研究生: |
張祐誠 Chang, Yu-Cheng |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
大學層級認輔志工與育幼院院童間助人關係之研究 A study of the helping relationship between university-level guidance volunteers and the children in the Children’s home |
指導教授: |
許維素
Hsu, Wei-Su |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2011 |
畢業學年度: | 99 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 203 |
中文關鍵詞: | 大學層級助人者 、主題分析法 、育幼院輔導 、助人關係 、認輔志工 |
英文關鍵詞: | helping relationship, guidance volunteer, guidance for the children in the Children’s home, thematic analysis, university-level helper |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:226 下載:23 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究旨在探討大學層級認輔志工與育幼院院童之助人關係。研究目的包括:(1)瞭解大學層級認輔志工與育幼院院童發展助人關係的故事;(2)探討影響大學層級育幼院認輔志工發展助人關係的相關因子;(3)探討大學層級認輔志工與育幼院院童間助人關係發展歷程;以及(4)探討大學層級認輔志工與育幼院院童間助人關係之特色。本研究邀請七位在同一育幼院認輔計畫中的大學層級認輔志工(四位女性,三位男性;皆為大學二年級至四年級輔導相關科系學生),接受半結構式訪談,並以助人關係相關理論為依據,以質化研究的主題分析法進行歸納與分析訪談資料。
本研究的結果與討論以四個部份呈現:
1. 受訪認輔志工與院童助人關係發展的故事:依據時間序分別呈現七位認輔志工加入服務計畫,與院童發展助人關係之經驗。
2. 影響認輔志工發展助人關係的因子分析結果:影響認輔志工與院童發展助人關係的因子包括(1)認輔志工內在層面的影響因子:主要包含「參加服務的動機」、「對自己專業的期待」、「接案過程中的焦慮」、「接案過程中對專業的反思與學習」與「工作中反思的核心價值觀」等五項,底下又分成十三個成分;(2)與院童互動層面的影響因子:主要包含「面對院童抗拒的內心衝突」、「互動中信任議題的發展與挑戰」、「相互吸引力的形成」、「互動中形塑的志工角色形象」、「分離經驗」,底下又分成十一個成分;以及(3)外在環境層面的影響因子:主要包含「志工專業督導團體的協助」與「育幼院環境支持與限制」,底下又可分為八個成份。
3. 認輔志工與院童間助人關係發展歷程之分析:根據分析結果,認輔志工與院童的助人關係發展歷程可分成五個階段:(1)階段一、「新手上路,學習助人既期待又怕受傷害」;(2)階段二、「從初期困難與限制中開始自我調適」;(3)
The study aimed to investigate the helping relationship between university-level guidance volunteers and the children in the Children’s home. The purposes of the study were as follows: (1) to know the stories of developing helping relationships between university-level guidance volunteers and children in the Children’s home; (2) to investigate the related influential factors on university-level guidance volunteers’ helping relationship development experiencing with the children; (3) to study the developing process of the helping relationship between university-level guidance volunteers and children in Children’s home; and (4) to study the features of the helping relationship between university-level guidance volunteers and children in the Children’s home. Data were collected through seven university-level guidance volunteers (4 females and 3 males, ranging from year 2 to year 4 university students in counseling program), who received semi-structured interviews based on helping relationship theories. Thematic analysis of qualitative method was applied to analyze and induct the data from the interviews.
The results and discussions of the research included four parts:
1. The stories of guidance volunteers developing helping relationship with children in the Children’s home, including the experiences of the seven guidance volunteers developing helping relationship with children in the Children’s home,were presented in chronological order, according to the time that each volunteer began their guiding work.
