本文主要探討歐巴馬政府亞太戰略之意涵。先行檢視後冷戰時期美國歷屆政府的亞太戰略，歐巴馬政府基於反恐戰爭及全球金融危機導致美國實力及形象均受損之情況下，提出「亞太再平衡」策略，欲藉此重新修復美國在亞太的領導地位及因應中國崛起。歐巴馬政府在軍事方面，將全球軍力的60％轉移部署至亞太地區，透過與盟國聯合軍事演習、自由航行等方式涉入朝鮮半島問題、釣魚臺及南海主權紛爭；外交上藉由頻繁出訪亞太、參與亞太區域組織、重視多邊對話機制、責任分擔等措施展現美國在亞太地區的存在；經貿方面則是透過「跨太平洋夥伴協定」（Trans-Pacific Partnership，以下簡稱TPP）重建符合美國利益及公平的亞太經貿規則。歐巴馬政府的亞太戰略普遍獲得多數亞太國家的歡迎及支持，對於重振美國在亞太甚至全球的領導地位具有一定成效。
本文以TPP為檢視歐巴馬政府亞太戰略之切入點，除介紹亞太區域整合的現況外，另以美國力邀日本及越南加入TPP為例，發現參與的各國多具有為了自身經濟發展、強化自身在區域的地位、促進建構有利於己的經貿規則，並增進對外關係等之多重經貿與戰略考量。另亞太區域整合中，東亞區域目前最具成效者為東南亞國家協會（Association of Southeast Asian Nations, ASEAN，以下簡稱東協）及其延伸的「東協加一」、「東協加三」與「區域全面經濟夥伴關係協定」（Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, RCEP）等；TPP雖在美國政府大力主導下於2015年底完成協商，最終卻未能獲得美國國會支持通過，且美國在川普上任後即退出TPP，恐減損歐巴馬政府「亞太再平衡」的預期效益。

This article is mainly to explore the meaning of the Obama administration’s Asia-Pacific strategy. Firstly, examine the United States successive governments’ Asia Pacific strategy after the Post-Cold War. According to the war on terrorism and the global financial crisis have undermined the strength and image of the US. The Obama administration proposes "Asia-Pacific rebalancing" to reestablish the US leadership in the Asia-Pacific region and to respond to the China's rise. On the military side, the Obama administration deploys 60% of the global military power to the Asia-Pacific region, engaging the Korean Peninsula issues, Diaoyutai and the South China Sea sovereignty dispute through military exercises with the allies, free navigation etc. On the diplomatic side, demonstrates the US presence in the Asia-Pacific region with frequent visits, participation in the regional organizations, emphasis on multilateral dialogue and responsibility sharing. On the economic and trade side, it’s through the TPP to rebuild the Asia-Pacific economic and trade rules that are in line with US interests and fairness. The Obama administration’s Asia-Pacific strategy has generally earned the welcome and support from the most Asia-Pacific countries, and has achieved certain results in revitalizing the US leadership in the Asia-Pacific, even the world.
This article uses TPP as an entry point to examine the Obama administration’s Asia-Pacific strategy. Besides introducing the current situation of integration in the Asia-Pacific region, taking the United States invite Japan and Vietnam to join the TPP as an example. Its has found that TPP participating countries have multiple considerations of economy and strategy, in which include their own economic development, strengthenning their position in the region, promoting the construction of economic and trade rules that are beneficial to theirself, and enhancing external relationships. Additionally, in the Asia-Pacific region integration, the most effective in the East Asia region are the ASEAN, ASEAN Plus One, the ASEAN Plus Three and the RCEP. The TPP has completed negotiations at the end of 2015 under the strong leading of the US. However, in the end, it was not approved by the US Congress, and the United States withdrawed from the TPP after Trump took office, which could detract the expected effectiveness of Obama's Asia-Pacific rebalancing.

