研究生: |
蘇苑瑜 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
高中性別運作課程與經驗課程之性別差異分析 Gender Differences of Operational Gender Curriculum and Experiential Curriculum in a Senior High School |
指導教授: | 劉美慧 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育學系 Department of Education |
論文出版年: | 2012 |
畢業學年度: | 100 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 230 |
中文關鍵詞: | 高中公民與社會科 、性別課程 、運作課程 、經驗課程 、性別差異 |
英文關鍵詞: | Civics and Society, gender curriculum, operational curriculum, experiential curriculum, gender differences |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:315 下載:72 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究採質性研究取向,以台灣北部地區一所男女合校高中為場域,選擇公民與社會科男教師與女教師各一位、以及其所任教的一年級普通班學生各一班為研究參與者,透過參與觀察及訪談,瞭解高中公民與社會科教師對性別課程詮釋的性別差異、運作課程中的性別差異,以及學生經驗課程的性別差異,最後提出結論與建議。研究結果發現:
一、不同性別教師的性別課程詮釋差異反映在其教學上,包括不同性別經驗的融入、教師對教科書轉化的差異以及對性別觀感的差異。
二、性別運作課程的性別差異與教師的教學詮釋及課堂師生互動有關,教師教學詮釋與師生互動相互影響,建構性別化的運作課程。
三、不同性別學生經驗的性別課程存有明顯差異,且反映在其對教科書的看法、教師教學看法、課堂互動以及學習情況上。
四、性別運作課程中的反挫使得異性師生間產生性別經驗的斷層,同性學生間發展出同仇敵愾的情誼,學生經驗的性別課程未達到原先正式課程的目標。
根據上述結論,本研究提出以下建議:
一、運作性別課程時,宜讓學生的經驗進入課堂,以彌補男教師或女教師少一半的性別經驗。
二、不論是男教師或女教師都宜加強與女學生的互動,於師生互動中扮演更積極的角色。
三、教科書性別不平等的書寫宜涵納不同性別經驗,並讓學生真正瞭解到性別的社會建構意義。
四、教師宜運用性別反例或極端事件引領學生思考,並解構學生性別偏見。
The purpose of this study is to analyze the gender differences of Civics and Society teachers’ gender curriculum interpretation, operational curriculum and
students’ gender experiential curriculum. The participants of this study were one male teacher and one female teacher ofCivics and Societyin a senior high school in northern Taiwan. This study applied participant observations and interviews to collectthe data.
The major findings for this study are as follows:
1. The difference of teachers’ gender curriculum interpretation reflected in their
teaching, including different integration of genders experience, transformation of textbooks, and gender perception.
2. The gender differences of operational gender curriculum were related to teachers' interpretation and teacher-student interaction. Teachers' teaching interpretation and
teacher-student interaction influenced each other, which constructed operational gendered curriculum.
3. The differences of students’ experiential gender curriculum reflected in their points of view toward textbooks, teachers' teaching, classroom interaction and learning.
4.The backlash in operational gender curriculum caused gender experience divide between heterosexual teachers and students, which developed the same hatred and strengthens friendship between homosexual students. In this case, students’ experiences in gender curriculum barely meet the original goal of formal
curriculum.
Based on the above findings, this study proposed the following suggestions:
1. The teacher should include students’ experience into the classroom in order to make up for the gender insufficient experience of teachers.
2. No matter whether it is male teacher or female teacher, they are advised to strengthen the interaction with the female students, and further play a more active
role in the class interaction.
3. The textbooks should provide balancing gender perspectives, including different gender experiences, to allow students to comprehend the gender meanings
constructed by our society.
4. The teacher should deconstruct students’ gender bias by using gender counter-examples or shocking examples.
一、中文部分
方德隆(2000)。九年一貫課程學習領域之統整。課程與教學季刊,3(1):
1-18。
方德隆(2005)。課程理論與實務。高雄:麗文。
王志豪(2006)。數學教室內之師生口語溝通的方式。國立臺灣師範大學數
學系碩士論文。未出版。
王采薇(2009)。性別平等教育在台灣:兩個國小班級教室互動性別差異初
探。論文發表於 International Conference on Primary
Education 2009。
November 25-27, 2009, Hong Kong.
