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研究生：	許群 Chun Hsu
論文名稱：	臺灣海峽海流的季節與年際變化 Seasonal and interannual variability of the Taiwan Strait current
指導教授：	吳朝榮 Wu, Chau-Ron
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	地球科學系 Department of Earth Sciences
論文出版年：	2006
畢業學年度：	94
論文頁數：	93
中文關鍵詞：	臺灣海峽、季節變化、年際變化、海洋數值模擬
英文關鍵詞：	Taiwan strait, seasonal, interannual, numerical modeling
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：213 下載：40
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摘要
本研究建構了一個高解析度的臺灣海峽模式，並利用此模式來研究海峽流場與溫度場之季節與年際變化。模式的初始條件及邊界條件是使用東亞邊緣海模式之輸出結果，水平的網格配置則使用正交曲線座標，模式解析度在海峽內部約3公里向外逐漸遞減至10公里。
臺灣海峽模式之輸出場與現有的觀測資料比對結果相當一致，可以重建臺灣海峽時空變化的特性。就季節變化而言，風向季節性的轉變對於臺灣海峽有顯著的影響；盛行西南季風的夏季時，海峽流場以北向海流為主，並在彰雲隆起一帶出現上下分層的流場結構。此外，在海峽西部及臺灣灘一帶，有湧升流所造成的低溫區出現。冬季時風場轉為東北風，隨風南下的低溫海水與經海峽凹陷地形北上的溫暖海水在烏坵凹陷一帶相遇，並在海峽北部與中部分別形成U型及順時鐘的環流型態；而溫度場則是呈現南暖北冷的分布狀況。另外，在東北風盛行的冬季，海峽流場對於東北增強事件，也會有相對應的反應歷程。
就年際變化而言，在2001 ~2003年間的夏季，臺灣海峽西南風場強度以2003年為最強，在此風場的帶動下，海峽西北方低溫區的範圍與強度呈現三年中最明顯的一次。在2002/2003 年ENSO發生的冬季，其東北風較正常年減弱，而使得海峽內部南向傳輸較正常年減弱，此時南向的冷水勢力退縮，而北上的暖水勢力增強，這兩股勢力的消長，因而讓海峽溫度場分布與正常年有所不同。整體而言，風場強度及風向之改變對於臺灣海峽流場與溫度場的變化型態有密切關係，流場與溫度場之季節或是年際變化都直接受到風場的影響。

目錄
致謝.....................................................I
摘要...................................................III
目錄.....................................................V
圖目錄..................................................VIII
第一章 緒論......................................................1
1.0前言.................................................1
1.1地理環境簡介.........................................1
1.2 文獻回顧............................................3
    1.2.1 臺灣海峽之傳輸量.............................3
    1.2.2臺灣海峽之流場................................5
    1.2.2.1臺灣海峽流場之長期空間分布....................5
    1.2.2.2灣海峽流場之季節變化.........................6
    1.2.3 臺灣海峽之水團...............................9
    1.2.4臺灣海峽之年際變化............................11
    1.3 研究目的......................................14
第二章 研究工具與方法...................................17
    2.1 研究方法......................................17
    2.2普林斯頓海洋數值模式.............................17
    2.2.1 POM特色......................................18
    2.2.2 POM模式理論..................................20
    2.3 東亞邊緣海模式(East Asian Marginal Seas，EAMS)..26    2.4 臺灣海峽模式(Taiwan Strait Model，TSM)..............27
    2.4.1 模式設計理念..................................27
        2.4.2模式簡介...................................28
    2.4.3 模式初始條件與邊界條件的提供與設定...............29
    2.4.4 外力........................................30
        2.4.5 科氏力參數...............................31
第三章 模式結果及討論...................................36
    3.1 模式結果與認證..................................36
    3.1.1 臺灣海峽全年平均流況..........................36
    3.1.2 臺灣海峽傳輸量...............................38
    3.1.3 流速垂直剖面之時間序列.......................39
    3.1.4 海峽斷面之流況.............................43
    3.1.5 海峽流況對於東北風增強事件的反應歷程............45
    3.2 臺灣海峽之季節變化...........................48
    3.2.1臺灣海峽風場之變化情況......................48
    3.2.2 夏季時海峽流場與溫度場.....................50
    3.2.3 冬季時海峽流場與溫度場.....................52
    3.3 臺灣海峽之年際變化..........................56
    3.3.1 正常年與聖嬰年的定義......................56
    3.3.2 風場、傳輸量的年際變化.....................56
    3.3.3流場、溫場的年際變化.........................59
第四章 結論與未來工作.................................91
    4.1 結論.......................................91
    4.2 未來工作.................................93
參考文獻..........................................94

圖目錄
圖.........................................頁碼
圖1-1臺灣海峽水深與等值線圖........................16
圖2-1 Arakawa C 格點配置二維資料之格點配置方式.......32
圖2-2 Arakawa C 格點配置三維資料之格點配置方式..........32
圖2-3空間正交曲線座標表示圖..........................33
圖2-4 σ座標表示圖..............................33
圖2-5東亞邊緣海模式(EAMS)與臺灣海峽模式(TSM)巢狀結構圖..34
圖2-6臺灣海峽模式(TSM)範圍及水平方向格點分布.........35
圖3-1臺灣周邊海域20公尺全年平均流況圖..................65
圖3-2臺灣周邊海域50公尺全年平均流況圖...................66
圖3-3臺灣海峽全年平均流場(模式結果)....................67
圖3-4 1999/10~1999/11臺灣海峽傳輸量...................68
圖3-5 1999/09/24~1999/12/14烏坵風速與C1站順沿海峽方向流速
.........................................................69
圖3-6 1999/09/24~1999/12/14 C2站順沿海峽方向流速.......70
圖3-7 1999/09/24~1999/12/14 C3站順沿海峽方向流速.......71
圖3-8 1999/09/24~1999/12/14 C4站順沿海峽方向流速.......72
圖3-9三次東北風增強事件，事件前、中、後海峽上順沿海峽方向之流速空間分布圖(觀測結果)...............................73
圖3-10三次東北風增強事件，事件前、中、後L1測線上順沿海峽方向流速空間分布圖(TSM結果).................................74
圖3-11臺灣海峽流況對於東北風增強事件的反應歷程圖(模式結果)
..................................................75
圖3-12東吉島與QuikSCAT風場資料散佈圖...................76
圖3-13東吉島氣象站1999至2003年逐月平均之風場棍棒圖.......77
圖3-14臺灣海峽7月平均流場(模式結果).................78
圖3-15臺灣海峽7月平均溫度場(模式結果)...............79
圖3-16臺灣海峽1月平均流場(模式結果)..............80
圖3-17臺灣海峽1月平均溫度場(模式結果) ..............81
圖3-18 Niño 3.4範圍圖..................82
圖3-19 1999~2003年間ONI變化曲線圖......................82
圖3-20聖嬰現象、風場與傳輸量之關係圖.............83
圖3-21 2001年7月溫度場與風速場空間分布............84
圖3-22 2002年7月溫度場與風速場空間分布...............85
圖3-23 2003年7月溫度場與風速場空間分布..........86
圖3-24 TSM 2001年8月平均流場(10公尺) ................87
圖3-25 10~12月20公尺流場結果(模式結果) .............88
圖3-26 10~12月20公尺溫度場結果(模式結果) ...................89
圖3-27 2000年10~12月流場與風速場結果(模式結果) ............90
                                

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