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經濟部國際貿易局，2015/10/26。〈TPP談判結果對日本之利益與影響初步分析〉，<https://cptpp.trade.gov.tw/Information/Detail?source=Ribxm6GtOnc8CFwgyE0+oEEZFukg%2fXU4TA6TggNFG70%3d>。
經濟部國際貿易局，2015/11/10。〈TPP各國之貨品貿易關稅減讓表基本說明〉，<https://cptpp.trade.gov.tw/Information/Index?source=K3RUorGlh86S9qY5aUs1AA%3d%3d>。
經濟部國際貿易局，2015/11/19。〈新加坡總理李顯龍表示TPP將可為新加坡節省約10億星元關稅〉，<https://cptpp.trade.gov.tw/Information/Detail?source=9ZZMEKEbDTm229usjZrrCMW3jSylpBZdLV4MincFQ4E%3D>。
經濟部國際貿易局，2016/1/7。〈越南每年可因美國關稅調降而獲11億美元之關稅減讓〉，<https://cptpp.trade.gov.tw/Information/Detail?source=Ml7CjueRM+If2iiaNJfUPKIZdWpbMBjHZd64AO4BvnU%3D>。
經濟部國際貿易局，2016/9/18。〈加拿大聯邦政府公布TPP經濟影響評估報告〉，<https://cptpp.trade.gov.tw/Information/Detail?source=4PDpeudfI8dnljR8OjiYdt4Ohuu31YckMEMv3YlHjsM%3D>。
經濟部國際貿易局，2017/1/30。〈跨太平洋夥伴協定(TPP)簡介(2017年1月30日美國退出前)〉，<https://cptpp.trade.gov.tw/Files/Pages/Attaches/464/1060928_TPP%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B(12%E5%9C%8B).pdf>。
經濟部國際貿易局，2019/3。〈「區域全面經濟夥伴協定(RCEP)」簡介〉，<https://www.trade.gov.tw/Files/PageFile/555772/1080326_RCEP%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B.pdf>。

七、報紙
自由時報，2015/4/30。〈美國會演說 安倍：對二戰深深懺悔〉，<http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/876104>。
陳一新，2013/4/22。〈名家－比較歐巴馬兩任再平衡政策〉，《旺報》，<https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20130422001103-260310?chdtv>。
聯合報，2019/3/4。〈RCEP部長會議發表聯合聲明 擬11月達成共識協議〉，<https://udn.com/news/story/7331/3677068>。

八、網際網路
BBC，2014/12/16。〈分析：中國經濟超越美國的意義與影響〉，《BBC網站》，2014年12月，<https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/business/2014/12/141216_business_china_economy_no1>。
BBC中文網，2013/7/25。〈美國總統奧巴馬會晤越南主席張晉創〉，<https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2013/07/130725_vietnam_usa_meeting>。
人民日報，2013/11/6。〈統計局：1978年以來我國經濟社會發展的巨大變化〉，《中國政府門戶網站》，<http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2013-11/06/content_2522445.htm>。
人民報，2013/5/2。〈新中國經濟建設歷程的回顧與聯想〉，《人民報網》，<https://cn.nhandan.com.vn/society/environment/item/755701-%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%8E%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%89%BF%E8%AF%BA%E6%8E%A8%E8%BF%9B%E3%80%8A%E6%B9%84%E5%85%AC%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%8B%E6%B8%B8%E5%80%A1%E8%AE%AE%E3%80%8B.html>。
大公網，2015/11/16。〈專家解析TPP的前世今生：並不直接針對中國〉，<http://news.takungpao.com.hk/world/exclusive/2015-11/3237656_print.html>。
中評社，2011/11/16。〈劉為民回應美在澳駐軍及中印邊界爭議等問題〉，<http://hk.crntt.com/doc/1019/0/7/7/101907781.html?coluid=7&kindid=0&docid=101907781>。
中新社，2016/5/5。〈社科院藍皮書：TPP不能成為亞太地區貿易規則“樣板”〉，<http://www.oushinet.com/news/china/chinanews/20160505/229554.html>。
日本經濟新聞中文版，2013/5/17。〈美商務部副部長：也歡迎中國加入TPP〉，<http://cn.nikkei.com/politicsaeconomy/economic-policy/5561-20130517.html>。
日經中文網，2014/4/24。〈安倍與歐巴馬進行首腦會談〉，<https://zh.cn.nikkei.com/politicsaeconomy/politicsasociety/9008-20140424.html>.