卯靜儒(2004)。理論化女性教師的性別意識與認同建構過程。通識教育季
刊,11(1/2),147-170。
成令方等譯(2008)。性別打結:拆除父權違建。台北市:群學。
朱容萱、黃之棟(2011)。講倫理才有道理:歐洲研究倫理規範的新進展。歐
洲國際評論,7,121-147。
吳秀玲(2006)。跨越圍籬的旅程:一位國小女性教師性別意識覺醒與實踐
之敘事探究。國立台北教育大學課程與教學研究所碩士論文。
吳美玲(2001)。國小學童父母管教方式、教師期待與學得無助感相關之研
究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
汪淑慧(2007)。幼兒性別課程方案之探究與實踐歷程。花蓮師範學院國教
所教學碩士班碩士論文。
周雅容(1996)。象徵互動論與語言的社會意涵。載於:胡幼慧主編,質性研
究—理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。台北:巨流。
林玉玫(2002)。性別教育課程對國小高年級學生性別知識、性別態度與自
我保護技巧之輔導效果之研究。國立台南師範學院初等教育系輔導教學
碩士論文。
林佩萱(2003)。教師平權意識影響其執行兩性平等教育之研究。南華大學
教育社會學研究所碩士論文。
林昱吟(2005)。中學性別教育之課程協同行動研究:以解構男子氣概迷思
為課程焦點。銘傳大學教育研究所碩士論文。
林昱貞(2001)。性別平等教育的實踐:兩位國中女教師的性別意識與實踐
經驗。國立台灣師範大學教育學系碩士論文。
林曉玲(2003)。不同世代國小教師性別意識發展歷程與內涵狀態之質性探
究以四位國小教師為例。國立台灣師範大學公民教育與活動領導學系碩
士論文。
侯心怡(2006)。兩位國小教師性別意識及其在教育實踐之樣貌研究。國立
新竹教育大學輔導教學碩士論文。
施良方(1997)。課程理論:課程的基礎、原理與問題。高雄:麗文。
洪秋美(2009)。國小教育職場的男性之性別意識覺醒歷程。大葉大學教育
專業發展研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化。
洪家榆(2004)。一位國中女性教師性別教育實踐之研究:以性別議題融入
綜合活動領域為例。高雄師範大學教育學系碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
孫旻儀、石文宜、王鍾和(2007)。學生背景及人格特質與師生互動關係之研
究。輔導與諮商學報,29(2),51-72。
高淑清(2008)。質性研究的18堂課:首航初探之旅。高雄:麗文。
張世平(1984)。高中生的教師期望、父母期望、自我期望與學業成就的關
係。教育研究集刊,26,115-122。
張慧娟(2002)。社會行動取向的性別平權課程發展之研究。花蓮師範學院
國教所教學碩士班碩士論文。
畢恆達(2003)。男性性別意識之形成。應用心理研究,17,51-84。
畢恆達(2004)。女性性別意識形成歷程。通識教育季刊,11(1/2),111-
138。
莊明貞(2003)。性別與課程:理念、實踐。 台北:高等教育。
許祝齡(2001)。存在學校兩性互動中的性別差異對待—一所茶鄉迷你小學
的觀察研究。國立師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
郭彥廷(2008)。教師的性別實踐和學生的學習經驗-以高中課程「公民與
社會」科為例。高雄醫學大學性別研究所碩士論文。
陳奎憙(1990)。教育社會學研究。台北:師大書苑。
陳皎眉(2005)。校園性別平等教育實施成效之研究。臺北市:教育部。
陳凱筑(2003)。國小女性教師性別意識構成與實踐之研究。台中師範學院
國民教育研究所碩士論文。
游美惠(2002)。性別意識、使命感與教師專業成長:以性別平等教育的推動
為例。教育研究資訊,10(6),45-62。
黃政傑(1989)。課程改革。台北:漢文。
黃雅苑(2009)。國小男性教師性別意識形塑經驗與教學實踐之研究。國立
台中教育大學社會科教育學系碩士論文。
黃鴻文、湯仁燕(2005)。學生如何詮釋學校課程?。教育研究集刊,51
(2),99-131。
楊巧玲(2007)。校園中的性別政權。台北:高等教育。
楊幸真(2007)。校園生活中的身體經驗與性別實作:一個民族誌的探究。女
學學誌,24,103-134。
楊幸真(2010)。校園生活與性別-性別學習與教學實踐。台北:巨流。
葉重新(2001)。教育研究法。台北:心理。
葉德蘭(2007)。映現╱型塑性別的語言溝通。出自黃淑玲、游美惠主編,性
別向度與台灣社會,頁25-50。台北︰巨流。
廖鳳瑞、李昭瑩(2004)。當孩子與老師運作的課程相遇─幼兒經驗課程的個案
研究。師大學報,49(2),89-112。
熊慎敦(2004)。基層教師性別意識發展與覺醒歷程之研究以台北市高中
職教師為例。國立台北大學社會學系碩士論文。
劉美慧、陳亮君、薛人華(2011)。台灣國中生在ICCS2009公民素養表現之
國際評比分析。論文發表於ICCS2009國際公民教育與素養調查研究成果
發表會。台北:國立台灣師範大學教育研究與評鑑中心主辦。
劉美慧、鄭景澤、陳亮君(2011)。高中公民與社會課程轉化之議題分析