2. The analysis results of the influential factors on guidance volunteers’ helping relationship development were presented as follows: (1) guidance volunteers’ internal influential factors included the following categories: the motivation for joining the volunteer services, expectations for self-growth in expertise, anxieties aroused from each session, the eventual reflection and learning of helping skills, and the reflection of core values generated from the process. These five categories were further divided into thirteen elements. (2) Influential factors from the interaction with children in Children’s home could be categorized as below: volunteer’s internal conflicts when working with uncooperative children, the development and the challenges of trust issues occurred from their interaction, the buildup of mutual attraction, the volunteers’ role image shaped during helping relationship, and the experience of separation. These categories were further divided into eleven elements. (3) External influential factors from the environment could be categorized into: group supervision for the volunteers, the support and limitations from the Children’s home environment. Eight elements were further divided from the above categories.
3. It can be concluded from the analysis of the helping relationship that the development process can be divided into five stages. Stage 1: Beginning volunteers felt ambivalent about being anticipating and afraid of harm when learning to help. Stage 2: Volunteers learned to adjust themselves when faced with the difficulties in early stage. Stage 3: The Children’s home, the supervisors, and the system stabilized the volunteers’ progress. Stage 4: Volunteers dispelled their presuppositions and focused on the interaction with the children, and this started a brand new mutual understanding. Stage 5: Trust was built out of the companionship of both parties. Even at the time of separation, intimacy between both parties emerged and their growth was apparent. However, there were no clear cuts between each stage. In the development of helping relationships, the influential factors affected each other even though they appeared in different stages.
4. The characteristics of the helping relationship between university-level guidance volunteers and children in the Children’s home were discussed in three sections. First, the influential factors on the helping relationship and its process of development. This section included: (1) how the influential factors become correlated and (2) the discussions concerning the development process of guidance volunteers’ helping relationship. Second, the discussions on the three elements in helping relationships. The elements were: (1) the countertransference manifested during the interview; (2) the development of “real relationship” out of the puzzle in the profession; and, (3) the reflection on the orientation and termination of working alliance. Third, the features of the helping relationship between guidance volunteers and children in the Children’s home. This section included: (1) the skills to accompany, understand, and share from which each volunteer developing on the basis of Person-Centered approach; (2) the influences that these professional training brought upon the guidance volunteers; and (3) the particularity of guidance work in the Children’s home.
Finally, the researcher concluded the university-level volunteers guiding program in Children’s home and provided suggestions for future studies.
Keywords: helping relationship, guidance volunteer, guidance for the children in the Children’s home, thematic analysis, university-level helper
一、中文部份
王文秀、李沁芬、彭一芳、黃鈺敏、吳青蓉、謝淑敏等譯(2000):助人者的晤談策略-基本技巧與行為處遇。台北:心理。Cormier, S. & Cormier, B. (1998). Interviewing strategies for helpers: Fundamental skills and cognitive behavioral interventions (4th ed.). Pacific Grove, Calif.: Brooks/Cole.
王新閔(2007):大學生海外教育志工服務學習之研究-以慈濟大學2006年海外志工服務為例。慈濟大學教育研究所碩士論文。
何克倫(2006):非關黑貓或白貓─諮商中言詞與工作同盟之語用學詮釋研究。國立彰化師範大學諮商與輔導學系碩士論文。
何亭嫻(2008):小手牽大手-大學生擔任弱勢家庭課輔志工之實踐與成長。國立花蓮教育大學多元文化教育研究所碩士論文。
何筱玉(2005):圍牆內的「家庭生活」:一位育幼院保育員的角色實踐。南華大學教育社會學研究所碩士論文。
吳秀碧(1992):「Stoltenberg的督導模式」在我國準諮商員諮商實習督導適用性之研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導學報,15,43-113。
吳秉衛(2005):共同決議結案的個案-諮商員所知覺工作同盟、晤談感受差異之研究。國立屏東教育大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。
吳國君(2008):大學生參與校園志願服務的動機與組織承諾關係之研究-以南區大學院校志工為例。國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文。
吳雅慧(2005):碩士層級諮商新手於全職實習的諮商困境與因應。國立台灣師 範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
吳肇元(2006):大學生網路即時諮商與電子郵件諮商之工作同盟、諮商員效能與諮商滿意度之差異比較研究。暨南國際大學輔導與諮商研究所碩士論文。
吳蓓芬(2009):遊戲治療師的反移情經驗研究。台北市立教育大學心理與諮商學系碩士論文。
宋文里譯(1990):成為一個人:一個助人者對心理治療的觀點。台北:桂冠。Rogers, C. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist’s view of psychotherapy.
