研究生: |
池汾玫 CHIH FEN MEI |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
冠壯動脈心臟病患憂鬱程度和自我照顧效能之相關研究 The Relationship of Depression and Self-Care Efficacy in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease |
指導教授: | 賴香如 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
健康促進與衛生教育學系 Department of Health Promotion and Health Education |
論文出版年: | 2002 |
畢業學年度: | 90 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 97 |
中文關鍵詞: | 冠狀動脈心臟病患 、自我照顧認知 、社會支持 、憂鬱 、自我照顧效能 、左心室射出比 |
英文關鍵詞: | Patient with Coronary Artery Disease, perception of self-care, social support, depression, self-care efficacy, ejection fraction |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:360 下載:41 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究之目的主要是在探討冠狀動脈心臟病患憂鬱程度和自我照顧效能之相關。研究採用結構式問卷訪談,以立意取樣搜集某教學醫院之住院冠狀動脈心臟病患為研究對象。於90年6月至10月間進行第一次調查,共搜集180位樣本,調查內容包括病患之背景因素、自我照顧認知、社會支持、支持滿意度、憂鬱程度和自我照顧效能。另外,於病患出院三個月後進行第二次電話調查,此時僅調查憂鬱程度和自我照顧效能問卷,共追蹤到126位。搜集之資料以描述性統計、t檢定、pair-t、卡方檢定、ANOVA及複迴歸等統計方法進行分析。
研究結果如下:
一、 研究對象整體自我照顧認知良好,社會支持程度屬中上,對支持感到相當滿意。
二、 研究對象住院時的憂鬱程度多屬正常佔83.9﹪,輕度憂鬱佔15.5﹪,中重度憂鬱則為最少佔0.6﹪;出院三個月後憂鬱程度正常者佔87.3﹪,輕度憂鬱佔9.5﹪,中重度憂鬱佔3.2﹪;且兩次調查的憂鬱程度間有顯著相關。
三、 研究對象住院時及出院三個月後的自我照顧效能均屬良好,且兩次調查之自我照顧效能有顯著相關。
四、控制背景因素及相關變項後,住院時的憂鬱程度無法預測出院三個月後的自我照顧效能;而住院時的自我照顧效能亦無法預測出院三個月後的憂鬱程度。因此,憂鬱程度與自我照顧效能間沒有顯著因果關係。
五、自覺目前活動狀況是憂鬱程度的良好預測變項;而性別、自覺疾病嚴重度、左心室射出比和目前活動狀況是自我照顧效能的良好預測變項。
根據研究結果對冠狀動脈心臟病患衛生教育介入,以及未來研究提出相關建議。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of depression and self-care efficacy in coronary artery disease patients . A descriptive and correlation design was adopted . Data was collected by structured questionnaires , which included a “backgrounds” , a “perception of self-care”, a “social support scale” , a “support satisfaction scale” , a “Zung’S depression scale” and a “self-care efficacy scale” . The first investigate , a total of 180 subjects who met the selection criteria , were selected from cardiovascular medical units at teaching hospital by purposive sampling from June to October , 2001. After three month discharged , 126 subjects completing follow up . Descriptive statistics, t-test, pair-t test, Chi-square test, ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression were used to analyze the data.
The major findings of the study were as follows:
1. The perception of self-care of subjects were well. Social support were above middle class and support satisfaction were very well.
2. 83.9﹪of subjects have normal depression mood, 15.5﹪of subjects have mild depression . 0.6﹪of subjects have mod to severe depression during hospitalized . After 3 months discharged, 87.3﹪of subjects have normal depression mood , 9.5% have mild depression . 3.2﹪have mod to severe depression .At baseline and three month follow up , the data was showed significant correlation .
3. The self-care efficacy of subjects all were well at hospital and discharge . At baseline and three month follow up , the data was showed significant correlation .
4. Controlling for backgrounds and other variances , depression and self-care efficacy are not causality.
5. The patient’s Perception of activity was the most important predictor in depression . Sex, Perception of severity, left ventricular ejection fraction, and Perception of activity were important predictor in self-care efficacy.
Recommendations for coronary artery disease patients educational interventions were made . Future studies were also suggested.
