研究生: |
蔡佳容 Chia-jung Tsai |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
失智症家庭照顧者照顧經驗之質性研究--女兒的觀點 Caregiving Experiences of Dementia Family Caregivers---A Qualitative Study from the Perspective of Daughters |
指導教授: |
李佩怡
Li, Pei-Yi |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2014 |
畢業學年度: | 102 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 308 |
中文關鍵詞: | 失智症 、家庭照顧者 、照顧經驗 、質性研究 |
英文關鍵詞: | dementia, family caregiver, caregiving experience, qualitative study |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:491 下載:32 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究目的在於深入了解失智症家庭照顧者在失智親人生病歷程的照顧經驗,採用詮釋現象學的方法進行研究,以呈現現象主體的經驗。具體而言,研究者透過四位自願受訪的失智症患者的女兒的觀點,根據半結構的深度訪談所蒐集到的資料,來分析失智症家庭照顧者的照顧經驗。在研究結果的呈現上,研究者以家庭照顧者的受苦和因應兩個面向來理解照顧經驗的內涵,在分別分析個別受訪者的照顧經驗之後,進一步詮釋其中共同的經驗主題。研究結果簡述如下:
在失智症家庭照顧者照顧歷程中的受苦經驗方面,研究者詮釋出其內涵為:無力掌控失智症的降臨和進展、長期照顧過程的變數層出不窮、長期處在不確定和矛盾的疑惑不安中,持續單向付出對失智親人的愛、照顧者必須同時肩負多重角色責任,以及手足支持不夠孤軍奮鬥。
在失智症家庭照顧者的因應經驗方面,研究者詮釋出其內涵為:照顧的動力來自維持關係連結、照顧互動的原理是掌握生命本質的需要、照顧的立基是專注於此時此刻失智親人的福祉、照顧過程有賴專業的支援、照顧者以內在意志力扭轉困境、照顧的成就在於達成角色任務、從照顧經歷中學習觀照內在自我與生命本質。
本研究結果同時呈現出女兒的照顧處境是在被照顧者、照顧領導者及協同照顧者三個角色間持續轉換形成的。研究者除了詮釋並討論上述研究結果外,也討論這些結果對助人工作者的意義。文末說明本研究的貢獻與限制,並對諮商心理師、未來研究等方面提出建議。
This study explored the caregiving experiences of dementia family caregivers. Hermeneutic phenomenological approach was chosen to analyze the essential themes and four daughters of dementia patients participated in the semi-structured, in-depth interview. The data was analyzed by two dimensions --- suffering and coping. For the results, the researcher first described each participant’s personal experiences, then provided a summary of the common essential themes among the participants in order to answer research questions. The findings were summarized as follows:
The themes for the suffering experiences of dementia family caregivers were: unable to control the onset and progression of dementia, constant changing variables due to the long-term caregiving process, situated in uncertainty and doubt over a long period of time, providing uni-directional affections to dementia patient continually, taking on the responsibility of multiple roles, perceiving not enough sibling support and feelings of fighting a lonely battle.
The themes for the coping experiences of dementia family caregivers were: maintaining a relationship bond, providing the necessities of life, focusing on the here and now and the benefits of the patient, relying on professional help, reversing the distress through one’s own willpower, achieving the task of one’s role, learning self-awareness and existence issues from caregiving.
The study also found the daughters were situated in the role transformation among the being cared person, caregiving leader and cooperating caregiver. In addition to discuss these findings, the researcher also discussed the clinical implications of what these findings meant to professional helpers. The contributions and limitations were explained at the end of study. The researcher also proposed recommendations for counselors and further studies.