李佳蓉(2007):國民中小學認輔工作之執行阻礙因素及其激勵措施研究。雲林科技大學技術及職業教育研究碩士論文。
李明峰(2009):駐地實習諮商心理師對諮商關係的覺察與反應歷程之研究。國立台南大學諮商與輔導學系碩士論文。
李花環(1999):諮商員專業發展歷程之質性研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系博士論文。
李茂興等譯(2002):諮商概論。台北:弘智文化。McLeod, J. (1998). An Introduction to Counseling(2nd ed.).
李偉斌(2002):網路即時諮商中工作同盟、晤談感受與諮商員口語反應之歷程分析。國立屏東教育大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
李章賜(2008):志工參與動機、參與體驗與參與利益之研究-以福智文教基金會大專志工為例。雲林科技大學休閒運動研究所碩士論文。
李雅文(2005):早年家庭暴力經驗與創傷修通對心理助人者效能影響之研究。國立臺灣師大教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。
李筱容(2004):初期晤談工作同盟的建立:助人者的意圖與反應模式分析。國立臺灣大學心理研究所。
李慧貞、潘祥齡、周秀姝、陳素惠等譯(2008)。建構解決之道的會談-焦點解決短期治療。台北:心理。Jong, P. D. & Berg, I.K., (2002). Interviewing for solutions. Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning.
周武昌(1998):國民中學認輔制度之研究-以四所國中為例。國立新竹師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
周金玉(2007):國民中小學實施「認輔制度」之成效評估及其阻礙因素之研究。雲林科技大學技術及職業教育研究碩士論文。
周美惠(2003):諮商義工服務經驗對中年婦女生命歷程之影響-以台北市生命線為例。世新大學社會發展所碩士論文。
周學雲(2002):大學生參與運動志工之動機與意願研究。國立臺灣師範大學運動休閒與管理研究所碩士論文。
林正義(1996):認輔制度之認識與態度。輔導通訊,46,45-46。
林俐君(2000):育幼機構院童成長脈絡之探討-以受刑人子女為例。國立臺灣大學社會學系應用社會學組碩士論文。
林昭宏(1999):認輔關係對機構式處遇中受輔少年之影響。東海大學社會工作學系碩士論文。
林美珠、田秀蘭合譯(2006):助人技巧:探索、洞察與行動的催化(第二版)。台北:學富文化。Hill, C. E. (2004). Helping Skills: facilitating exploration, insight, and action, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
林淑君(1998):心理助人者的反移情研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。
林瑞吉(1996):諮商員和當事人的口語反應模式、工作同盟與晤談感受之分析研究─以兩組諮商案例進行序列分析。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系。
洪雅鳳(1998):當事人依附、工作同盟與晤談感受之相關研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系碩士論文。
洪靖婷(2009):大專學生志工參與動機、工作滿足與組織承諾之研究-以逢甲大學為例。逢甲大學公共政策所碩士論文。
胡幼慧(2008):轉型中的質性研究:演變、批判和女性主義研究觀點。載於胡幼慧(主編):質性研究-理論、方法及本土女性研究實例(3-19)。台北市:巨流文化。
修慧蘭等譯(2009):諮商與心理治療:理論與實務(第八版)。台北:雙葉。Corey, G. (2009): Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 8e. California: Brooks/Cole.
徐建穎(2001):認輔志工是什麼。耕芯園,6,取自光寶文教基金會網站:http://www.liteoncf.org.tw/publish/a2-a6.htm.
