摘 要
台灣的婦女團體自1987年開始推展女性自覺團體至今已經超過十年，團體內容是根據全美婦女組織NOW（National Organization for Women）在1960、1970年代在全美各地所使用的女性主義意識覺醒團體（Feminist Consciousness-Raising Group）方案所改編而成，目的是藉由團體成員彼此的經驗分享，使參與者對女性在社會上共同的弱勢處境有所認知，拒絕社會賦予女性的傳統性別角色，並瞭解性別歧視是集體的問題，必須靠集體的方式與力量才能解決。本研究是以參與台北市女性權益促進會1999年某梯女性自覺團體的六位成員為研究對象，以質性研究的方式，透過參與觀察及訪談，來瞭解女性自覺團體對她們的女性主義意識有什麼樣的影響。
在十次共九個主題的團體討論中，本研究挑出較重要的三個主題：「強暴與暴力」、「女人、性與選擇」以及「母女關係」來做研究分析，再加上研究者另訂探討其性別角色認同、對女性處境的認識及對婦女運動的看法等之「整體性別意識」，從前訪、團體及後訪來瞭解她們對這四個議題的觀點有什麼轉變，其女性主義意識是否形成。研究者將女性自覺團體對這六位成員的影響大致分為四類：美秀為持原女性主義意識者、嘉宇為持原個人主義者、小亞為持原父權意識者，其他三位成員睫怡、佩玹與秋莉參加團體後，接受部分女性主義觀點，而其原有的父權意識正在解構中。另外，本研究也探討了六位成員參加團體的動機與需求、參加團體的感受與收穫、及對團體的建議或想法，以瞭解影響成員的團體參與度及女性主義意識接受度的因素。
整體來說，女性自覺團體要讓參與者意識到某些女性處境的普遍性以及改變其原有的行動或行動意願是較容易的，但是要讓她們瞭解到造成這些共同女性處境的原因--即父權社會結構的意識型態之運作，似乎較困難，故建議女性自覺團體可適度加強成員對這部分的理解，但應以不失去從經驗分享來體認女性處境的意義為前提。另外，對女性自覺團體運作方面的建議為：思考女性自覺團體的定位、加強團體的事前說明及成員的篩選、對帶領人經驗的注重、運用多元的素材及進行方式，以及對女性自覺團體的去污名化。

It has been over 10 years since the Feminist Groups of Taiwan began to promote and develop Feminist Consciousness-Raising Groups from1987, the contents of these groups were based on the programs used in all over the United States by NOW (National organization for Women) in 1960 and 70. The purposes of which are to make the participants recognize the minority situation women are facing in the society, reject the social traditional sexual role playing, and understand that the sexual discrimination is a collective problem, so that can only be solved in a collective way. The objects of this study are six members from the Feminist Consciousness-Raising Group held by the Taipei Association for the Promotion of Women’s Rights in 1999, through a way of quality research, participation, observation and interviews, researcher tries to understand the Feminist Consciousness-Raising Groups’ influences toward their feminist awareness.
In the ten times group discussion with nine main themes, this research picked out three main themes which are more important to analyze: “Rape and Violence” , “Women, Sex and Choices” and “Mother-Daughter Relationships”, add into other discussions made by researcher about “Collective Sexual Awareness” like the recognition of sexual role model, the awareness of the situation of women, and their point of view toward the feminist movement, from pre-interviews, groups discussions and post-interviews, researcher tries to realize the changes of their point of view about these four topics and find out whether there is a shaping process of feminism.
This research categorizes the influences toward the six members into four types: Mei-sho is the one who hold the original feminist consciousness, Gia-yu holds her original idea of individualism, Shiau-ya holds her original patriarchal thoughts, the other three members Jay-yi, Pei-shan and Cho-li accepts some thoughts of feminism after joined the group, their original thoughts of patriarchy are gradually de-constructing. Besides, this research also approaches the motivation and needs about why the six members joined the group, their feelings and gains from this group, and their suggestions and ideas about this group, to sort out the reasons which influence the members’ level of participation and how much they accept feminist consciousness.
On a whole, it is easier for the Feminist Consciousness-Raising Groups to make the participants aware the universality of some women’s situation and change their original action and willingness to act, but if you try to make them realize the reason which creates the women’s collective situation-- the activation from the ideology of the patriarchal society, it seems to become more difficult. So the suggestion is that these groups can strengthen the members realization of this part of problem, but the premise is to recognize the situation of women by a way of sharing their experiences. Besides, the suggestions to the operation of Feminist Consciousness-Raising Groups are: think about the position of these groups, strengthen the pre-explanation about them , and the sift through process of members, pay attention to the experiences of leaders, use multiple materials in group discussions, and the de-stigmatization of Feminist Consciousness-Raising Groups.