一、中文部分
內政部(2012)。一○一年上半年身心障礙者福利統計。取自http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/week/week10134.doc
天主教失智老人基金會策劃(2011)。失智症整合照護。台北:華騰文化。
王思堯 & Elizabeth Davies(2007)。家庭成員安置年邁家屬入住長期照護機構的適應。護理雜誌, 54(3),82-86。
王釧如(2008)。與羈絆的靈魂共舞-一位阿茲海默氏症患者之主要照顧者的生命經驗敘事研究。未出版的碩士論文,嘉義:南華大學生死學系。
王靜枝、胡嘉容、張文芸(2011)。與失智患者之有效溝通策略及方法,護理雜誌,58(1),85-90。
石又敏、陳玉敏、曾月霞(2010)。家屬陪伴失智症患者門診就醫之生活經驗。長期照護雜誌,14(1),43-57。
伍碧濤(2006)。愛的樂章---以一個失智老人家庭個案家屬長期照顧角色之探討。未出版的碩士論文,台北:臺灣大學社會工作學研究所。
朱育瑩(2005)。老年失智症家庭照顧者於照顧過程中角色衝擊與變化之初探。未出版的碩士論文,桃園:長庚大學護理學研究所。
朱偉仁(2011)。孝道文化下照顧困境與出口—以入住機構老人的主要照顧者為例。未出版的碩士論文,台北:實踐大學家庭研究與兒童發展學系。
李玉嬋(2013)特殊形式與被剝奪的悲傷反應與諮商實務工作。取自李玉嬋、李佩怡、李開敏、侯南隆、張玉仕、陳美琴(2013)導引悲傷能量---悲傷諮商助人者工作手冊第八章。台北:張老師文化。
李素貞(2011)。從個體完整性探討生命的尊嚴-以失智症為例。弘光人文社會學報,14,p. 187-207。
李佩怡(2013)。榮格個體化思想—由負傷到療癒的整合之道。台北:天馬出版。
李佩怡、侯南隆(2013)。宗教與靈性的哀悼儀式之運用。取自李玉嬋、李佩怡、李開敏、侯南隆、張玉仕、陳美琴(2013)導引悲傷能量---悲傷諮商助人者工作手冊第九章。台北:張老師文化。
李開敏(2013)。成年與老年人的悲傷反應與諮商實務工作。取自李玉嬋、李佩怡、李開敏、侯南隆、張玉仕、陳美琴(2013)導引悲傷能量---悲傷諮商助人者工作手冊第七章。台北:張老師文化。
李維倫、賴憶嫺(2009)。現象學方法論:存在行動的投入。中華輔導與諮商學報,25,275-321。
吳嘉瑜(2004)。子代夫妻對偶代間關係經驗:「他」的矛盾?「她」的矛盾?中華輔導學報,15,123-149。
何衛平(2002)。高達瑪。台北:生智。
余安邦、余德慧(2013)。「人文諮商」做為臨床本土化的實踐路線:遠去是為了歸來。應用心理研究,58,187-231。
余德慧(2001)。詮釋現象心理學。台北:心靈工坊。
余德慧、石世明、夏淑怡、王英偉(2006)。病床陪伴的心理機制:一個二元複合模式的提出。應用心理研究,29,71-100。
余德慧、李維倫、林耀盛、余安邦、陳淑惠、許敏桃、謝碧玲、石世明(2004)。倫理療癒作為建構臨床心理學本土化的起點。本土心理學研究,22,253-325。
車慧蓮(2001)。主要照顧者參與照顧過程中自我充能之初探─以失智症為例。未出版的碩士論文,台北:台北護理學院護理研究所。
卓馨怡、利翠珊(2008)。成年子女的孝道責任與焦慮:親子關係滿意度的影響。
本土心理學研究,30,155~197 。
林靜靜(2012)。守護失智症-照顧者的自我調適。健康世界,322,76-78。
林耀盛(2006)。聆聽受苦之聲:從「咱們」關係析究慢性病照顧。應用心理研究,29,193-212。
林耀盛、陳玫蓉(2009)。「和而不同」的生病事件建構:以對偶關係探究腸造口癌症患者及其照顧者的心理生活經驗。本土心理學研究,32,251-325。
邱啟潤、許淑敏、吳瓊滿(2002)。主照顧者負荷、壓力與因應之國內研究文獻回顧。醫護科技期刊,4(4),270-290。
邱銘章、湯麗玉(2009)。失智症照顧指南。台北:原水文化。
邱愛富(1999)。探討老年失智症患者之照顧者的壓力與因應方式。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告(報告編號:SC88-2314-B-030-009),未出版。
邱麗蓉、謝佳容、蔡欣玲(2007)。失智症病患主要照顧者的壓力源、評價和因應行為與健康之相關性探討。精神衛生護理雜誌,2(2),31-44。
洪育民(2004)。海德格的現象還原與結構。未出版的碩士論文,台中:東海大學哲學研究所。
洪漢鼎(2002)。詮釋學史。台北:桂冠。
徐振彥(2011)。失智症女性家庭照顧者的社會支持、負面家庭互動及自我效能與其憂鬱情緒的關係。未出版的碩士論文,台北:輔仁大學臨床心理系。
高淑清(2008)。質性研究的18堂課:揚帆再訪之旅。高雄:麗文文化。
盛秀明(2011)。失智症之成年女兒照顧者家庭角色轉換歷程之敘說研究。未出版的碩士論文,台北:台北市立教育大學心理與諮商學系。
陳秀蓉(2013)。柔適的看見與理解。應用心理研究,56,11-14。
陳思伯(2010)。從親密感探討失智症照顧者面對疾病的歴程。未出版的碩士論文,台北:國立台北大學社會工作系。