光明網，2017/8/18。〈專家：越南成美國南海牽制中國的關鍵夥伴〉，<https://news.qq.com/a/20170818/011396.htm>。
宋國友，2011/11/17。〈宋國友：TPP對中國意味著什麼〉，《觀察者APP》，<https://m.guancha.cn/SongGuoyou/2011_11_17_61985>。
姜博瑄，2010/7/15。〈美國國家出口倡議成效顯著，今年前4月出口成長表現優異〉，《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》，<https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?pid=208637&nid=13568>。
美國之音，2011/12/31。〈年終報導﹕回顧2012年美中關係〉，<https://www.voacantonese.com/a/year-ender-us-china-relations-2012-20121231/1575008.html>.
美國之音，2013/6/9。〈奧習會落幕網絡安全為主軸〉，<https://www.voachinese.com/a/obama-xi-jinping-talks-cyber-security/1678159.html>。
美國之音，2016/12/22。〈年終報導- 合作又競爭的美中關係面臨變數〉，<https://www.voacantonese.com/a/year-ender-us-china-relations-in-2016-1222/3646565.html>。
美國之音，2016/4/4。〈李顯龍：美國的領導地位無可替代〉，<https://www.voacantonese.com/a/singapore-lee-hsien-loong-us-20160401/3268081.html>。
徐尚禮，2016/11/12。〈歐巴馬棄TPP APEC向簽署國解釋〉，《中時電子報》，<https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20161112002872-260408?chdtv>。
徐遵慈，2016/1。〈東協經濟共同體：現狀、挑戰與前景〉，《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心專欄》，<https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?nid=126&pid=274640>。
財團法人中華經濟研究院台灣東南亞國家協會研究中心，2014。〈東協發展簡介〉，《台灣東協研究中心網站》，<http://www.aseancenter.org.tw/ASEANintro.aspx>。
高虎城，2015/10/8。〈高虎城談TPP：中方堅定不移地支持多邊貿易體制〉，《人民網》，http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2015/1008/c1001-27674082.html。
陳一新，2013/9/30。〈名家－美國加重亞太再平衡力道〉，《中時電子報》，<https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20130930000888-260310>。
陳東林，2009/2。〈新中國經濟建設歷程的回顧與聯想〉，《中國共黨新聞網》，<http://theory.people.com.cn/GB/49154/49155/8788478.html>。
新唐人亞太台，2012/1/10。〈南韓：支持美國新國防計劃〉，<http://www.ntdtv.com.tw/b5/20120107/video/85300.html?南韓：支持美國新國防計劃>。
新華社，2011/11/30。〈國防部新聞發言人就航母平台試驗等回答記者提問〉，<http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2011-11/30/content_2007418.htm>。
新華網，2010/1/1。〈中國聚焦：世界上最大的自由貿易區正式建成〉，<http://www.china.com.cn/economic/txt/2010-01/01/content_19167255.htm>。
新華網，2014/10/9。〈朱光耀：沒有中國參與的TPP不完整〉，<http://finance.sina.com.cn/world/20141009/105320491692.shtml>。
新華網，2015/9/26。〈速讀︱習主席訪美成果清單撮要〉，< http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2015/0926/c1001-27638037.html>。
經濟部國際貿易局，2019。《全球區域經濟整合》，<https://www.trade.gov.tw/Pages/List.aspx?nodeID=1351>。
葉長城，2014/8/7。〈從美國當前亞太安全與經濟政策論其推動TPP談判的對外政經考量、進展及主要談判立場〉，《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》，<http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?nid=126&pid=253052>。
鉅亨網，2016/2/23。〈大陸商務部：不認為TPP是針對中國 與RECP並行不悖〉，<https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/295475>。
劉淑琴，2018/10/4。〈NAFTA變USMCA 美加墨新貿易協定重點一覽〉，《中央社》，<https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201810010325.aspx>。
簡恆宇，2016/7/7。〈對阿15年抗戰，美軍難抽身 歐巴馬：續留8千人駐紮阿富汗〉，《風傳媒》，<https://www.storm.mg/article/139075>。
簡嘉宏，2014/4/19。〈懷念曾經的美好 美俄關係已回不去〉，《風傳媒》，<https://www.storm.mg/article/30140>。

貳、英文部分

一、專書
Modelski, George. Long Cycles in World Politics, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

二、期刊論文
Bergsten, C. Fred, 2009/September/October, “Two's Company,” Foreign Affairs, <https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/americas/2009-09-01/twos-company>.
