本研究探討研究對象在減備災行為中的異質性及其影響因素，目的是提供政策建議以降低高齡者在天然災害中的傷亡。本研究為次級數據分析，使用台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫第七期第五次調查的橫斷面數據，共398名65歲以上的研究對象。減備災行為之描述性統計結果顯示，在六項減備災行為中，32.5%的研究對象會將車輛或家中物品移至安全地點，27.2%會固定櫃子或大型電器。其餘四項減備災行為，包括購買災害保險、準備緊急防災包、規劃避難地點及路線、參與災害應變演練的執行比例均低於11.9%。進一步使用階層迴歸分析顯示，年齡較輕、教育程度大專以上相較於不識字、較低收入、較佳健康狀況、社會資本多、較高風險知覺和有受災經驗者，其天然災害減備災行為較多。研究發現大多數研究對象不願意投入時間或金錢在減災上，政府機構應鼓勵研究對象參與並考量其異質性，例如透過健康促進、災害應變教育及社會支持等針對性介入措施。健康檢查、提升體適能的運動課程和簡單易懂的災害應對課程可提高研究對象進行減備災行為。對於高收入群體，透過數據和真實案例強調減災的重要性尤為重要。最後，應鼓勵研究對象加入社區組織和災害演練，並建立分享災害經驗的平台，提升整體減災韌性。

This study examined the heterogeneity of disaster preparedness behaviors among older adults and their influencing factors, aiming to provide policy recommendations to reduce mortality and injury rates among the elderly during natural disasters. This study utilizes secondary data analysis with cross-sectional data from the seventh wave of the Taiwan Social Change Survey conducted by Academia Sinica, involving 398 participants aged 65 and above. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews in a one-on-one question-and-answer format, gathering general information and assessing disaster preparedness behaviors.
Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to explore the relationships between various factors and disaster preparedness behaviors. Descriptive statistics revealed that among six disaster preparedness behaviors, 32.5% of older adults reported moving vehicles or household items to safer locations, and 27.2% secured cabinets or large appliances. The remaining four behaviors—purchasing disaster insurance, preparing emergency disaster kits, planning evacuation sites and routes, and participating in disaster response drills—had implementation rates of less than 11.9%. A hierarchical regression analysis further revealed that individuals who are younger, have higher education (college level or above compared to illiteracy), lower income, better health status, greater social capital, higher risk perception, and disaster experience exhibit more proactive disaster preparedness behaviors.
The findings indicated that most older adults are reluctant to invest time or money in disaster preparedness. Government agencies should encourage older adults to engage in preparedness activities while considering their heterogeneity. Targeted interventions, such as health promotion, disaster response education, and social support, could be effective. For example, health checkups, physical fitness programs, and simplified disaster response courses could enhance risk perception. For higher-income groups, emphasizing the importance of disaster preparedness through data and real-life case studies is particularly crucial. Encouraging older adults to join community organizations and disaster drills and establishing platforms for sharing disaster experiences could improve overall disaster resilience.

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