陳美琴(2013)。傷慟失落與靈性發展—談角色與自我意識的擴展。取自李玉嬋、李佩怡、李開敏、侯南隆、張玉仕、陳美琴(2013)導引悲傷能量---悲傷諮商助人者工作手冊第十一章。台北:張老師文化。
陳秉華(2001)。華人人我關係協調之諮商工作架構。測驗與輔導,167,3511-3515。
陳秉華、游淑瑜(2001)。台灣的家庭文化與家庭治療。Asian Journal of Counseling,8,1-23。
張慈君、徐亞瑛、陳明岐、邱逸榛、黃惠玲(2012)。失智症家庭照顧者問題處理能力預測因子之探討 。護理雜誌,59(6),25-35。
張雅媜(2004)。安寧病房癌末病患家屬預期性悲傷之情緒轉換因子探討。未出版的碩士論文,台中:東海大學社會工作學系。
葉光輝(1998)。孝道概念的心理學探討:雙層次孝道認知特徵的發展歷程。本土心理學研究,9,53-117。
葉光輝(2005)。孝道的心理與行為。載於楊國樞、黃光國、楊中芳(主編),華人本土心理學(293-330頁)。台北:遠流。
葉光輝、黃宗堅、邱雅沂(2006)。現代華人的家庭文化特徵:以台灣北部地區若干家庭的探討為例。本土心理學研究,25,141-195。
葉明華、楊國樞(1997)。中國人的家族主義:概念分析與實徵衡鑑。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊,83,169-225。
黃正平(2006)。失智症的行為精神症狀。台灣精神醫學,20(1),3-18。
黃光國(2009)。儒家關係主義:哲學反思、理論建構與實徵研究。台北:心理。
黃宗堅(2006)。符號互動論在家人關係研究中之意涵與應用。輔導季刊,42(1),27-34。
黃斯聖、廖以誠、王文甫、賴德仁(2012)。失智症病患照顧者負荷之相關因素:一記憶門診研究。台灣精神醫學,26,96-104。
畢恆達(1995)。生活經驗的反省:詮釋學的觀點。本土心理學研究,4,224-259。
許敏桃、余德慧、李維倫(2005)。哀悼傷逝的文化模式:由連結到療癒。本
土心理學研究,24,49-84。
楊培珊(2000)。失智症患者與家屬的主體性。取自畢恒達主編(2000)家的意義。應用心理研究,8,35-36。
楊嘉玲、孫惠玲(2003)。「照顧者負荷」概念分析。馬偕學報,3,15-27。
楊國樞(2004)。華人自我的理論分析與實證研究:社會取向與個人取向的觀點。本土心理學,22,11-80。
楊國樞(2005)。本土心理學的意義與發展。載於楊國樞、黃光國、楊中芳(主編),華人本土心理學(3-56頁)。台北:遠流。
蔡昌雄(2005)。醫療田野的詮釋現象學研究應用。出自林本炫、周平編,質性研究方法與議題創新。嘉義:南華大學教社所,259-86。
蔡佳容、蔡榮順、李佩怡(2012)。失智症家庭照顧者的內疚經驗。亞洲高齡健康休閒及教育學刊,1(1),59-79。
歐陽文貞(2013)。DSM-5認知障礙症簡介。台灣精神醫學會DSM-5通訊,3(2),13-20。
歐陽文貞(2010)。導讀「忘川流域失智症--失智症的船歌」。台灣老年學論壇, 8,取自www.iog.ncku.edu.tw/files/archive/247_40a01551.pdf
劉娟如、曾勤媛、蔡麗珍、黃玉苹(2013)。照顧一位早發性失智症患者的護理經驗。長庚護理,24,4,p.435-443。
聯合新聞網(2013年12月6日)。失智症襲全球已成流行病。取自 http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR4/8341975.shtml#ixzz2mniouIue
鄭秀容、曾月霞(2008)。居家失智老人家屬照顧者照顧需求及需求被滿足情形之研究。榮總護理,25(4),386-392。
戴佑真(2007)。阿滋海默症患者家庭動力之研究—以一個早發性阿滋海默症患者家庭為例。未出版的碩士論文,台北:政治大學教育學系教育心理與輔導組。
二、英文部分
Ablitt, A., Jones, G. V., & Muers J. (2009). Living with dementia: A systematic review of the influence of relationship factors. Aging & Mental Health, 13(4), 497-511.
Adams, K. B. (2006). The transition to caregiving: The experience of family members embarking on the dementia caregiving career. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 47(3-4), 3-29.
Adams, K. B., & Sanders, S. (2004). Alzheimer’s caregiver differences in experience of loss, grief reaction and depressive symptoms across stage of disease. Dementia, 3(2), 195-210.