徐瑞長(2002):育幼機構受虐兒童之社會適應研究。國立中正大學社會福利系碩士論文。
袁聖琇(2008):當事人諮商期望、對諮商初期諮商師可信度與工作同盟之相關研究。國立屏東教育大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。
高淑清(2008a):質性研究的十八堂課:首航初探之旅。高雄市:麗文文化。
高淑清(2008b):質性研究的十八堂課:揚帆再訪之旅。高雄市:麗文文化。
張木榮(2004):國民小學認輔教師輔導困境及因應策略之調查研究。臺北市立教育大學國民教育研究所碩士論文。
張明煥(2007):國小教師參與認輔工作之心路歷程研究—以桃園縣一所國小教師為例。國立新竹教育大學人資處輔導教學碩士論文。
張春興(2006):張氏心理學辭典。台北:臺灣東華。
張娟鳳(1998):短期心理諮商的效能因素與工作同盟之研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系博士論文。
張雯琦(2006):國中認輔志工服務動機、內容及困境之探討。東吳大學社會工作學系碩士論文。
張德聰、黃正旭、黃素菲編著(2001):諮商技術。台北:國立空中大學。
張學善(1997):諮商中的反移情。輔導季刊,33(4),25-33。
張學善(1999):諮商員反移情之分析研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導學報,20,1-28。
曹瓊華(2004):國民中學認輔教師對認輔制度之認知、實施困境及相關輔導策略應用之研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系碩士論文。
許佳安(2007):影響南部大專院校學生志工留任意願因素之探討。南台科技大學技職教育與人力資源發展研究所碩士論文。
許雅惠(2009):台灣諮商人員諮商關係建構經驗之分析研究。中華輔導與諮商學報,26,85-119。
陳向明(2002):教師如何做質的研究。台北:洪葉文化。
陳百越(2002):助人者自我涉入、同理心與初期治療關係的探討。中原大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
陳伯璋(2000):質性研究方法的理論基礎。載於中正大學教育學研究所主編,質的研究方法(25-49)。高雄:麗文文化。
陳怡樺(2008):育幼機構幼兒與志工的互動與分離。國立台北教育大學幼兒教育學系碩士論文。
陳武雄(2004):志願服務理念與實務。台北:揚智。
陳秉華、蔡秀玲(1999):國內十年來諮商歷程研究之回顧與展望。載於中國輔導學會主編,輔導大趨勢(123-163)。台北:心理。
陳彥君(2005):專業諮商員生涯困境與心理調適歷程之生命故事研究。國立台北師範學院教育心理與諮商學系碩士論文。
陳美琳(2002):運用志工從事學童認輔工作之調查-以台北縣市國小為例。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系碩士論文。
陳桂絨(2000):復原力的發現-以安置於機構之兒少保個案為例。東吳大學社會工作學系碩士論文。
陳斐娟(1996):諮商歷程中的重要事件、工作同盟與諮商結果之分析研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系博士論文。
陳榮富(1997):國民小學認輔制度的探討-以三位實際工作者為例。國立臺北教育大學國民教育研究所碩士論文。
陳慶福(1995):諮商員與當事人在諮商過程中的同盟、口語反映模式與晤談感受之研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系博士論文。
陳龍安譯(1982):助人關係-助人過程與技術。台北:天馬出版社。Brammer, L. M. (1979): The Helping Relationship: Process and Skills. Boston: MA: Allyn & Bacon.