一、中文部分
丁予安(1995)‧國人血脂異常診療及預防指引‧內科學誌,6,228-239。
王賡堯(1988)‧冠狀動脈疾病的心臟復健‧國防醫學,7(6),582-584。
王璟璇、王瑞霞、林秋菊(1998)‧自我照顧行為自我效能和社會支持對初期非胰島素依賴型糖尿病患者血糖控制之影響‧高雄醫學院雜誌,14,807-815。
王潤倫、林少琳、將洪霆(1997)‧心臟血管疾病之危險因子之控制—預防重於治療‧臨床醫學,40(3),172-77。
孔繁鐘、孔繁錦編譯(1997)‧DSM-Ⅳ精神疾病診斷準則手冊‧台北:合記。
戎僅如、蕭淑貞(1994)‧老年人健康功能評估問卷及量表之簡介‧醫學繼續教育,4(1),86-92。
江惠英、鍾信心(1996)‧血液透析病人疲倦感與社會支持、憂鬱傾向及血液生化檢驗質相關性探討‧護理研究,5(2),115-126。
江素微、高紀惠(1999)‧心臟復建護理方案對AMI病人活動探討進展之影響‧教育部主辦,心臟復建護理研討會講義,31-39‧台北:台大醫學院。
呂碧鴻、李明濱(1994)‧北縣兩所群體醫療執業中心隱性憂鬱症之調查研究‧中華家醫誌,4(2),73-82。
呂碧鴻、梁繼權、范姜群信、陳秀蓉(1995)‧社會支持、家庭互動與心理健康之關係‧中華家醫誌,5(4),173-182。
汪素敏、顧乃平、林幸台、魏徵(1998)‧心臟移植術後病人症狀困擾、社會支持與自我照顧行為相關之探討‧護理研究,6(1),4-17。
李源德、朱樹勳、黃博昭、蔡忠文、王水深及冠狀動脈心臟病研究小組(1993)‧台灣的冠狀動脈心臟病‧台灣醫誌,92(4),184-197。
邱裕峰、張智仁、葉宗烈(1991)‧北門鄉老人認知障礙和憂鬱鄭的盛行率:問卷調查‧中華精神醫學,5(3),123-131。
邱愛芳(1998)‧花蓮地區非胰島素依賴型糖尿病患者居家自我照顧行為及其相關因素之探討‧花蓮:慈濟醫學院護理研究所碩士論文。
林正介、李燕鳴、劉樹泉(1995)‧影響新店社區老人憂鬱情緒之因素‧中華家
醫誌,5(1),1-11。
林玉慧(1980)‧心肌梗塞病人的心臟復健—運動‧護理雜誌,37(4),76-91。
林青山(1992)‧心理與教育統計學‧台北:東華。
林宜貞、張素凰(1988)‧冠狀動脈心臟病患的壓力源及其應變型態—初步探討性研究‧公共衛生,15(1),57-70。
林明珍(1990)‧住院心肌梗塞病人實施團體衛教之成效探討‧台北:國防醫學院護理碩士論文。
林碧珠、黃嗣棻(1993)‧接受機械性人工心瓣膜置換術病人出院後一個月身心反應、自我照顧行為及其相關因素之探討‧護理雜誌,40(4),37-46。
周嘉裕(1993)‧冠狀動脈疾病之治療‧臨床醫學,32(6),401-412。
吳宏蘭(1993)‧某教學醫院參加健康檢查者之運動及攝鈉行為探討‧台北:國
立師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。
吳淑瓊(1984)‧自述性之健康測量‧中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌,4,19-25。
吳韻淑(1991)‧影響血液透析病人自我照顧行為因素之探討‧台北:國立師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。
胡文郁、曾春典、戴玉慈、余玉眉(1996)‧高血壓患者服藥遵從行為及其相關因素之探討‧中華衛誌,15(4),319-332。
洪明銳、程文俊(1997)‧不穩定型心絞痛‧當代醫學,24(8),635-638。
洪志秀(1994)‧歐氏護理理論與其在復健護理的應用‧榮總護理,11(1),90-95。
姜逸群、呂槃、江永盛、黃雅文(1988)‧民眾健康意識及中老年病之預防健康行為調查‧衛生教育雜誌,9,67-81。
柯慧貞、黃耿妍、李毅達、莊麗珍(1996)‧貝氏憂鬱量表應用於國內周產期憂鬱症篩選之適用性‧中華衛誌,15(3),208-211。
高迪理(1991)‧社會支持體系概念之架構之探討‧社區發展季刊,45,24-32。
高紀惠(1992)‧心臟復健運動對活動耐力進展效應之探討‧護理雜誌,39(3),63-70。