Ankri, J., Andrieu, S., Beaufils, B., Grand A., & Henrard J. C. (2005). Beyond the global score of the Zairt Burden Interview: Useful dimensions for clinicians. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20, 254-260.
Betz, G., & Thorngren, J. M. (2006). Ambiguous loss and the family grieving process. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 14(4), 359-365.
Bedford, O. A. (2004). The individual experience of guilt and shame in Chinese culture. Culture & Psychology, 10(1), 29-52.
Blieszner, R., Roberto, K. A., Wilcox, K. L., Barham, E. J., & Winston, B. L. (2007). Dimensions of ambiguous loss in couples coping with mild cognitive impairment. Family Relations, 56, 196-209.
Boss, P. (2007). Ambiguous loss theory: Challenges for scholars and practitioners. Family Relations, 56, 105-111.
Boss, P. (2010). The trauma and complicated grief of ambiguous loss. Pastoral Psychology, 59(2), 137-145.
Boss, P., & Kalpan, L. (2004). Ambiguous loss and ambivalence when a parent has dementia. In Pillemer, K. & Luescher K. (Eds.), Intergenerational Ambivalence: New perspectives on parent-child relations in later life (pp.207-224). Oxford, UK: Elservier.
Carmon, A. F., Western, K. J., Miller, A. N., Pearson, J. C., & Fowler, M. R. (2010). Grieving those we’ve lost: An examination of family communication patterns and grief reactions. Communication Research Reports, 27(3), 253-262.
Carroll, J. S., Olson, C. D., & Buckmiller, N. (2007). Family boundary ambiguity: A 30-year review of theory, research, and measurement. Family Relations, 56, 210-230.
Chan, S. W. (2010). Family caregiving in dementia: The Asian perspective of a global problem. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 30, 468-478.
Chan, D., Livingston, G., Jones, L., & Sampson, E. L. (2012). Grief reactions in dementia carers: A systematic review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. doi:10.1002/gps.3795.
Chang, Y. P., Schneider, J. K., & Sessanna, L. (2011). Decisional conflict among Chinese family caregivers regarding nursing home placement of older adults with dementia. Journal of Aging Studies, 25, 436-444.
