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研究生: 郭盈希
Kuo, Yin-Si
論文名稱: 世界文化遺產之管理:以法國勒哈佛爾為例
The Management of UNESCO World Heritage: Case Study of Le Havre
指導教授: 劉以德
Liu, Yi-De
口試委員: 張台麟
Chang, Tai-Lin
王維周
Wang, Wei-Chou
劉以德
Liu, Yi-De
口試日期: 2021/10/14
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 歐洲文化與觀光研究所
Graduate Institute of European Cultures and Tourism
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 法文
論文頁數: 190
中文關鍵詞: 世界文化遺產勒哈佛爾遺產保存文化觀光遺產教育
英文關鍵詞: Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO, Le Havre, Conservation, Tourisme Culturel, Éducation du Patrimoine
研究方法: 次級資料分析調查研究深度訪談法半結構式訪談法田野調查法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101707
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 聯合國世界文化遺產認證,是當今最有討論度的文化標章之一。成為世界文化遺產,可以迅速提升知名度,讓景點躋身文化觀光的國際舞台。然而,成為世界 文化遺產後,並不保證會有穩定、大量的觀光收入。聯合國教科文組織設立世界 文化遺產列表之初衷,也從未包含文化觀光,更遑論成為發展地方經濟的助力。 同時,自1972年認證創立以來,列為世界文化遺產之景點與文化更曾被質疑缺乏 多樣性。直到今天,我們仍在探索世界文化遺產認證之影響與作用;而聯合國教科文組織也仍在持續討論如何建立適當、多元、有代表性的世界文化遺產列表。

    位於法國諾曼地的勒哈佛爾,以其海運與港務相關產業聞名。第二次世界大戰 後,以混凝土為主要建材重建之勒哈佛爾市區,曾是法國最受爭議的城市景觀之 一。而工業色彩厚重的勒哈佛爾,在2005年時,以其建築與都市規劃之特色,在所有人的意料之外,成為了世界文化遺產。而自2005年後,勒哈佛爾更開始展現 了其工業之外的文化活力,例如:夏季藝術節、城市導覽、遊輪觀光...等。勒哈 佛爾成為世界文化遺產後,如何維護遺產,同時發展地方文化特色? 勒哈佛爾是 如何讓世界文化遺產認證不只是一時的狂歡與長久的疑惑;而是瞬間的驚喜和長遠的影響?同時,勒哈佛爾可以在世界文化遺產的議題中,帶來什麼樣的貢獻呢?

    Le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO est un sujet fréquemment discuté. Généralement, pour une commune, le statut du Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO apporte la notoriété et l’ opportunité de devenir une destination touristique à l’échelle mondiale. Cependant, le statut ne garantit pas la croissance touristique. Pourtant, la Liste du Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO n’ a jamais été créée pour des objectifs économiques. De plus, pendant une période, la Liste était controversée en raison des manques de diversité. Plus précisément, les cultures vivantes et les patrimoines contemporains étaient absents à l’ époque. Jusqu’a aujourd’hui, nous explorons toujours les influences et les fonctions du statut du Patrimoine Mondial.

    Le Havre, une commune en Normandie, est reconnu principalement pour sa valeur portuaire. Le centre ville reconstruit en béton armé a été un des paysages les plus controversés en France. Le Havre a surpris toute la France en 2005, quand le centre ville reconstruit a été inscrit entant que Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO. Depuis 2005, Le Havre s’ épanouit culturellement et énergiquement (e.g. Un Été au Havre, les visites guidées variées, les fréquentations des croisières...etc.). Entant que Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO, comment Le Havre travaille sur la conservation, la protection, et développe ses aspects culturels? Et comment pourrait Le Havre contribuer sur les sujets concernant la Liste du Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO?

    Remerciements i 謝誌 iii Résumé iv 摘要 v Table des Matières vi Table des Tableaux ix Table des Figures x Chapitre 1: Introduction 1 1.1 L’ Intérêt de la Recherche 1 1.2 Le Contexte de la Recherche 1 1.3 La Problématique et les Objectifs de la Recherche 3 1.4 Le Cas Étudié 4 1.5 La Structure du Mémoire 7 Chapitre 2: Cadre Théorique 10 2.1 Le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 12 2.1.1 Le Modèle de Travail du Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 13 2.1.2 Les Ajustements du Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 15 2.1.3 L’ Inscription au Statut du Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 16 2.2 La Conservation 19 2.2.1 La Conservation et le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 20 2.2.2 Les Influences de la Conservation sur le Tourisme Culturel 21 2.2.3 Les Influences de la Conservation sur l’ Éducation du Patrimoine 23 2.3 Le Tourisme Culturel 25 2.3.1 Le Tourisme Culturel et le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 28 2.3.2 Les Influences du Tourisme Culturel sur la Conservation 32 2.3.3 Les Influences du Tourisme Culturel sur l’ Éducation du Patrimoine 35 2.4 L’ Éducation du Patrimoine 37 2.4.1 L’ Éducation du Patrimoine et le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 39 2.4.2 Les Influences de l’ Éducation du Patrimoine sur la Conservation 41 2.4.3 Les Influences de l’ Éducation du Patrimoine sur le Tourisme Culturel 43 Chapitre 3: Méthodologie 45 3.1 La Conception de la Recherche 45 3.2 Les Préparations de la Recherche sur Terrain 47 3.3 Les Sources des Données 55 3.3.1 Le Questionnaire 55 3.3.2 Les Observations 61 3.3.3 Les Renseignements 62 3.4 La Fiabilité et la Validité 64 3.4.1 La Fiabilité 64 3.4.2 La Validité 65 Chapitre 4 : Analyse et Discussion 67 4.1 Le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 67 4.1.1 Les Travaux Concernant le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 71 4.1.2 Les Contributions du Havre à la Liste du Patrimoine Mondial 76 4.1.3 L’ Inscription au Statut du Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 77 4.2 La Conservation 85 4.2.1 La Conservation et le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 90 4.2.2 Les Influences de la Conservation sur le Tourisme Culturel 93 4.2.3 Les Influences de la Conservation sur l’ Éducation du Patrimoine 98 4.3 Le Tourisme Culturel 102 4.3.1 Le Tourisme Culturel et le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 108 4.3.2 Les Influences du Tourisme Culturel sur la Conservation 115 4.3.3 Les Influences du Tourisme Culturel sur l’ Éducation du Patrimoine 118 4.4 L’ Éducation du Patrimoine 120 4.4.1 Le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO et l’ Éducation du Patrimoine 126 4.4.2 Les Influences de l’ Éducation du Patrimoine sur la Conservation 131 4.4.3 Les Influences de l’ Éducation du Patrimoine sur le Tourisme Culturel 135 Chapitre 5: Conclusion 143 5.1 Les Contributions Théoriques 143 5.2 Les Contributions Pragmatiques 145 5.3 Les Limites de la Recherche 147 5.4 Les Conseils pour les Futures Recherches 150 Bibliographie 153 Appendice 177 A.1 Le Questionnaire 177 A.2 Les Participants au Questionnaire 185

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