高啟雯、顧乃平(1997)‧結腸造口病人出院前自我照顧能力及其相關因素之探討‧護理研究,5(5),413-423。
徐斌、王效道主編(1993)‧心身醫學—心理生理醫學的基礎與臨床‧台北:合記。
唐憶淨(1998)‧老年人自覺健康狀態及其影響因素‧台中:中山醫學院醫學研究所碩士論文。
唐憶淨、李孟智、王玉潯、吳麗芬、黃孝鏘、卓良珍、周崇頌(1999)‧老年人自覺健康狀態及其影響因素‧中華家醫誌,9(1),31-42。
傅振宗、曾良達、李志成(1988)‧農村社會老人的CES-D憂鬱分數之相關因素探討‧台灣醫誌,87(3),365-368。
陳漢英(1980)‧心臟復健—後衛前鋒‧護理雜誌,37(4),88-96。
陳永成、陳珠璋(1979)‧需要鑑別診斷的憂鬱性精神官能症‧當代醫學,6(6),91-97。
陳秀珠(1999)‧老人運動行為及其相關因素研究--以台北市基督長老教會松年大學五十五歲以上學員為例‧台北:師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。
陳炯明、連文彬(1963)。台灣之心臟血管疾患。台灣醫誌,3,256-272。
陳錫銘(1992)‧憂鬱的主要認知行為理論‧諮商與輔導,81,6-10。
陳慶餘、鄭逸如、陳晶瑩、吳英璋(1992)‧慢性疾病患者臨床調適之研究‧中華家醫誌,2(3),93-101。
黃中信(1999)‧急性心肌梗塞患者出院後之心理社會調適及其相關因素‧高雄:高雄醫學院公共衛生碩士論文。
黃博昭(1998)‧冠狀動脈症候群‧當代醫學,25(3),178-183。
黃翠媛、施素娥、劉善欣、黃秀梨(1995)‧心臟病患出院後對支持性團體需求之探討‧護理雜誌,42(1),65-72。
黃翠媛、黃秀梨(1995)‧冠狀動脈疾病病人的疾病認知、態度和自我照顧行為之探討‧護理研究,3(3),225-234。
黃翠媛、黃秀梨(1997)‧團體衛教對冠狀動脈疾病病人認知態度與自我照顧行為之影響‧護理研究,5(1),88-97。
黃鴻基、白璐‧成人生活事件之壓力知覺研究‧心理與精神衛生第一輯,31-57。
黃璉華(1992)‧老人生活滿意度相關因素之因徑分析‧護理雜誌,39(4),37-47。
黃麗卿、賴和鴻、李龍騰、鍾嫈嫈(1995)‧社區高血壓病患服藥之遵醫囑性及衛生
教育成果—以台北縣平溪鄉、石碇鄉、深坑鄉為例‧中華家醫誌,5,147-157。
梁繼權、呂碧鴻、李明濱、湯麗玉(1998)‧成年人慢性病壓力與憂鬱相關之探討‧中華家醫誌,8(3),124-133。
張艾如、柯慧貞、葉宗烈、陸汝斌(1996)‧簡式認知型態測驗與認知錯誤問卷之信度與效度‧中華精神醫學,10(1),36-44。
張淑紅、黃璉華、李源德(1996)‧個別衛生教育介入對高脂血個案知識、健康信念、
自我效能、行為之影響‧中華衛誌,15(3),188-196。
張峰紫、林秋菊(1997)‧以自我效力評估胰島素依賴型糖尿病患者之自我照顧情形‧
高雄醫學科學雜誌,13(6),351-359。
張蓉蘭、馬素華、柯毓麟、樓迎統(1991)‧衛教方案對冠狀動脈擴張數病患危險因
素監控知識、態度與行為之成效‧長庚護理,12(2),101-109。
曾憲洋、張明永(1995)‧老年期憂鬱性疾病‧中華心理衛生學刊,8(3),5-20。
程俊傑(2000)‧急性心肌梗塞的最新治療‧J Emerg Crit Care Med. ,11(1),1-7。
蔡美月(1996)‧台北市某活動中心六十歲以上老人運動行為及其影響因素之研究‧
台北:國立師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。
葉英堃、文榮光、胡海國(1979)‧臨床心身醫學—照會精神醫師‧台北:大林。
葉英堃(1995)‧生活事件、社會支持與精神疾病‧中華精神醫學,9(3),177-186。
葉英堃2000)‧從「焦慮症」到「憂鬱症」:觀念的演變與其臨床意義‧台灣精神醫學,14(3),1-2。
莊壽洛(1999)‧醫護病理學‧台北:華杏。
楊宜青、莊善安、高雅慧、黃守正、張智仁(1995)‧藥師在社區進行高血壓衛教之先趨研究‧中華家醫誌,5,12-19。