Che, H., Yeh, M., & Wu. S. (2006). The self-empowerment process of primary caregivers: a study of caring for elderly with dementia. Journal of Nursing Research, 14(3), 209-218.
Chen, P.H. (2005). The Self-relation in situation coordination counseling model for clients with interpersonal conflicts in Chinese communities. Paper presented at the 113th Annual Conference of the American Psychological Association, at Washington , D.C., U.S.A.
Chen, C. K. (2007). The relationship between attachment quality and expressed emotion among adult children caring for parents with dementia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Chiu, M. Y., Wei, G. F. & Lee, S. (2011). Personal tragedy or system failure: A qualitative analysis of narratives of caregivers of people with severe mental illness in Hong Kong and Taiwan. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52(5), 413-423.
Corcoran, M. A. (2011). Caregiving style: A cognitive and behavioral typology associated with dementia family caregiving. The Gerontologist, 51(4), 463-472.
Davis, C. G., Harasymchuk, C., & Wohl, M. J. (2012). Finding meaning in a traumatic Loss: A families approach. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25, 142-149.
Diwan, S., Hougham, G. W., & Sachs, G. A. (2009). Chronological patterns and issues precipitating grieving over the course of caregiving among family caregivers of persons with dementia. Clinical Gerontologist, 32(4), 358-370.
Dupuis, S. L. (2002). Understanding ambiguous loss in the context of dementia care:Adult children’s perspectives. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 37(2), 93-115.
Frank, J. B. (2008). Evidence for grief as the major barrier faced by Alzheimer caregivers: A qualitative analysis. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 22(6), 516-527.
Freeman, S. J. (2005). Grief and loss: Understanding the journey. Belmont, CA :Thomson Brooks/Cole.
Garand, L., Lingler, J. H., Deardorf, K. E. , DeKosky, S. T., Schulz, R., Reynolds, C. F., & Dew, M. A. (2012). Anticipatory grief in new family caregivers of persons with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 26(2), 159-165.
Gilbert, K. R. (1996).”We’ve had the same loss, why don’t we have the same grief?” Loss and differential grief in families. Death Studies, 20, 269-283.
Gillies, J., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2006). Loss, grief, and the search for significance: Toward a model of meaning reconstruction in bereavement. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 19, 31-65.
Hinton, L., Franz, C. E., Yeo, G., & Levkoff, S. E. (2005). Conceptions of dementia in a multiethnic sample of family caregivers. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 53, 1405-1410.
Hebert, R. S., Dang, Q., & Schulz, R. (2006). Preparedness for the death of a loved one and mental health in bereaved caregivers of patients with dementia: findings from the REACH Study. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 9(3), 683-693. doi:10.1089/jpm.2006.9.683.
Hooghe, A., Neimeyer, R. A., & Rober, P. (2011). The complexity of couple communication in bereavement. Death Studies, 35, 905-924.
Holley, C. (2009). Anticipatory grief in the context of dementia caregiving. Unpublished doctorial dissertation, University of Louisville, Kentucky.
Holley, C. K., & Mast, B. T. (2009). The impact of anticipatory grief on caregiver burden in dementia caregivers. The Gerontologist, 49(3), 388-396.
Kissane, D. W., & Bloch, S. (2002). Family focused grief therapy. Philadelphia: Open university press.
Kissane, D. W., & Lichtenthal, W. G. (2008). Family focused grief therapy: From palliative care into bereavement. In Stroebe, M. S., Hansson, R. O., Schut, H., & Stroebe, W. (Ed.). Handbook of Bereavement Research and Practice (pp. 485-510). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Kiely, D. K., Prigerson, H., & Mitchell, S. L. (2008). Health care proxy grief symptoms before the death of nursing home residents with advanced dementia. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16(8), 664-673.
Lau, W. Y., Shyu, Y. I., Lin, L. C., & Yang, P. S. (2008). Institutionalizes elders with dementia: Collaboration between family caregivers and nursing home staff in Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 482-490.
