本研究討論臺灣北部不同土地利用類型的入侵現況及人為活動
與環境因子對於外來植物多樣性的影響。總共使用了100 個1 平方公
里樣點內共2242 個1 平方公尺的調查樣方。受人為活動影響較大的
土地利用類型(如：墳墓、農田、路邊)遭受入侵情形較嚴重，外來物
種的覆蓋度皆超過50%。人為活動因子包含地景異質性、開發強度、
農地與碎形等因素顯著與外來植物的生物多樣性和優勢度呈現正相
關，環境因子包括海拔-溫度及雨量兩因素則與外來物種的生物多樣
性和優勢度呈現負相關。顯示外來植物的入侵同時受到人為活動(不
論是多樣性與強度)以及環境因子所調控，操控的機制可能主要與繁
殖來源(propagule pressure)和干擾(disturbance)有關。另外同時討論了
原生—外來種豐富度交互關係，利用兩階段集群分析進行樣點分群，
從而觀察在同一空間尺度但不同棲地環境情況時的交互關係。負向的
原生—外來種關係(原生種愈多則外來種愈少)出現在人為活動較低
的樣點群裡；正向的關係(原生種愈多時外來種也愈多)則出現在人為
活動較高的樣點群裡。負向的交互關係顯示人為活動較低的環境下所
具有的生物抵抗能力(biotic resistance)，而正向的交互關係則與非生物
因子如地景異質性有關。這樣的結果除了由嶄新的角度呈現了人為活
動對於入侵情形的影響外，也同時對於入侵生態學理論的發展和管理
外來植物的策略做出貢獻。

To approach the effects of anthropogenic activities and
environmental factors on local native and naturalized plant communities,
this study was conducted in the Northern Taiwan. A total of 2,242
quadrats in 1m2 of 100 plots in 1km2 were sampled according to
designated habitat types. Selected anthropogenic and environmental
factors were obtained, and biodiversity indices were applied on the field
data for further analyses. According to the results, habitat types with
higher anthropogenic activities (e.g. roadside, cemetery, crop field) were
highly invaded. Plant invasions were facilitated by anthropogenic
activities (including both diversity and intensity) as well as environmental
factors. Significantly positive relationships were found between
anthropogenic activities (e.g. landscape heterogeneity, exploitation
intensity, and agriculture factor) and the biodiversity and dominance of
naturalized species. On the other hand, exploitation intensity was
negatively correlated to native biodiversity. Propagule pressure and
disturbances created by anthropogenic activities may be the major
mechanism facilitating biodiversity and dominance of naturalized species.
II
Environmental factors including elevation-temperature and precipitation
factors were negatively correlated to naturalized biodiversity but
positively correlated to native biodiversity. Native—exotic richness
relationships were also examined under different plot characteristics at
same spatial scale. Negative relationships (more native less exotic) were
found at plots with lower anthropogenic activities, while positive
relationships (more native more exotic) were found at plots with higher
anthropogenic activities. The mechanisms related to the native—exotic
relationship transformation may be biotic resistance in negative
relationships and abiotic factors including landscape heterogeneity in
positive relationships. This result demonstrated the new evidence of how
anthropogenic activities affect plant invasions and also made the current
discussions in native—exotic richness relationships more comprehensive.
These results can provide valuable direction in the management of
naturalized plants.

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