楊淑申(1974)‧憂鬱症病人認識‧護理雜誌,21(4),4 -6。
楊國樞、文崇一、吳聰賢、李亦園編著(1992)‧社會及行為科學研究法‧台北:東華。
楊惠娟(1998)‧重型β海洋性貧血青少年疾病知識、社會支持與自我照顧行為之探討‧台北:台灣大學護理研究所碩士論文。
鄒海月譯(Taylor, S. G. 演講)(1993)‧從自我照顧缺失理論談護理診斷之架構‧
榮總護理,10(2),171-175。
鄒信子(1981)‧台北市延平區老人心理衛生:問卷調查‧衛生行政,1(2),25-34。
梨新彬、李啟明、簡國龍、許秀卿、黃玉真、李源德(1997)‧國人之血脂異常與冠狀動脈疾病的關係‧內科學誌,8,12-17。
鄭逸如、吳英璋、呂碧鴻(1999)‧生物心理社會取向之壓力衡鑑與壓力調適之效果
評估‧應用心理研究,3,191-217。
鄭惠信、史麗珠、謝瀛華、盧成皆(1995)‧老年人憂鬱因子之相關研究‧內科學誌,6,125-134。
鄭綺(1996)‧冠狀動脈疾病病人運動行為與運動成效相關性之探討‧長庚護理,7(4),1-10。
趙崇舜、趙崇良(1997)‧心臟血管危險因子的改變與治療—是克服冠狀動脈心臟病的首要任務‧當代醫學,24(4),293-295。
蔡仁貞(1988)‧歐氏自我照顧理論與臨床護理上的應用‧榮總護理,5(2),173-179。
蔡仁貞(1996)‧冠狀動脈心臟病患疲倦感受度、運動耐力與日常活動量之探討‧護理研究,4(4),312-319。
蔡佩姍、胡琪容(1997)‧冠狀動脈繞道手術病人出院後身體恢復及心理社會調適情形與相關因素之探討‧長庚護理,8(4),1-12。
熊曉芳(1999)‧社區獨居老人健康狀況,社會支持及相關因素探討‧台北:台灣大學護理研究所碩士論文。
蕭淑貞、陳月枝、蔡世澤、林瑞祥、李燕晉、宣立人、戴東原(1994)‧胰島素依賴型糖尿病病患自我照顧之情形及對糖尿病控制之影響‧中華公共衛生雜誌,13(3),276-284。
盧美秀(1991)‧比較團體衛教和個別衛教對糖尿病病人知識、態度、行為和血糖變化的影響‧護理雜誌,38(4),101-102。
魏麗敏(1994)‧憂鬱量表的編制及其在輔導上的應用‧諮商與輔導,108,15-19。
謝瀛華、鄭惠信、張利中(1992)‧六十五歲以上健診老人之家庭支持與其憂鬱及痴呆傾向之相關研‧公共衛生,19(1),86-92。
謝瀛華、鄭惠信、林張賢、林英欽、洪清霖(1995)‧台北市某社區六十五歲以上老人日常生活依賴程度之研究‧北醫學報,24(1),9-17。
闕清模(1982)‧內科疾患的憂鬱症狀‧臨床醫學,9(4),346-356。
藺寶珍、王瑞霞(1997)‧肥胖國中生的體重控制自覺自我效力及相關因素‧護理研究,5(5),401-411。
蘇彙君(1998)‧社會支持、自我效能與國中學生壓力因應歷程中認知評估及因應策略的相關研究‧台北:師範大學教育心理與輔導碩士論文。
二、英文部分
Anderson, R. A.(2001).Psychological Disease.Clinician’s Guide to Holistic Medicine. McGraw-Hill, 243-245。
Balady, G. J. , Fletcher, B. J. , Froelicher, E. S.(1994). Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs . A Stasment For Healthcare Professionals From The American Heart Associaction. Circulation, 90 ,1602-1612。
Bandura, A.(1982).Self-Efficacy Mechanism In Human Agency. American Psycholoogist, 37(2),122-147。
Bandura, A.(1977).Self-Efficacy : Toward A Unifying Theory Of Behavior Change. Psycological Review,84(2), 191-215.