Lichtenstein, B., Laska, M. K., & Clair, J. M. (2002). Chronic Sorrow in the HIV-Positive Patient: Issues of Race, Gender, and Social Support. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 16(1), 27-38. doi:10.1089/108729102753429370.
Liu, Y. (2010). Impact of family caregiving upon caregivers of elders with dementia in China. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson.
Liu, Y., Insel, K. C., Reed, P. G., & Crist, J. D. (2012). Family caregiving of older Chinese people with dementia: Testing a model. Nursing research, 61(1), 39-50.
Lloyd, B. T., & Stirling, C. (2011). Ambiguous gain: Uncertain benefits of service use for dementia carers. Sociology of Health & Illness, 33(6), 899-913.
Losada, A., Marquez-Gonzalez, M., Knight, B. G., Yanguas, J., Sayegh, P., & Romero-Moreno, R. (2010). Psychosocial factors and caregiver’s distress: Effect of familism and dysfunctional thoughts. Aging & Mental Health, 14(2), 193-202.
Manen, Max Van (1997/2004). 探究生活經驗:建立敏思行動教育學的人文科學。高淑清、連雅慧、林月琴譯。嘉義:濤石文化。
Marwit, S. J., & Meuser, T. M. (2002). Development and initial validation of an inventory to assess grief in caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease. Gerontologist, 42(6), 751-765.
Marwit, S. J., & Meuser, T. M. (2005). Development of a short form inventory to assess grief in caregivers of dementia patients. Death Studies, 29(3), 191-205.
Meuser, T. M., & Marwit, S. J. (2001). A comprehensive, stage-sensitive model of grief in dementia caregiving. Gerontologist, 41(5), 658-670.
Meuser, T. M., Marwit, S. T., & Sander, S. (2004). Assessing grief in family caregivers. In Living with grief: Alzheimer (pp. 170-195). In K. Doka Ed, Washington, DC: Hospice Foundation of America.
Mirtrani, V. B., Feaster, D. J., McCabe, B. E., Czaja, S. J., & Szapocznik, J. (2005). Adapting the structural family systems rating to assess the patterns of interaction in families of dementia caregivers. The Gerontologist, 45(4), 445-455.
Nadeau, J. W. (1998). Families making sense of death. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Nadeau, J. W. (2008). Meaning-making in bereaved families: Assessment, intervention, and future research. In Stroebe, M. S., Hansson, R. O., Schut, H., & Stroebe, W. (Ed.). Handbook of Bereavement Research and Practice (pp.511-530). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Napoles, A. M., Chadiha, L. C., Eversley, R., & Moreno-John, G. (2010). Developing culturally sensitive dementia caregiver interventions: Are we there yet? American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, 25(5), 389-406.
Noyes, B. B., Hill, R. D., Hicken, B. L., Luptak, M., Rupper, R., Dailey, N. K.,
& Bair, B. D. (2010). The role of grief in dementia caregiving. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 25(1), 9-17.
Ott, C. H., Sanders, S., & Kelber, S. T. (2007). Grief and personal growth experience of spouses and adult-child caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Gerontologist, 47(6), 798-809.
Patraick-Ott, A., & Ladd, L. D. (2010). The blending of Boss’s concept of ambiguous loss and Olshansky’s concept of chronic sorrow: A case study of a family with a child who has significant disabilities. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 5, 74-86.
Pascual, A. M., & Santamaria, J. L. (2009). Grieving among relatives and caregivers. Revista Espanola de Geriatria Gerontologia, 44, 48-54.
Perry, J., & Olshansky, E. F. (1996). A family’s coming to term with Alzheimer’s disease. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 18(1), 12-28.
Pierce, T., Lydon, J. E., & Yang, S. (2001). Enthusiasm and moral commitment: What sustains family caregivers of those with dementia? Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23(1), 29-41.
Quinn, C., Clare, L., & Woods, B. (2009). The impact of quality of relationship on the experience and wellbeing of caregivers of people with dementia: a systematic review. Aging & Mental Health, 13(2), 143-154.