從理想課程到經驗課程之落差。論文發表於高中課程改革:知識結構、
教師詮釋與學生經驗研討會。台北:國立台灣師範大學教育學系主辦。
劉美慧、鄭景澤、陳亮君(2011)。高中公民與社會課程轉化之議題分析
從理想課程到經驗課程之落差。論文發表於高中課程改革:知識結構、
教師詮釋與學生經驗研討會。台北:國立台灣師範大學教育學系主辦。
劉美慧主譯(2009)。教學越界—教育即自由的實踐。台北:學富。
劉惠琴編(2002)。性別議題與社會改變。應用心理研究,13期。
劉蘋儀(2006)。師生與同儕互動中性別關係之學校民族誌研究。國立屏東
教育大學社會教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,屏東。
潘慧玲、林昱貞(2000)。從教師的性別意識談師資培育。未出版手稿,國立
台灣師範大學教育學系。
潘慧玲、黃馨慧、周麗玉、楊心蕙、莊明貞、洪久賢(2005)。研訂後期中等
學校性別平等教育議題課程能力指標研究報告。教育部中等教育司委託
計畫。
潘慧玲主編(2003)。教育研究的取徑:概念與應用。台北:高等教育。
鄭郁筠(2005)。男性準教師的性別意識形成與分析。國立花蓮教育大學多
元文化研究所碩士論文。
鄭陳宏(2002)。教師性別意識及其性別平等教育實踐之現象研究:以五位
國小男性教師為例。國立新竹師範學院輔導教學碩士論文。
蕭昭君(2004)。是師培?或是失陪?師院教授在性別平權教改中的專業成
長。研習資訊,21(4),9-22。
蕭惠蘭(2003)。高中女生性別意識、教育期望、科學成就對升大學選擇科
系之影響研究。國立彰化師範大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化。
謝小芩(2001)。外國性別平等教育立法與實施經驗。兩性平等教育季刊,
14,19-25。
謝芳怡(2004)。教師性別意識與性別平等教育實踐之研究以兩位國小教
師為例。國立花蓮師範學院多元文化教育研究所碩士論文。
韓采燕(2009)。性別化的實驗室:陽剛氣質與科技實作。清華大學碩士論
文。
蘇芊玲(2002)。兩性平等教育的本土發展與實踐。臺北市:女書文化。
蘇靜芬(2003)。教師教學互動性別差異之研究。國立嘉義大學國民教育研究
所碩士論文。
二、西文部分
Andersen, K., & Miller, E.D. (1997). Gender and student
evaluations of teaching. Political Science & Politics,
30, 216-219.
Auwarter, A., & Aruguete, M. (2008). Counselor perceptions
of students who vary in gender and socioeconomic
status. Social Psychology of Education: An
International Journal, 11, 389-395.
Bakhtin, M. M. (2002). The dialogic imagination: Four
essays (C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans.). Austin, TX:
University of Texas Press. (Original work published in
1975)
Barber, T. (2002). A special duty of care: Exploring the
narration and experience of teacher caring, British
Journal of Sociology of Education, 23(3), 383-395.
Basow, S.A. (1998). Student evaluations: The role of gender
bias and teaching styles. In L. H. Collins, J. C. Chrisler, & K. Quina (Eds.), Career strategics for women in
academe:Arming Athena (pp. 135-156). Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
Biklen, S. K., & Pollard, D. (2001). Feminist perspectives
on gender in classrooms. In V. Richardson (Ed.),
Handbook of research on teaching (4th ed., pp. 723-
748). Washington, DC: AERA.
Bleakley, A. (2000). Writing with invisible ink: Narrative,
confessionalism and reflective practice. Reflective
Practice, 1(1), 11-24.
