本研究為探討高齡者社會人口學變項、健康狀況、憂鬱傾向及跌倒經驗之現況，進一步分析社會人口學特質、健康狀況、憂鬱傾向與跌倒經驗的相互影響情形及預測力。
本研究探討臺北市中山區高齡者的憂鬱傾向、健康狀況與跌倒經驗之關聯，並分析其預測力。研究方法採取分層比例集束抽樣法，以面對面問卷調查方式收集資料，有效樣本共382份，再進行卡方檢定及二元羅吉特迴歸分析。研究結果發現（一）性別、年齡、婚姻狀況及教育程度等社會人口學變項與跌倒經驗皆未達顯著差異，顯示沒有關聯。自覺健康狀況、走路平穩度、使用輔助器走路、視力（近）（遠）、聽力、慢性疾病等健康狀況與跌倒經驗皆達顯著差異，與跌倒經驗存有關聯性。慢性疾病中又以高血壓、糖尿病、關節炎或風濕痛及眩暈症/現象與跌倒經驗之間有關聯。憂鬱傾向有達顯著差異，與跌倒經驗存有關聯性。（二）走路平穩度、聽力、慢性疾病、用藥行為及憂鬱傾向可有效地預測跌倒經驗。走路平穩度「普通」及「非常不平穩與不平穩」的高齡者，較「平穩與非常平穩」跌倒機率多出6.150倍及3.388倍。聽力「普通」的高齡者，較「非常清楚與清楚」跌倒機率多出2.468倍。「有」慢性疾病的高齡者較「無」慢性疾病的跌倒機率多出10.139倍。「有」用藥行為的高齡者較「無」用藥行為的跌倒機率多出5.122倍。「有」憂鬱傾向的高齡者較「無」憂鬱傾向的跌倒機率多出2.343倍。
最後根據上述研究結果，建議政府相關單位可從相關法令或公共衛生政策來介入，並藉由專業醫療人員的努力，提早發現高齡者健康狀況及憂鬱情形。另外可建立高齡者社區支持性網絡，加強健康促進及憂鬱正確觀念宣導，提高社會大眾對於高齡者跌倒防治及跌倒傷害的認知。

This study explores the current situation of depression tendency and fall experience of the elder people, and analyzes the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, health status, depression tendency, and fall experience.
Study participants were selected from the senior citizens in Zhongshan District of Taipei City, using the stratified proportional cluster sampling method. Data were collected by a face-to-face questionnaire survey and 382 participants completed the survey.
Study findings revealed that gender, age, marital status, and education level were not associated with fall experience. Self-reported health status, walking smoothness, walking with aids, vision, and hearing were associated with fall experience. Chronic diseases that related to fall experience included hypertension, diabetes, arthritis or rheumatic pain and vertigo/phenomena. There was a significant association between the tendency to depression and the experience of falling. Walking stability, hearing, chronic diseases, medication and depression tendency were significant predictors of the fall experience. Participants with "normal" and "very unstable or unstable" walking ability were 6.150 times and 3.388 times more likely to fall than those with "stable or very stable" walking ability. Those who are "normal" in hearing are 2.668 times more likely to fall than those with "very clear or clear" hearing. Those who have chronic diseases are 10.139 times more likely to fall than those without chronic diseases. Those with medication were 5.122 times more likely to fall than their counterparts. Those with depression tendency were 2.343 times more likely to fall than their counterparts.
Based on the findings, the relevant government units could intervene from making laws or public health policies, and early detection of health status and depression among the elder people through the efforts of professional personnel. In addition, a community support network for the elder people could be established to strengthen health promotion, and to raise the awareness of fall prevention among the elder people.