曾華源、曾騰光(2003):志願服務概論。北市:揚智文化。
馮燕、李淑娟、謝友文、劉秀娟、彭淑華(2000):兒童福利。台北:空中大學。
黃天中、洪英正(1996):心理學。台北:桂冠。
黃宜敏(1994):諮商員「成為一個人」的困境與反省。諮商與輔導,105,10-16。
黃政昌(1997):準諮商員性別、督導員性別及支持程度對準諮商員知覺督導滿 意度、接受督導意願及自我效能之影響研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
黃貞容(2001):育幼機構安置服務院童權益維護指標之研究。國立暨南大學社會政策與社會工作學系碩士論文。
黃婉盈(2009):大專生志工參與課輔服務經驗與動機之研究─以「新住民雙重弱勢家庭課輔計畫」為例。國立嘉義大學幼兒教育學系碩士論文。
黃淑華(2001):問與答。耕芯園,6,引自網路:光寶文教基金會http://www.liteoncf.org.tw/publish/a2-a6.htm。
黃惠惠(2005):助人歷程與技巧。台北:張老師文化。
廖鳳池(1994):諮商員自我認知對諮商關係暨諮商行為影響之研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所博士論文。
管意璇(2008):壓力對助人工作者專業枯竭的影響-以創造力、幽默風格為調節變項。國立臺灣師範大學創造力發展碩士在職專班碩士論文。
劉淑慧(1987):助人工作者職業倦怠量表之編制與調查研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系碩士論文。
劉翠芬(2005):大專生參與校園志願服務的動機與組織承諾之研究—以大專院校諮商中心志工為例。東吳大學社會學系碩士論文。
潘宜君(2009):育幼院家的形塑。世新大學社會發展研究所碩士論文。
潘淑滿(2003):質性研究:理論與應用。台北:心理出版社。
蔡佳螢(2001):安寧療護志願服務人員參與動機和工作滿足之研究。東海大學社會工作學系所碩士論文。
蔡季誠(2009):大專學生志工參與攜手計畫之經驗探究。亞洲大學社會工作學系碩士論文。
蔡漢賢(2000):社會工作辭典第四版。北市:內政部社區發展雜誌社。
鄭崇珍(1995):「認輔制度」教育的價值與時代意義。學生輔導,36,12-15。
蕭玉玫(2007):三位受暴婦女之賦能歷程。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系所碩士論文。
龍玉琴(2002):共譜成長經驗-淺談認輔志工的角色與專業知能。耕芯園,9,30-31。
龍玉琴(2004):國小認輔志工參與認輔方案經驗之研究。臺北市立教育大學國民教育所碩士論文。
謝佩玲(2002):心理治療師在心理治療歷程之反移情經驗研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
謝佩玲(2007):心理治療師反移情經驗之歷程研究。教育心理學報,38(4),461-480。
謝喬安(2008):遊戲治療師主觀知覺之反移情經驗。國立新竹教育大學教育心理與諮商學系碩士論文。
鍾依靜(2009):兒童遊戲治療師之反移情。國立臺中教育大學諮商與應用心理學系碩士班。
簡里娟(2008):臺灣諮商與心理治療專業工作者的情緒智力與治療效能之關係。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
簡華妏(2006):華人文化脈落中諮商與心理輔導專業工作者之反移情處理能力、孝道信念與順道行為對諮商效能的影響之研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
羅舒璘(2003)。沒有父母陪伴的孩子-兩位在育幼院機構的女孩之內心世界。國立台北教育大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
二、英文部份
Al-Darmaki, F., & Kivlighan, D. M. (1993). Congruence in client-counselor expectations for relationship and the working alliance. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40, 379-384.
Baldwin, S. A., Wampold, B. E., & Imel, Z. E. (2007). Untangling the Alliance–Outcome Correlation: Exploring the Relative Importance of Therapist and Patient Variability in the Alliance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(6), 842-852.
Barrett, M.S., Chua, W. J., Crits-Christoph, P., & Don Thompson, M. B. G. (2008). Early withdrawal from mental health treatment: implications for psychotherapy practice. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45(2), 247-267.
Bedi, R. P. (2006). Concept mapping the client’s perspective on counseling alliance formation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 26-35.
Bergin, A. E., & Gaarfield, S. L. (1994). Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change(4th ed.). New York. John Wiely & Sons.
Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychodynamic concept of theworking alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 16, 252-260.
Brammer, L., & Shostrom, E. (1968). Therapeutic psychology(2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Brossart, D. F., Willson, V. L, Patton, M. J., Kivlighan, D. M. Jr., & Multon, K. D. (1998). A time series model of the working alliance: a key process in short-term psychoanalytic counseling. Psychotherapy, 35(2), 261-274.
