本研究旨在了解難養型嬰兒氣質表現及母親育兒狀況，並發展個別性介入策略，以探討對難養型嬰兒母親之育兒自我效能的成效。本研究以8位難養型氣質嬰兒（四為單胞胎及兩對雙胞胎）及其6位母親為研究對象，採準實驗研究設計，分為兩組，一組為「接受介入」的實驗組；另一組為「未接受介入」的控制組。實驗組與控制組嬰兒母親均先接受「母親育兒自我效能量表」的前測，研究者再對實驗組進行為期二個月，每週一次，共8次的家庭介入。個別性的介入策略目標為促進母親的育兒自我效能，五大介入策略包含母親對嬰兒氣質有所認識、能採適配的策略來回應嬰兒；母親對嬰兒狀態、行為線索有所瞭解；母親對嬰兒發展及其能力有所察覺；母親能增強照顧嬰兒的知識和技能；母親能適應母職角色。介入歷程全程錄音，並於每週介入結束後撰寫逐字稿及紀錄表以進行質性分析。介入完成後一週對實驗組與控制組嬰兒母親進行「母親育兒自我效能量表」的後測，介入完成後一個月再進行後後測，最後比較實驗組與控制組嬰兒母親之育兒自我效能是否因「接受介入」而有所差異。
結果發現：一、活動量大、規律性低、負向情緒、堅持度低是本研究難養型嬰兒氣質之共通點。二、難養型嬰兒之規律性低、負向情緒、反應強度大、堅持度低、分神度低、分神度高、反應閾低都會影響母親照顧時的感受。三、介入前難養型嬰兒母親對自己的育兒能力能肯定，但其育兒信心明顯不足。四、介入策略對難養型嬰兒母親之母親育兒自我效能的提升有顯著的成效，且具保留效果。研究者於介入過程中亦另有所得：難養型嬰兒氣質也許會影響母親育兒自我效能，但不一定會影響母親的育兒行為（如忽略、負向回應等）；影響母親育兒自我效能的因素應涵蓋嬰兒、父母本身及家庭三個層面；個別性介入策略有助母親對嬰兒敏銳度的提升。

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