Clinton, Hilary, 2011/10/11, “ America’s Pacific Century, ” Foreign Policy.
Condoleezza Rice, 2000/January/February, “Campaign 2000: Promoting the National Interest,” Foreign Affairs, <https://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/79105.pdf>.
Grunberg, Isabelle. 1990/Autumn, “Exploring the "Myth" of Hegemonic Stability,” International Organization, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 431-477.
Jervis, Robert 2003/Fall, “Understanding the Bush Doctrine,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol.118, No.3, p.365.
Johnston, Alastair Iain, 2013/Spring, “How New and Assertive Is China's New Assertiveness?” International Security, Volume 37, Issue 4, pp.7-48.
Kindleberger, Charles P., 1981/6. “Dominance and Leadership in the International Economy: Exploitation, Public Goods, and Free Rides,” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 2, Symposium in Honor of Hans J. Morgenthau, pp. 242-254.
Nuechterlein, Donald E. 1979/Spring. “The Concept of National Interest: A Time for New Approaches,” Orbis 23, No. 1, pp. 73-92.
Nye, Joseph S., 2010/10, “American and Chinese Power after the Financial Crisis,” The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 150-151, <http://www.rochelleterman.com/ir/sites/default/files/Nye%202010.pdf>.
Phan Quan Viet, 2016/6/23, “Opportunities and Challenges when Vietnam Joins TPP,” Issues in Economics and Business,Vol. 2, No. 1, p 33, <http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ieb/article/view/9646/7846>.
Zhao, Suisheng, 2010/12/9, “China’s Approaches toward Regional Cooperation in East Asia: motivations and calculations,” Journal of Contemporary China, Volume 20, Issue 68, pp.53-67.

三、官方文件
Carter, Ashton B., 2013/4/8 “The U.S. Defense Rebalance to Asia,” U.S. Department of Defense, <http://archive.defense.gov/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1765>.
Chenny, Dick, 1991/1, “Annual Report to the President and the Congress,” Department of Defense, <https://history.defense.gov/Portals/70/Documents/annual_reports/1991_DoD_AR.pdf?ver=2014-06-24-151830-167>.
Clinton, Bill, 1993/7/5, “Remarks to the National Education Association in San Francisco, Califonia,” Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton, pp. 1009-1015.
Clinton, Bill, 1993/7/7, “Building a New Pacific Community,” U.S. Department of State Dispatch, Vol. 4, No. 48, pp. 485-488.
Clinton, Hilary, 2010/1/12, “Remarks on Regional Architecture in Asia: Principles and Priorities,” U.S. Department of State, <https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2010/01/135090.htm>.
Clinton, Hilary, 2010/10/28, “America’s Engagement in the Asia-Pacific,” U.S. Department of State, October 28, 2010, <https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2010/10/150141.htm>.
Clinton, Hilary, 2011/1/14, “Broad Vision of US-China Relations in the 21st Century, U.S. Department of State.
Clinton, Hilary, 2012/7/10, “Remarks With Foreign Minister Pham Binh Minh After Their Meeting, ” U.S. Department of State, <https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2012/07/194766.htm>.
Clinton, Hillary, 2009/2/21, “Toward a Deeper and Broader Relationship With China,” U.S. Department od State, <https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2009a/02/119432.htm>.
Clinton, Hillary, 2011/7/20, “Remarks on India and the United States: A Vision for the 21st Century,” U.S. Department of State, <https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2011/07/168840.htm>.
Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet of Australian Government, 2015/11/27, “TPP Analysis of Regulatory Impact on Australia,” <https://ris.pmc.gov.au/2016/04/11/trans-pacific-partnership>.