Carmel, M. J. S., & Friedlander, M. L. (2009).The relation of secondary traumatization to therapists’ perceptions of the working alliance with clients who commit sexual abuse. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(3), 461-467.
Corey, G. (1991). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (4thed.). California: Brooks/Cole.
Corey, M. S., & Corey, G. (2003). Becoming a helper(4th ed). CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Dunkle, J. H., & Friedlander, M. L. (1996). Contribution of therapist experience and personal characteristics to the working Alliance. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(4), 456-460.
Durlak, J. A. (1979). Comparative Effectiveness of Paraprofessional and Professional Helpers. Psychological Bulletin, 86(1), 80-92.
Egan, G. (2010). The skilled helper (9th ed.). Books/Cole.
Fauth, J., & Hayes, J. A. (2006). Counselors’ stress appraisals as predictors of countertransference behavior with male clients. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84, 430-439.
Gantt, S., Billingsley, D., & Giordano, J. A. (1980). Paraprofessional Skill: Maintenance of Empathic Sensitivity After Training. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27(4), 374-379.
Gelso, C. J. (2002). Real relationship: The “something more” of psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 32, 35-40.
Gelso, C. J., & Carter, J. A. (1985). The relationship in counseling and psychotherapy: Components, Coequences, and Theoretical Antecedents. The Counseling Psychologist, 13(2), 155-243.
Gelso, C. J., & Carter, J. A. (1994). Components of the Psychotherapy Relationship: Their Interaction and Unfolding During Treatment. Journal of Counseling Psychology1, 41(3), 296-306.
Gelso, C. J., & Fretz, B. R. (1992). Counseling psychology. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich college publish.
Gelso, C. J., & Hayes, J. A. (1998). The Psychotherapy Relationship: Theory, Research, and Practice. New York: Wiley.
Gelso, C. J., Fassinger, R. E., Gomez, M. J., & Latts, M. G. (1995). Counselor gender, and countertransference management. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(3), 356-364.
Gelso, C. J., Kelley. F. A., Fuertes, J. N., Marmarosh, C , Holmes, S. E., & Costa, C. (2005). Measuring the real relationship in psychotherapy: initial validation of the therapist form. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(4), 640-649.
Golden, G. K. (1991). Volunteer Counselors: An Innovative, Economic Response to Mental Health Service Gaps. National Association of Social Workers, Inc.
Hattie, J. A., Sharpley, C. F., & Rogers, H. J. (1984). Comparative Effectiveness of Professional and Paraprofessional Helpers. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 534-541.
Hayes, J. A. (2004). Therapist knows thyself: Recent research on countertransference. Psychotherapy Bulletin, 39(4), 6-12.
Hayes, J. A., McCracken, J. E., Hill, C. E., Harp, J. S., & Carozzoni, P. (1998).Therapist perspectives on countertransference: qualitative data in search of a theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(4), 468-482.
Hill, C. E. (2005). Therapist techniques, client involvement, and the therapeutic relationship: Inextricably intertwined in the therapy process. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training , 42(4), 431-442.
Hill, C. E., Carter, J. A., & O'Farrell, M. K. (1983). A Study of the Process and Outcome of Time-Limited Counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 3-18.
Horvath, A. O., & Luborsky, L. (1993). The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(4), 561-573.
Horvath, A. O., & Symonds, B. D. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: a meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38(2), 139-149.
Hutchins, D. E., & Cole, C. G. (1997). Helping relationships and Strategies(3 ed.). Cole Publishing Company. Pacific Grove, CA : Brooks/Cole, c1997.
Kelly, A. E., & Yuan, K. (2009). Clients’ secret keeping and the working alliance in adult outpatient therapy. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training 2009, 46(2), 193-202.
Kivlighan, D. M. Jr. (1990). Relation between counselors' use of intentions and clients' perception of working alliance. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37(1), 27-32.
Kokotovic, A. M., & Tracey, T. J. (1990). Working alliance in the early phase of counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37(1), 16-21.
Kolb, D. A.(1969). On the dynamics of the helping relationship. MIT Libraries.