Barefoot, J. C., Helm, M. .J., .Mark, D. B., Blumenthal, J. A., Califf, R. M., Haney, T. L., O’Connor, C. .M. & Siegler, I. C.(1996). Depression and Long-Term Mortality Risk in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. The American J. of Cardiology, 78, 613-617。
Barefoot, J. C. & Schroll, M. (1996).Symptoms of Depression , Acute Myocardial Infarction , and Total Motality in a Community Sample . Circulation, 93(10),1976-1980。
Bear, L. , Jacobs, D. G. , Cukor, P. , O’Laughlen, J. , Coyle, J.T. & Magruder, K..M. (1995).Automated Telephone Screening Survey For Depresssion . JAMA,273(24),1943-1944。
Beck, A. T. , Ward, C. H. , Mendelson, M. , Mock, J. & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An Inventory for Measuring Depression. Archive of general psychiatry, 4, 53-63。
Bernard, W. K. (1991). Depression and Physical Health in old age . Health and Hygiene, 12, 172-175。
Bernard, I.(1992). Depression . New York :Oxford Medical Publications。
Bendt, D. J. , Schwart, S. & Kaiser, C. K. (1983).Readability Of Self-Report Depression Inventories . Jounral of Consulting And Clinical Psychology,51(4),627-628。
Berkhuysen, M. A. , Nieuwland, W. ,Buunk, B. P. , Sanderman, P. R. (1999).Change In Self-Efficacy During Cardiac Rehabilitation And The Role Of Perceived Overprotectiveness. Patient Education And Conseling ,38, 21-32。
Brown, A. S. J. , Watson, C. G. , Plemel, D, Demotts, J., Howard, M. T. , Petrik, N. & Balleweg, B. J. (1985).Comparsion Of The Validities Of Beck, Zung, And MMPI Depression Scales . Jounral Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology,53(3),415-418。
Brummett, B. H. , Babyak, M. .A. , Barefoot, J. C. , Bosworth,H. B. , Clapp-Channing, N. E. , Siegler, I. C. , Williams, R. B. & Mark, D.B.(1998). Social Support and Hostility as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Cardiac Patients One Month after
Hospitalization : A Prospective Study . Am Psychosomatic Society, 60(6), 707-713。
Carney, R. M. , Rich, M.W. , Tevelde, A. , Saini , J. , Clark, K. & Jaffe, A. S. (1987). Major Depression Disorder in Coronary Artery Disease . Am J. Cardiol , 60 , 1273-1275。
Carroll, D. L.(1995).The importance of self-efficacy expectations in elderly patients recovering from coronary artery bypass surgery . Heart & Lung ,24(1),50-59.
Carslon, J.J., Norman, G. J. , Feltz, D. L. Franklin, B.A. ,Jonson, J. A. & Lockle, S. K. (2001). Self-Efficacy , Psychosocial Factors , And Exercise Behavior In Traditional Versus Modified Cardiac Rehabilitation . Journal Of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation , 21 , 363-373。
Carney, R. M. , Rich, M.W. , Freedland, K.E. , Saini, J.,Tevelde, A. , Simeone, C. , & Clark, K.(1988). Major depressive disorder predicts cardiac events in patient with coronary artery disease. Psychosom Med , 50 , 627-633。
Cassel, J.(1974). An Epidemiological Perspective of Psychosocial Factors in Disease Etiology. AJPH, 64(11), 1040-1043。
Clark, D. O. & Nothwehr, F. (1999).Exercise Self-Efficacy and Its Correlates Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Older Adults. Health Education & Behavior,26(4),535-546.