Bourdieu, P. (2001). Masculine domination. Cambridge:
Polity Press.
Brophy, J. E. (1985). teacher-student interaction. In J. B.
Dusek, V. C. Hall & W. J. Meyer, (Eds.), Teacher
expectancies (pp. 303-327). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
Brophy, J. S.(1982). How Teachers Influence What is Taught
and Learned in Classrooms. The Elementary School
Journal, 83(1), 1-13.
Canada, K. and Pringle, R. (1995). The Role of Gender in
College Classroom Interactions: A Social Context
Approach, Sociology of Education, 68, 161-186.
Childs, G., & McKay, M. (2001). Boys starting school
disadvantaged: Implications from teachers’ ratings of
behavior and achievement in the first two years.
British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 303-314.
Connelly, F. M. & Clandinin, D. J. (1997). Narrative
inquiry. In J. P. Keeves (Ed.), Educational Research,
Methodology and Measurement: An International Handbook
(pp. 81-86). Oxford: Pergamon.
Cruickshank, D. R., Bainer, D. L., & Metcalf, K. K. (1995).
The act of teaching. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.
Demetriou, H., Wilson, E. & Winterbottom, M. (2009). The
role of emotion in teaching: Are there differences
between male and female newly qualified teachers'
approaches to teaching? Educational Studies, 35(4) 449-
473.
Dey, E. L. (1995). The activities of undergraduate teaching
faculty. Thought and Action, 11(1), 43-62.
Duffy, J., Warrenand, K. & Walsh, M. (2001). Classroom
Interactions: Gender of Teacher, Gender of Student, and
Classroom Subject. Sex Roles, 45(9/10), November 2001.
Durkin, M. J. (1987). Teacher’s sex. In M. J. Durkin
(Ed.), An international encyclopedia of teaching and
teacher education (pp. 606-608). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Einarsson, C. and Granström, K. (2002). ‘Gender-biased
Interaction in the Classroom: The influence of gender
and age in the relationship between teacher and
pupil’, Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research,
46(2), 117-127.
Elbaz, F. (2006). Studying Teachers’ Lives and Experience:
Narrative Inquiry Into K-12 Teaching. In: J. Clandinin
(Ed.), Handbook of Narrative Inquiry. Mapping a
Methodology (pp. 357-382). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Erikson, F., & Shultz, J. (1992). Students’ experience of
the curriculum. In P. W. Jackson (Ed.), Handbook of
research on curriculum: A project of the American
Educational Research Association (pp. 465-485). New
York: Macmillan.
Estola, E & Elbaz-Luwisch, F . (2003). Teaching bodies at
work. Curriculum Studies, 35(6), 697-719.
Fernandez, J. & Mateo, M. A. (1997). Student and faculty
gender in ratings of university teaching quality. Sex
Roles, 37, 997-1003.
Fisher, B. M. (2001). No angel in the classroom: Teaching
though feminist discourse. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman &
Littlefield.
Forman, G.E., & D.S. Kuschner. (1983). The child’s
construction of knowledge: Piaget for teaching
children. Washington, DC: NAEYC.
Francis, B. (2008). Teaching manfully? Exploring gendered
subjectivities and power via analysis of men teachers’
gender performance. Gender and Education, 20(2), 109-
122.
Fullan, M., & Pomfret, A. (1977). Research on curriculum
and instruction implementation. Review of Educational
Research, 47(1), 335-397.
Garcia, J. & Pugh, S. L. (1992, November). Multicultural
education in teacher preparation programs: A political
or an educational concept? Phi Delta Kappan, 214-219.
Gerson, J.M., & Peiss, K. (1985). Boundaries, negotiation,
consciousness: Reconceptualizing gender relations.
Social Problems, 32(4), 317-331.
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
Goodlad, J. I. (1969). Curriculum: The state of the field.
Review of Education Research, 39(3).
Goodlad, J. I. (1979). Curriculum inquiry: The study of
curriculum practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Griffin, C. (1989). ‘ I 'm not a women' s libber, but...':
Feminism, consciousness and identity. In S. Skevington
& D.Baker (Eds.), The social identity of women (pp. 173-
193). London: Sage.
Grossman, H., & Grossman, S. H. (1994). Gender issues in
education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Hong, Z., Veach, P. M., & Lawrenz, F. (2005). Psychological
Predictors of Psychological Distress in Taiwanese
Secondary School Boys and Girls. Sex Roles, 53(5/6),
419-431.
hooks, b. (1994). Teaching to transgress: Education as the
practice of. Freedom. New York, NY: Routledge.