王英偉、謝至鎠、黃家琪（2013）。長者防跌妙招。初版。臺北市：行政院衛生署國民健康局。
內政部統計處（2017）。106年第3週內政統計通報（105年底人口結構分析）。取自：https://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/node.aspx?cate_sn=-1&belong_sn=5514&sn=6469。
古博文、陳美華、陳俐蓉（2014）。老年人身體活動與憂鬱症狀之流行病學研究。中華體育，28（3），227-234。
江信男（2004）。罹病嚴重度、自覺健康社會支持與台灣地區老人憂鬱之關係（未出版之碩士論文）。國立成功大學醫學院行為醫學研究所，臺南市。
吳岱穎（2013）。臺灣社區老年人跌倒與生活品質相關因子分析（未出版之碩士論文）。臺灣大學流行病學與預防醫學研究所，臺北市。
林正祥、陳佩含、林惠生（2010）。台灣老人憂鬱狀態變化及其影響因子。人口學刊，41，67-109。
林育任、邱柏榕、曾雅梅、高森永、張映雪、 張耀文（2017）。臺北市某社區高跌倒危險長者的跌倒風險因子分析—以臺灣版福康量表（Tw-FROP-Com）為工具的橫斷性研究。中華職業醫學雜誌，24（2），93-102。
林沄萱（2008）。超越老化支持團體對機構老人超越老化觀感、憂鬱與生活滿意度之成效探討（未出版之碩士論文）。國立成功大學醫學院護理學系，臺南市。
林茂榮、蔡素蘭、陳淑雅、曾信嘉（2002）。台灣中部某鄉村社區老人跌倒之危險因子。台灣衛誌，21，73-82。
林俞均（2008）。老人憂鬱狀態與休閒活動之相關性研究（未出版之碩士論文）。亞洲大學長期照護研究所，臺中市。
林淑芬、高毓秀（2008）。機構高血壓老人預防跌倒行為相關因素之探討。健康促進與衛生教育學報，29，99-117。
洪麗玲（2010）。社區老人跌倒相關因素模式之研究（未出版之博士論文），國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系，臺北市。
徐慧娟、詹莉君（2008）。台灣老人跌倒危險因子之探討。台灣老年醫學暨老年學雜誌，3，141-54。
秦毛漁、盧德發、吳美惠（2008）。社區老人跌倒相關因素之探討。護理雜誌，55（3），39-48。
夏語婷（2008）。南台灣某鄉三個社區中老年人跌倒相關因素（未出版之碩士論文），國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系，臺北市。
陳美芳、林家綾、蔡宗廷、朱素鳳、洪淑玲、顏碧汝、黃國儀、蔡錦墩（2013）。以系統性文獻回顧探討台灣居家老年人跌倒之相關或危險因素。臺灣公共衛生雜誌，32，403-423。
張念慈、楊南屏、李建賢、周碧瑟（2008）。單次跌倒與反覆跌倒之盛行率與相關因素探討－以都會區老人為例。台灣衛誌，27，330-40。
詹莉君（2003）。老人跌倒的危險因子：長期追蹤研究（未出版之碩士論文）。亞洲大學健康產業管理學系，臺中市。
楊博仁、林惠文、楊宜瑱、陳俊傑、陳宣志、汪正青、顏啟華、徐千剛、李孟智（2012）。臺灣地區老人跌倒之預測因子探討。臺灣老年醫學暨老年學雜誌，7，41-55。
蔡益堅、葉純志、藍祚運、張文瓊、曾德運（2007）。1999年與2005年臺灣地區老人跌倒狀況之比較－2005年國民健康訪問暨藥物濫用調查結果。國民健康訪問調查研究簡訊，9，1-15。
蔡素蘭、林茂榮（2002）。跌倒對台灣鄉村社區老人日常生活活動能力衰退與害怕跌倒心理的影響。物理治療，27，155-64。
鄭秀瑮、蔡仲弘（2012）。行動功能指標「日常生活功能」及「工具性日常生活功能」預測台灣老年人跌倒風險之探討。台灣衛誌 ，31，21-30。
羅惠敏、李麗花、李雪嘉、徐南麗（2014）。榮民入住長期照護機構憂鬱程度相關因素探討。健康與建築雜誌，1（3），68-76。
衛生福利部統計處（2017）。105年國人死因統計結果。取自：https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-16-33598-1.html
Bergland, A., & Wyller, T.B. (2004). Risk factors for serious fall related injury in older women living at home. Injury Prevention,10(5),308-313.
Blazer, D. G. (2003). Depression in late life: review and commentary. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 58(3), 249-265.
Brink TL. (1989). Proper scoring of the geriatric depression scale. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 37(1):29-34
Byers AL, Sheeran T, Mlodzianowski AE, Meyers BS, Nassisi P, Bruce ML. (2008). Depression and risk for adverse falls in older home health care patients. Res Gerontol Nurs. 1(4),245–251.
Delbaere, K., J.C.T. Close, J.r. Heim, P.S. Sachdev, H. Brodaty, M.J. Slavin, Nicole A. Kochan, and S.R. Lord(2010). A multifactorial approach to understanding fall risk in older people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS), 58(9):1679-1685.
Fayers PM, Sprangers MA(2002). Understanding self-rated health. Lancet ,359: 187-8.
Gibson MJ, Andres RO, Issacs B, et al. (1987). The prevention of falls in later life. A report of falls in later life. A report of the Kellogg International Work Group on the prevention of falls by the elderly.Dan Med Bull, 34(Supp 14), 1-24.