Clarke, D. E. ,Walker, J. R. ,Cuddy, T.E.(1996).The Role Of Percevied Overprotective Ness In Recovery 3 Month After Myocardial Infraction. Journal Of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation , 16 , 372-377。
Clark, N. M. , Dodge, J. A. (1999).Exploring Self-Efficacy As A Predictor Of Disease Management. Health Education & Behavior,26(1),72-89。
Cole, G.M.(2001).The impact of geriatric post-discharge services on mental state . Age and Ageing ,30,415-418。
Con, A.H. , Linden, W. , Thompson, J.M. & Ignaszewski, A. (1999). The Psychology of Men and Women Recovering From Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. J. Cardiopulmonary Rehabil , 19, 152-161。
Connelly, C.E.(1987).self-care and chronically ill patient . Nursing Clinics of Noth America ,22(3),621-629。
Farbay, P.S. , Yanowitz, F.G. & Wilson, P.K.(1995). Cardiac Rehabilitation:Adult Fitness and Exercise Testing . U.S.:Williams & Wilkins。
Fergurson, R. M. , & Alyn, I. B. (1982). Patient and spouse perception of gains and losses following an acute myocardial infarction . Circulation , 66(4),64。
Fitzgerald,S. T. ,Becker, D. M. ,Celentaneous, D.D. ,Swank, R. , Brinker, J. (1989). Return to work after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am. J. Cardiol, 64,1108-1112.
Fitzpatricj, R. , Newman, S. , Archer, R. & Shipley, M. (1991). Social Support , Disability and Depression : A Longitudinal Study of Rheumatoid Arthritis . Soc. Sci. Med., 33(5), 605-611。
Frasure-Smith, N. , Lesperance, F. & Talajic, M.(1995).Depression and 18-month prognosis after myocardial infraction . Circulation , 91, 999-1005。
Froelicher, E. S. ,Christopherson, D. J. ,Miller, N. H. ,Martin, K. & Berkeley, K.(2002).Women’S Initiative For Nonsmoking(WINS)IV : Description Of 277 Women Smokers Hospitalized With Cardiovascular Disease. Heart & Lung , 31(1),3-14.
Gallacher, J. E. J. , Hopkinson, C. A. , Bennett, P. , Burr, M. L. & Elwood, P. C. (1997). Effect of Stress Management on Angina. Psychology and Health, 12, 523-532。
Gill, D. L. , Kelly, B. C. ,Willams, K. & Martin, J. J.(1994).The Relationship Of Self-Efficacy And Perceived Well-Being To Physical Activity And Stair Climbing In Old Adults. Research Quarterly For Exercise And Sport, 65(4),367-371.
Glanz, K. , Lewis, F. M. & Rimer, B. K.(1997). Health Behavior and Health Education(2 edition). San Francisco:Jossey-Bass。
Grace, S. L. , Abbey, S. E. , Shnek, Z. M. , Irvin, J. , Franche, R. L. , Stewart, D. E.
( 2002 ).Cardiac Rehabilitation Ⅰ : Review of Psychosocial Factors . General
Hospital Psychiatry , 24 , 121-126.
Grace, S. L. , Abbey, S. E. , Shnek, Z. M. , Irvin, J. , Franche, R. L. , Stewart, D. E.
( 2002 ).Cardiac Rehabilitation Ⅱ: Referral and Participation . General
Hospital Psychiatry , 24 , 127-134.
Griffin, p.t. & Kogut, d. (1988).Validity Of Orally Administered Beck And Zung Depression Scales In A State Hospital Setting. Jounal of Clinical Psychology,44(5),756-759。
Jeng, C. , Yang, H. C. , Wai, P. M. , Tsai, J. C. Wei, L. L. , & Chen, S. U.(2002). Investigation Of The Difference Between Tredmill Self-Efficacy And Actual Performance In Taiwaneses Patients With Chonic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Heart & Lung ,31(2),150-156.