Hopf, D., & Hatzichristou, C. (1999). Teacher gender-
related influences in Greek schools. British Journal of
Educational Psychology, 69, 1-18.
Hraba, J., & Yarbrough, P. (1983). Gender consciousness and
class action for women: A comparison of black and white
female adolescents. Youth and Socioty, 15(2), 115-131.
Ilatov, Z.Z., Shamai, S., Hertz-Lazarovitz, R., & Mayer-
Young, S. (1998). Teacher–student classroom
interaction: the influence of gender, academic
dominance, and teacher communication style.
Adolescence, 33, 269-278.
Ivinson, G. & Murphy, P. (2006). Boys Don’t Write Romance:
The Construction of Knowledge and Social Gender
identities in English Classroom. In M. Arnot and M. Mac
an Ghaill (Eds.), The RoutledgeFalmer Reader in Gender
and Education (pp.163-179). New York.
Ivinson, G. & Murphy, P. (2006). Boys Don’t Write Romance:
The Construction of Knowledge and Social Gender
identities in English Classroom. In M. Arnot and M. Mac
an Ghaill (Eds.), The RoutledgeFalmer Reader in Gender
and Education (pp. 163-179). New York and London:
RoutledgeFalmer.
Johnson, M. (1989). Embodied knowledge. Curriculum Inquiry,
19(4), 361-377.
Jungwirth, H. (1991). Interaction and gender—Findings of a
microethnographical approach to classroom discourse.
Educational Studies in Mathematics, 22, 263-284.
Kehily, M. J. (2002). Sexuality, Gender and Schooling:
Shifting Agendas in Social Learning. London: Routledge.
Kernberg, O. (1980). Internal World and External Reality.
Object relations theory applied. New York, NY: Jason
Aronson.
Klein, M. F. (1991). The politics of curriculum decision –
making: Issues in centralizing the curriculum. NY:
Albany.
Klein, M. F., & Goodlad, J. I. (1978). A study of
curriculum decision making in eighteen selected
countries. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED
206093).
Klein, M. F., Tye, K. A., & Wright, J. E. (1979). A Study
of Schooling: Curriculum. Dhi Delta Kappan, 61(4), 244-
247.
Langbein, Laura I. (1994). The Validity of Student
Evaluations of Teaching. Political Science and
Politics, 27(September), 545-553.
Lather, P. (1991). Getting Smart: Feminist Research and
Pedagogy with/in the Postmodern. New York: Routledge.
Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry.
Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Marshall, C. S., & Reinhartz, J. (1997). Gender issues in
the classroom. The Clearing House, 70(6), 333-337.
Meece, J. L. (1987). The influence of school experiences on
the development of gender schemata. In L. S. Liben & M.
L. Signorella (Eds.), Children’s gender schemata (pp.
57-73). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Merriam, S. B. (1988). Case study research in education: A
qualitative approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Publishers.
Moje, E. B. (2000). Changing our minds, changing our
bodies: power as embodied in research relations.
Qualitative Studies in Education, 13(1), 25-42.
Nairn, K. (1995). Quiet students in geography classrooms:
Some strategies for inclusion. New Zealand Journal of
Geography, 100(1), pp. 24-31.
Noddings, N. (1984). Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics
and Moral Education. Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press.
Noddings, N. (2001). The caring teacher. In V. Richardson
(Ed.), Handbook of Research on Teaching, (4th ed., pp.
99-195). Washington, DC: American Educational Research
Association.
Omvig, C. P. (1989). Teacher/student classroom interaction
in vocational education. Kentucky: Department of
Vocational Education. College of Education, University
of Kentucky.
Paechter, C.F. (2006).‘Reconceptualising the gendered
body: Learning and constructing masculinities and
femininities in school’. Gender and Education, 18(2),
121-135.
Palardy, J. M. (1998). The effects of teachers’
expectations on children’s literacy development.
Reading Improvement, 35, 184-186.
Phillips, A. (1995). Democracy and difference: Some
problems for feminist theory. In: Kymlicka, Will,
(Ed.), The rights of minority cultures (pp. 288-302).
Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.
Pinar, W. F., Reynolds, W. M., Slattery, P., & Taubman, P.