Quinn, C., Clare, L., & Woods, R. T. (2010). The impact of motivations and meaning on the well-being of caregivers of people with dementia: a system review. International Psychogeriatrics, 22(1), 43-55.
Roberto, K. A., Blieszner, R., McCann, B. R., & Mcpherson, M. C. (2011). Family triad perceptions of mild cognitive impairment. The Journal of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Science and Social Science, 66(6), 756-768.
Robinson, L., Clare, L., & Evans, K. (2005). Making sense of dementia and adjusting to loss: Psychological reactions to a diagnosis of dementia in couples. Aging and Mental Health, 9(4), 337-347.
Roos, S. (2002). Chronic sorrow: A living loss. NY: Brunner-Routledge.
Rossheim, B. N., & McAdams, C. R. (2010). Addressing the chronic sorrow of long-term spousal caregivers: A primer for counselors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 88, 477-482.
Samuelsson, A. M., Annerstedt, L., Elmstahl, S., Samuelsson, S. M., & Grafstrom, M. (2001). Burden of responsibility experienced by family caregivers of elderly dementia suffers: Analyses of strain, feelings and coping strategies. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 15(1), 25-33.
Sanders, S., & Adams, K. B. (2005). Grief reactions and depression in caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease: Results from a pilot study in an urban setting. Health & Social Work, 30(4), 287-295.
Sanders, S., & Corley, C. S. (2003). Are they grieving? A qualitative analysis examining grief in caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Social Work in Health Care, 37(3), 35-53.
Sanders, S., Marwit, S. J., Meuser, T. M., & Harrington, P. (2007). Caregiver grief in end-stage dementia: Using the Marwit and Meuser caregiver grief inventory for assessment and intervention in social work practice. Social Work in Health Care, 46(1), 47-65.
Sanders, S., Ott, C. H., Kelber, S. T., & Noonan, P. (2008). The experience of high levels of grief in caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. Death Studies, 32(6), 495-523.
Schulz, R., Hebert, R. S., Dew, M. A., Brown, S. L., Scheier, M. F., Beach, S. R., ... Nichols, L. (2007). Patient suffering and caregiver compassion: New opportunities for research, practice, and policy. The Gerontologist, 47(1), 4-13.
Schoenmakers, B., Buntinx, F., & Delepeleire, J. (2010). Factors determining the impact of care-giving on caregivers of elderly patients with dementia: A systematic literature review. Maturitas, 66, 191-200.
Shapiro, E. R. (1994). Grief as a family process: A developmental approach to clinical practice. NY: Guilford press.
Sherman, M. D., & Thelen, M. H. (1998). Distress and professional impairment among psychologist in clinical practice. Profession Psychology: Research and Practice, 29(1), 79-85.
Shyu, Y. I., Yang, C. T., Huang, C. C., Kuo, H. C., Chen, S. T., & Hsu, W. C. (2010). Influences of mutuality, preparedness, and balance on caregivers of patients with dementia. Journal of Nursing Research, 18(3), 155-163.
Tarlow, B. J., Wisniewski, S. R., Bella, S. H., Rubert, M., Ory, M. G., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2004). Positive aspects of caregiving: Contributions of the REACH project to the development of new measures for Alzheimer’s caregiving. Reasearch on Aging, 26, 429-453.
Weiss, R. S. (2008).The nature and causes of grief. In Stroebe, M. S., Hansson, R. O., Schut, H., & Stroebe, W. (Ed.). Handbook of Bereavement Research and Practice (pp.29-44). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Werner, P., Mittelman, M. S., Goldstein D., & Heinik, J. (2012). Family stigma and caregiver burden in Alzheimer's disease. The Gerontologist, 52(1), 89-97.
Wu, H. Z., Low, L., Xiao S., & Brodaty, H. (2009). Differences in psychological morbidity among Australian and Chinese caregivers of persons with dementia in residential care. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24, 1343-1351.
Yalom, I. D.(2003)。存在心理治療(下)。易之新譯。台北:張老師文化。(原出版年:1980)