Karen, R. L.(1984).Family Support and Education. In Hall, L. K.(Eds.), Cardic Rehabilitation :Exercise Testing and Prescription—Family Support and Education(293-301). New York:Spectrum Publications。
Holahan, C. J. & Holahan, C. K.(1997). Psychosocial Adjustment Patients Reporting Cardic Illness. Psychology and Health, 12, 345-359。
Holahan, C. J. ,Moos, R. H. , Holahan, C. K. & Brennan, P.L. (1997).Social Context, Coping Strategies, and Depression Symptoms:An Expanded Model With Cardiac Patients. Jounary of Personality and Social Psycology,72(4),918-928.
Kaplan, G. A. , Roberts, R. E. , Camacho, T. C. & Coyne, J. C. (1987). Psychosocial Predictors of Depression. A.m J. Epidemiology, 125(2), 206-219。
Kavanagh, D.J.(1992). Self-Efficacy and Depression. In Schwarzer, R.(Eds.), Self-Efficacy Thought Control of Action(177-193). United States:Hemisphere Publishing Corporaion.
King, K. B.(1997). Psychological and Social aspects of Cardiovascular disease. Annals of Behavior Medicine. 19(3), 261-70。
Li, Y. Z. , Bruce, R. A. , Ting, N. & Yang, C. L.(1981). Incidence and risk factors of coronary heart disease and cerebral vascular accident in Chinese men:A remarkable low prevalence of risk factors of coronary heart disease . Chin J. Cardiol, 1, 143-55。
Lee, Y. T. & Tjung, J. J.(1981). Young patients with AMI in Taiwan—A study on clinical manifestations, risk factors, angiographic characteristics and outcome. Chin J. Cardiol, 1,156-68。
Leon, C.F.M., DiLillo, V.,Czajkowski, S.,Norten, Catellier, J., & Blumenthal,J. A.(2001)。Psychosocial Characteristics After Acute Myocardial Infarction:The Enrichd Pilot Study . Journal Of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 21,353-362。
Lev, E. L. & Owen, S.V.(1998).A Prospective Study of Ajustment to Hemodialysis. ANNA Journal, 25(5),495-504.
Levitt, E. E., Lubin, B. & Brooks, J. M. (1983). Depression—concepts, controversies, and some new factors . New York:Lawrence Erlbaum Associaction.
Lesperance, F. , Frasure-Smith, N. & Talajic, M. (1996). .Major Depression before and after Myocardial Infraction . Its Nature and Consequences. Psychosomatic Medicine, 58, 99-110。
Levine, J. B. , Covino, N. A. , Slack, W. V. , Safranv , C. , Safran, D. B. , Boro, J. E. , Davis, R. B. , Buchanan, G. M. & Gervino, E. V. (1996). Psychological Predictors of Subsequent Medical Care Among Patients Hospitalized With Cardiac Disease. J. Cardiopulmonary Rehabil , 16, 109-116。
Maclachlan, M. , Ager, A. & Brown, J.(1996). Health Locus of Control in Malawi : A failure to support the cross-cultural validity of the HLOCQ . Psychology and Health . 12, 33-38。
Mullaney, J.(1987). Measurement of Anxiety and Depression . In Racagni, G. & Smeraldi, E.(Eds.), Anxious Depression and Treatment(pp.7-19). New York:Raven Press。
Orem, D.(1991).Nursing:Concepts Of Practice(4th. Ed.).St. Louis, MO:C.V. Mosby Company.