M. (1996). Understanding curriculum as a gender text.
In W. F. Pinar, W. M. Reynolds, P. Slattery, P. M.
Taubman, (Eds.), Understanding curriculum (pp. 438-
493). New York: Peter Lang.
Posner, G. J. (1992). Analyzing the curriculum. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Robinson, K.H. (1992). Class‐Room Discipline: power,
resistance and gender. A look at teacher perspectives.
Gender and Education, 4(3), 273-288.
Robinson, K.H. (2000). “Great tits miss!” The sexual
harassment of female teachers in secondary schools.
Issues of gendered authority. Discourse: Studies in the
Cultural Politics of Education, 21(1), 75-90.
Rogers, A. G., Casey, M. E., Elcert, J., Holland, J.,
Nakkula, V., & Scheinberg, N. (1999). An interpretive
poetics of languages of the unsayable. In R. Josselson
and A. Lieblich (eds), Making Meaning of Narratives
(pp. 77-106). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Rossman, G.B. & Rallis, S.F. (1998). Learning in the field:
An introduction to qualitative Research. Sage, Thousand
Oaks, CA.
Rowden, G. V., & Carlson, R. E. (1996). Gender issues and
students’ perceptions of instructors’ immediacy and
evaluation of teaching and course. Psychological
Reports, 78(3), 835-839.
Sabbe, E. & Aelterman, A. (2007). Gender in teaching: a
literature review. Teachers and teaching, theory and
practice, 13(5), 521.
Sadker, D., & Sadker, M. (1994). Failing at Fairness: How
Our Schools Cheat Girls. Toronto, ON: Simon & Schuster
Inc.
Sadker, M., & Sadker, D. (1986). Sexism in the classroom:
From grade school to graduate school. Phi Delta Kappan,
68, 512.
Salih, S. ( 2002). Judith Butler. London, New York :
Routledge.
Schwyzer, H. (2005). The Male Teacher’s Body and
Propriety. (n.d.) Retrieved November 10, 2011, from
http://hugoboy.typepad.com/hugo_schwyzer/2005/02/
my_post_below_o.html
Shakeshaft, C. (1986). Women in educational administration.
Beverly Hill, CA: Sage Publications.
Sleeter, C. (1995). White preservice students and
multicultural education coursework. In J. M. Larkin and
C. E. Sleeter (eds.), Developing Multicultural Teacher
Education Curriculum (pp. 17-29). New York: State
University of New York Press.
Smith, Catherine R. (2000). Notes from the Field: Gender
Issues in the Management Curriculum: A Survey of
Student Experiences. Gender, Work & Organization, 7,
158-167.
Smith, D. (1991). Classroom interaction and gender
disparity in secondary vocational instruction. The
Journal of Vocational Education Research, 16, 35-58.
Smith, D. (1992). A description of classroom interaction
and gender disparity in secondary business education
instruction. Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, 34, 183-193.
Stanley, L., & Wise, S. (1993). Breaking out again:
Feminist ontology and epistemology (new ed.). New York:
Routldege.
Tartro, C.N. (1995). Gender effects on student evaluation
of faculty. Journal of Research and Development in
Education, 28(3), 169-73.
Top, T.J. (1991). ‘Sex bias in the evaluation of
performance in the scientific, artistic, and literary
professions: a review’. Sex Roles, 24, 73-106.
Tournaki, N. (2003). Effect of student characteristics on
teachers’ predictions of student success. Journal of
Educational Research, 96, 310-320.
van Manen, M. (1991). The Tact of Teaching: The Meaning
of Pedagogical Thoughtfulness. London, ON: Althouse
Press.
Vick, M. J. & Martinez, C. (2011). Teachers and Teaching:
Subjectivity, performativity and the body. Educational
Philosophy and Theory, 43(2), 178-192.
Weber, S. & Mitchell, C. (1995). That’s Funny,You Don’t
Look Like a Teacher! Interrogating Images and Identity
in Popular Culture. London: Falmer.
Wilcox, C. (1997). Racial and gender consciousness among
African-American women: Sources and consequences. Women
and Politic, 17(1), 73-94.
Woodward, K. (1997). Identity and Difference. CA: Sage
Publications.
Worrall, N., & Tsarna, H. (1987). Teachers’ reported
practices towards girls and boys in science and
languages. British Journal of Educational Psychology,
57, 300-312.
Zaher, S. (1996). Gender and the curriculum in the school
room. Education Canada, 36(1), 26-29.