參考文獻
一、中文部分
朱嘉琦（1997）。台灣婦女女性意識發展歷程之研究。師範大學心理輔導研究所碩士論文。
邱天助（1992）。女性主義教育學與Meziros觀點轉換學習。載於中華民國成人教育學會主編：婦女教育。台北：師大書苑。
李瑞容（1989）。台灣地區婦女政治參與的意願及行為研究—以台北及台南地區為例。中國文化大學家政研究所碩士論文。未出版。
吳慎慎（1989）。台北市婦女團體成員參與動機極其相關因素之研究。師範大學社會教育研究所碩士論文。
周碧娥、姜蘭虹（1989）。現階段台灣婦女運動的經驗。收錄於徐正光、宋文里編。
范碧玲（1990）。解析台灣婦女體制：現階段婦女運動的性格之研究。清華大學社會人類學所碩士論文。
洪雅琴（1997）。女同性戀者性取向認同發展歷程個案研究。師範大學心理輔導研究所碩士論文。
胡幼慧編（1996）。質性研究。台北：巨流。
黃瑞琴（1991）。質的教育研究方法。台北：心理。
黃秀瑞、趙湘瓊（1996）。台灣婦女近十年來政治態度的變遷—民國七十二年至八十一年。問題與研究，35卷10期，p71-95。
張輝潭（1995）。台灣當代婦女運動與女性主義實踐初探—一個歷史的觀點。清華大學社會人類學所碩士論文。
張 靜文（1999）參與讀書會成年女性其母職角色認同與轉換歷程之研究。師範大學社會教育研究所碩士論文。
陳明蕾（1998）梅齊羅成人教育思想之研究--觀點轉化學習理論之思想脈絡與重要內涵。中正成人及繼續教育研究所碩士論文。
賴麗珍（1996）馬濟洛的觀點轉換學習理論介紹。成人教育雙月刊，第34期。P.18-25。
二、英文部分
Abrams, M.（1980）. Becoming Lavender（Human Sexuality）. DAI-A, 41（04）,p.1790. City University of New York.
Batoff, S. B.（1997）. A Short-Term Ration Emotive Behavior Therapy Group for Aiding Men’s Growth and Awareness（Cognitive Therapy）. DAI-B, 57（10）, p.6555. The Union Institute.
Bromberg, J. B.（1983）. Storying and Changing: An Ethnography of Speaking in Consciousness Raising. DAI-A, 43（11）, p.3732. University of Pennsylvania.
Edwards, J.J.（1996）. Effect of Male Consciousness Raising Groups and Outside Readings On Offenders. DAI-B, 57（03）, p.2149. University of Georgia.
Erlandson, D. A.（1993）. Quality Criteria for a Naturalistic Study. Doing Naturalistic Inquiry. New bury Park,CA: sage.
Foran, Deboran（1995）. Escaping Our Legacy as Daughters of Patriarchy: A Feminist Consciousness Raising Group for Adult Daughters of Alcoholics. MAI, 33（03）, p.779. Carleton University.
Griffin,Christne（1989）. ’I’m not Women’s Libber, but…’: Feminism, consciousness and Identity. In S. Skevington & D.Baker （Eds.）, The Social Identity of Women . New bury Park, CA: Sage .
Guba, E. G. & Lincoln, Y. S.（1989）. Judging the Quality of Fourth Generation Evaluation. Fourth Generation Evaluation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Gubman, G. D.（1984）. Varied Lives, Varied Outcomes: Explaining the Effects of N.O.W. Consciousness–Raising on Couples. DAI-A, 45（02）, p.644. University of California, Santa Barbaba.
Henderson, D. J.（1995）. Feminist Nursing Participatory Research with Black and White Women in Drug Treatment. DAI-B, 55（09）, p.3816. The University of Michigan.
Loughlin, K. A.（1993）. Women’s Perceptions of Transformative Learning Experiences Within Cousciousness-Raising. Lewiston, N.Y. : The Edwin Mellen Press.
Lynd, Mark（1992）. Creating Knowledge Through Theater: A Case Study With Developmentally Disabled Adults. American Sociologist, Winter92, Vol. 23 Issue 4, 100-116.
Klein, E.（1984）. Gender Politics : From Consciousness to Mass Politics . Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press.
NOW Guidelines for Feminist Consciousness-Raising （因參考自不完整的影本，且正本絕版無法購得，故出版年代、作者…等無法得知。）
Rodin, S. B.（1995）. Challenging Sex-role Stereotypes in Early Adolescent Girls : A Group Intervention Approach. DAI-A, 55（07）, p.1883. California Institute of Integral Studies.
Stanley, L. & Wise, S.（1993）. Breaking Out Again : Feminist Ontology and Epistemology（2 nd ed）. NY : Routledge.
Wolff, S. S.（1982）. Feminism As A Development to the Adult Development of Women. DAI-B, 42（08）, p.3450. University of Massachusetts.