Penninx, B.W. , Tilburg, T. , Boeke, A. J. , Deeg, D. , Kriegsman, D. & Eijk, J. (1998). Effects of Social Support and Personal Coping Resources on Depressive Symptoms : Different for Various Chronic Disease. Health Psycology, 17(6), 551-558。
Penninx, B. W. , Tilburg, T. , Boeke, A. J. , Deeg, D. , Kriegsman, D. & Eijk, J.(1997). Effects of Social Support and Personal Coping Resources on Mortality in older age : The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam . American J. of Epidemiology, 146(6), 510-519。
Priscilla, E.(1989). Caring for the psychogeriatric client. New York: Springer。
Radloff, L. S. (1977).The CES-D Scale:A Self-Report Depression Scale For Research In The General Population. Applied Psychological Measurement , 1, 385-401。
Renold, C.F. , Small, G.W. , Stein, E.M. & Teri, L. (1994).When Depression Strikes The Elderly Patients . Patient Care,28,85-97。
Renolds, C.F., Frank, E. & Perel,J.M.(1999). Practical Briefings — Clinical news you can put into practice. Patient care, 30, 19-20。
Riegel, B. J. & Dracup, K.A.(1992).Dose overprotection cause cardiac invalidatism after acute myocardial infarction?Heart & Lung, 21, 529-535。
Rodin G. , Craven, J. & Littlefield, C.(1991). Depression in the medically ill—An integrated approach. New York:Brunner Mazel。
Schleifer, S. J. , Macari-Hinson, M. M. , Coyle, D. A. , Slater, W. R. , Kahn, M. , Gorlin, R. & Zucker, H. D.(1989). The Nature and Course of Depression following Myocardial Infraction . Arch Intern Med , 149, 1785-1789。
Schuster, C., Petosa, R. & Petosa, S.(1995). Using Social Cognitive Theory to predict intentional exercise in post-retirement adults. J. of Health Eduction, 26(1), 14-19。
Spitz, R. L. , Williams, J. B. W. , Kroenke, k. , Linzer, M. , Hahn, S. R. , Brody, D. & Johnson, J. G. (1994). Utility of new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. JAMA , 272(22), 1749-1756。
Steinhart, M. J.(1991). Depression and chronic fatique in the patient with heart disease. Primary Care , 18(2), 309-324。
Stern, M. J. ,Pascale, L. &Ackerman, A.(1977).Life Ajustment Postmyocadial Infaraction. Arch. Inter. Med. ,137,1680-1685.
Sullivan, M.D. , LaCroix, A. Z. , Russo, J. & Katon, W. J. (1998). Self-Efficacy and Self-Reported Funtional Status in Coronary Heart Disease:A Six-Month Prospective Study. Am. Psychomatic Society, 60(4), 473-478。
Taylor, C. B. , Miller, N. H. , Smith, P. M. , DeBusk, R. F. (1997).The effect of home based , case managed , multifactorial risk program on psychological distress in patients with cardiovascular disease . J. Cardiopulm rehabil ,17, 1-6。
Tsai, H. C. & Tseng, W. P.(1967). Coronary heart disease and hypertension in Taiwan aborigines. Am J. Epidemiol, 86, 253-263。
Tseng, Y. Z., Tseng, W. P. & Chen, C. M.(1974). Electrocardiographic findings in Chinese urban population. J. Formos Med. Assoc., 73, 89-104。
Wassertheil-Smoller, S. , Applegate, W. B. , Berge, K. , Chang, C. J. , Davis, B. R. , Grimm, R. , Kostis, J. , Pressl, S. , Schron, E. & the SHEP Cooperative Resarch Group(1996). Change in Depression as a Precusor of Cardiovasclar Events. Arch Intern Med., 156(11), 553-561。
Wells, K.B. , Stewart, A. , Hays, R.D. , Burnam, M.A. , Rogers, W. , Daniel, M., Berry, S. , Greenfiield, S. & Ware, J.(1989). The functioning and wellbeing of depressed patients . JAMA , 262 ,914-919。
Wenger, N. K. , Smith, L. K. , Froelicher, E. S. & Comoss, P. M.(1998). Cardiac Rehabilitation. New York.。
Williams, R. ,Barfoot, J. ,Callif, R. Haney, T. L. ,Saunders, W. & Pryor, D. (1992).Prognostic importance of social and economic resources among medically treated patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. JAMA,267(4),520-524.
Wither, N.J. , Rudkin, S.T. , White, R.J. (1999). Anxiety and Depression in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:The Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation. J. Cardiopulmonary Rehabil , 19, 362-365。
Wolman, B. B. & Stricker, G.(1990). Depression Disorders—factors, theories, and treatment methods . New York:Johnwiley & Son’s。
Zung, W. W. K. (1965).A Self-Rating Depression Scale. Archives Of General Psychiatry, 12, 63-70。