Ladany, N., Constantine, M. G., Miller, K., & Erickson, C. D. (2000). Supervisor Countertransference: A Qualitative Investigation Into Its Identification and Description. Journal of Counseling Psychology , 47(1), 102-115.
Latts, M. G., & Gelso, C. J. (1995). Countertransference behavior and management with survivors of sexual assault. Psychotherapy, 32(3), 405-415.
Ligie´ro, D. P., & Gelso, C. J. (2002). Countertransference, attachment, and the working alliance: the therapist’s contributions. Psychotherapy: Theory/Research/Practice/Training, 39(1), 3-11.
Marmarosh, C. L., Gelso, C. J., Markin, R. D., & Majors, R. (2009). The Real Relationship in Psychotherapy: Relationships to Adult Attachments, Working Alliance, Transference, and Therapy Outcome. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(3), 337-350.
Martin, J. (1984). The Cognitive Mediational Paradigm for Research on Counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(4), 558-671.
Martin, J.(1984).The cognitive mediational paradigm for research on counseling. Journal of counseling Psychology, 31(4), 558-571.
Metcalf, L. M. (2003). Countertransference among play therapists: implications for therapist development and supervision. International Journal of Play Therapy, 12(2), 31-48.
Mohr, J. J., Gelso, C. J, & Hill, C. E. (2005). Client and counselor trainee attachment as predictors of session evaluation and countertransference behavior in first counseling sessions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3), 298-309.
Patterson, C. H. (1985). The Therapeutic Relationship: Foundations for Eclectic Psychotherapy. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks.
Patterson, C. L., Uhlin, B., & Anderson, T.(2008). Clients’ pretreatment counseling expectations as predictors of the working alliance. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(4), 528-534.
Peterson, J. V., & Nisenholz, B. N. (1991). Orientation to Counseling (2nd ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Patton, M. J. (1994). Components of the Counseling Relationship—An Evolving Model: Comment on Gelso and Carter (1994). Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41(3), 310-312.
Raue, P. J., & Goldfried, M. R. (1997). The therapeutic alliance in psychodynamic-interpersonal and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(4), 582-587.
Reandeau, S. G. & Wampold, B. E. (1991). Relationship of Power and Involvement to Working Alliance: A Multiple-Case Sequential Analysis of Brief Therapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 107-114.
Richards, B. M. (2000).Impact upon therapy and the therapist when working with suicidal patients: some transference and countertransference aspects. British Journal of Guidance & Counseling, 28(3), 325-337.
Rogers, C. (1957). The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of Therapeutic Personality Change. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 21, 95-103.
Roger, C. (1967). The conditions of change from a client-centered viewpoint. In B. Berenson & R, Carkhuff(Eds.), Source of gain in counseling and psychotherapy. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Sexton, T. L., & Whiston, S. C. (1994). The status of the counseling relationship: Theoretical Implications, and research directions. Thecounseling psychologist, 22(1), 6-78.
Shirk, S. R., & Karver, M. (2003). Prediction of Treatment Outcome From Relationship Variables in Child and Adolescent Therapy: A Meta-Analytic Review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(3), 452-464.
Strauser, D. R., Lustig, D. C., & Donnell, C. (2004). The relationship between working alliance and therapeutic outcomes for individuals with mild mental retardation. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin , 47(4), 215–223.
Strong, S. R. (1968). Counseling: an interpersonal influence process. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 15(3), 215-224.
Tetzlaff, B. T., Kahn, J. H., Godley, S. H., Godley, M. D., Diamond. G. S., & Funk, R. R. (2005). Working Alliance, Treatment Satisfaction, and Patterns of Posttreatment Use Among Adolescent Substance Users. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 19(2), 199-207.
Wainpold, B. E. (2001). The Great Psychotherapy Debate: Models, Method, and Findings. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Yulis, S., & Kiesler, D. J. (1968). Countertransference response as a function of therapist anxiety and content of patient talk. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 32(4), 413-419.