驗的場地會在各個轉彎處使用QR Code作為標記點,以利於四輪移動平台知道自己的位置並且執行對應的指令。最後,透過實驗驗證具手臂四輪移動平台能以最佳路徑移動至目標倉庫前執行抓取的任務。

    This paper designs a four-wheeled mobile platform with a robotic arm. The arm of the four-wheeled mobile platform has two degrees of freedom and can be extended vertically or horizontally and has the function of grasping objects. The four-wheeled mobile platform can turn and drive forward, backward, left and right autonomously. Therefore, the four-wheeled mobile platform can move freely and use the best path planning to reach the specified location. For the four-wheeled mobile platform, the core of the control is the use of a 32-bit microcontroller that transmits control signals to the wheel and arm motors via motor drivers. Ultrasonic sensors are used as inputs for fuzzy control, Hall sensors are used to obtain the current motion state, and the PIDNN (Proportional-Integral-Derivative Neural Network) controller signal is used to maintain the desired speed.
    We use the A-star algorithm to design the optimal path. The experimental site uses QR codes as marker points at each turn so that the four-wheeled mobile platform can know its position and execute the corresponding commands. Finally, the platform will be validated through experiments. The experimental results show that the four-wheeled mobile platform is able to perform the grasping task with the best path and reach the target location.

    摘 要 I ABSTRACT II 誌  謝 III 目 錄 IV 圖 目 錄 VII 表 目 錄 XI 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究方法 2 1.4 論文架構 3 第二章 文獻探討與回顧 4 2.1 自動引導車 4 2.2 倉儲導航與定位 5 2.3   四輪移動平台參考模型 7 2.4  控制方法 9 2.5  最佳路徑規劃 10 2.6  搜尋物件 11 第三章 具手臂四輪移動平台架構與設計 12 3.1  硬體架構 12 3.1.1  盛群主控板(ESK32-30501) 14 3.1.2  Raspberry Pi 4 15 3.1.3  TETRIX DC Gear Motor 17 3.1.4  L298N馬達驅動器 18 3.1.5  A4988步進馬達驅動器 19 3.1.6  42型步進馬達 20 3.1.7  鋰聚合物電池 22 3.1.8  霍爾元件3144E 23 3.1.9  水平螺桿 25 3.1.10  連軸器 26 3.1.11  龍門板+V滑輪 27 3.1.12  垂直螺桿 28 3.1.13  電源供應電路 29 3.1.14  超音波感測器(HC-SR04) 32 3.2  系統架構 34 3.2.1  計時器SysTick timer 36 3.2.2  外部中斷EXTI 37 3.2.3  計數器GPTM 38 3.2.4  計數器SCTM 40 3.2.5  計數器BFTM 41 3.2.6  UART通訊 42 第四章 最佳路徑演算法與控制方法介紹 43 4.1  環境地圖 43 4.2  最佳路徑 44 4.2.1  Dijkstra演算法 44 4.2.2  Best-First-Search演算法 50 4.2.3  A-star演算法 51 4.3  移動控制 58 4.3.1  模糊控制 58 4.3.2  模糊化 58 4.3.3  模糊推論引擎與模糊規則庫 60 4.3.4  解模糊化 62 4.3.5  PIDNN控制器 62 第五章 實驗結果與討論 65 5.1   A-STAR最佳路徑規劃模擬實驗 65 5.2   用A-STAR演算法在本文環境的最佳路徑規劃模擬實驗 70 5.3   PIDNN定速實驗 75 5.4   平台利用在MATLAB模擬完的最佳路徑走到目標倉庫 79 5.5   貨物抓取 87 第六章 結論與未來展望 90 6.1   結論 90 6.2   未來展望 90 參 考 文 獻 91

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