Greenberg, S. (2007). Why Use the GDS: SF . American Journal of Nursing, 107,60–69.
Harris JE, Eng JJ, Marigold DS, Tokuno CD, Louis L.(2005).Relationship of balance and mobility to fall incidences in people with chronic stroke. Phys Ther ,85:150-8.
Kraaij, V. and E. J. Wilde. (2001). Negative Life Events and Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly: A Life Span Perspective. Aging & Mental Health, 5(1): 84-91.
Krishnan, K. R. (2002). Biological Risk Factors in Late Life Depression. Biological Psychiatry 52(3): 185-192.
Kwan MM-S, Close J CT, Wong AKW, et al. (2011). Falls incidence, risk factors, and consequences in Chinese older people: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc ,59:536-43.
Kwan MM, Lin SI, Chen CH, Close JC, Lord SR. (2011).Minimal chair height standing ability is independently associated with falls in Taiwanese older people. Arch Phys Med Rehabil,92,1080-5.
Lai, W.L., & Surood, S. (2008). Predictors of Depression in Aging South Asian Canadians. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 23,57-75.
Lamb SE, Jorstad-Stein EC, Hauer K, et al. (2005). Development of a common outcome data set for fall injury prevention trials: the Prevention of Falls Network Europe consensus. J Am Geriatr Soc. 53,1618-22.
Lang, F.R., & Carstensen, L.L. (1994). Close emotional relationships in late life: Further support for proactive aging in the social domain. Psychology and Aging, 9(2), 315-324.
Letts L, Moreland J, Richardson J, et al.(2010). The physical envioronment as a fall risk factor in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and cohort studies. Aust Occup Ther J ,57, 51-64.
Lord, S, Sherrington, C, & Menz, H. (2007).Falls in older people: risk factors and strategies for prevention. Cambridge Univ Press
Mazure, C. M., P. K. Maciejewski, S. C. Jacobs, and M. L. Bruce. (2002). Stressful Life Events Interacting with Cognitive/Personality Styles to Predict Late-Onset Major Depression. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry ,10(3): 297-304.
Osborn, P.J., Fletcher, A.E., Smeeth, L., Stirling, S., Nunes, M., Breeze, E., et al. (2002). Geriatric Depression Scale Scores in a representative sample of 14 545 people aged 75 and over in the United Kingdom: results from the MRC Trial of Assessment and Management of Older People in the Community. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(4), 375-382.
Penninx, B. W., Rejeski, W. J., Pandya, J., Miller, M. E., Di Bari, M., Applegate, W. B., & Pahor, M. (2002). Exercise and depressive symptoms a comparison of aerobic and resistance exercise effects on emotional and physical function in older persons with high and low depressive symptomatology. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 57(2),124-132.
Radloff, L.S. (1977). The CES-D scale : a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.
Rubenstein L.Z. (2006).Falls in older people: epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention. Age Ageing .35: 7-41.
Rubenstein L.Z.＆Josephson K.R.(2002)The epidemiology of falls and Syncope. Clinical Geriatric Medicine, 181,141-158.
Schulz, R., S. R. Beach, B. Lind, L. M. Martire, B. Zdaniuk, C. Hirsch, S. Jackson, and L. Burton. (2001). Involvement in Caregiving and Adjustment to Death of a Spouse: Findings from the Caregiver Health Effects Study. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 285 (24), 3123-3129.
Sheikh, J.I., & Yesavage, J.A. (1986). Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS) Recent Evidence and development of a shorter version. Clinical Gerontologist, 5(1/2), 165-173.
Singh, N. A., Stavrinos, T. M., Scarbek, Y., Galambos, G., Liber, C., & Singh, M. A. F. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of high versus low intensity weight training versus general practitioner care for clinical depression in older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences，60(6),768-776.
Speechley M, Tinetti M., 1991. “Falls and injuries in frail and vigorous community elderly persons,”. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 39,46-52.
Swann JI: Understanding multifactorial fall risks. NRC 2014; 16: 387-91.
Tinettl, M. E. (2003). Preventing falls in elderly persons. The New English Journal of Medcine. 348, 42-49.
Tinetti,M.E.,Speechley,M.,Ginter,S.F.(1988).Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community.The New England Journal of Medicine. 319(26),1701-1707.
Turcu,A., Toubin, S., Mourey, F., D'Athis, P., Manckoundia, P., Pfitzenmeyer, P. (2004). Falls and depression in older people. International Journal of Experimental, Clinical and Behavioural Gerontology, 50,303-308.
World Health Organization. (2001). The World Health Report 2001-Mental Health : New Understanding , New Hope. Geneva: WHO.