Donilon, Tom, 2013/3/11, “The United States and the Asia-Pacific in 2013.”
Donilon, Tom, 2013/3/11, “The United States and the Asia-Pacific in 2013,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/03/11/remarks-tom-donilon-national-security-advisor-president-united-states-an>.
Froman, Michael, 2015/11/5, “Statement by Ambassador Froman on the release of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Text,” Office of the United States Trade Representative, <https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2015/november/statement-ambassador-froman>.
Froman, Michael, 2015/9/22, “Remarks by Ambassador Michael Froman at the CSIS Asian Architecture Conference,” USTR, <https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/speechestranscripts/2015/september/remarks-ambassador-michael>.
Froman, Michael, 2017/1/7, “Trade, Growth, and Jobs: U.S. Trade Policy in the Obama Administration,” USTR, <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/documents/USTR%20Exit%20Memo.pdf>.
Gates, Robert M., 2009/9/16, “Speech to the Air Force Association Convention, ” U.S. Department of Defense, <http://archive.defense.gov/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1379>.
Hagel, Chuck, 2013/6/1, “Remarks by Secretary Hagel at the IISS Asia Security Summit, Shangri-La Hotel, Singapore,” U.S. Department of Defense, <http://archive.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=5251>.
Hawke, Allan & Ric Smith, 2012/3/30, “Australian Defence Force Posture Review,” Australian Government, <http://www.defence.gov.au/Publications/Reviews/ADFPosture/Docs/Report.pdf>.
Kerry, John, 2013/1/24, “Statement of Senator John F. Kerry, Nominee for Secretary of State,” U.S. Department of State.
Kerry, John, 2013/3/11, “Remarks With Bruneian Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Before Their Meeting,” <https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2013/03/205952.htm>.
Kerry, John, 2013/4/15, “Remarks on a 21st Century Pacific Partnership,” U.S. Department of State, <https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2013/04/207487.htm>.
Kirk, Ron, 2009/12/14, “Trans-Pacific Partnership Announcement,” <https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2009/december/trans-pacific-partnership-announcement>.
Ministry of External Affairs of Government of India, 2010/11/8, “Joint Statement of Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh and President Barack Obama” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2010/11/08/joint-statement-president-obama-and-prime-minister-singh-india>.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2015/5/3, “Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's Visit to the United States of America,” <https://www.mofa.go.jp/na/na1/us/page3e_000341.html>.
Obama, Barack, 2009/11/14, “Remarks by President Barack Obama at Suntory Hall,” The White House, <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/remarks-president-barack-obama-suntory-hall>.
Obama, Barack, 2010/1/27, “Remarks by the President in State of the Union Address,” The White House, <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-state-union-address>.
Obama, Barack, 2011/11/17, “Remarks by President Obama to the Australian Parliament,” The White House, <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/11/17/remarks-president-obama-australian-parliament>.
Obama, Barack, 2015/1/20, “Remarks by the President in State of the Union Address,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/01/20/remarks-president-state-union-address-January-20-2015>.
Obama, Barack, 2015/10/5, “Statement by the President on the Trans-Pacific Partnership,” The White House, <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/10/05/statement-president-trans-pacific-partnership>.
Obama, Barack, 2015/12/12, “Statement by the President on the Paris Climate Agreement,” The White House, <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/12/12/statement-president-paris-climate-agreement>.
Obama, Barack, 2015/5/8, “Remarks by the President on Trade.”
Panetta, Leon E., 2012/12/18, “Remarks by Secretary Panetta at the National Press Club, Washington, D.C.,” U.S. Department of Defense, <http://archive.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=5169>.
Panetta, Leon E., 2012/6/2, “Remarks by Secretary Panetta at the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore,” U.S. Department of Defense, <http://archive.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=5049>.
Russel, Daniel, 2015/5/13, “Testimony of Daniel Russel Assistant Secretary of State Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs U.S. Department of State Before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee - Maritime Issues in East Asia,” <https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/051315_REVISED_Russel_Testimony.pdf>.
The White House, 1990/3, “National Security Strategy of the United States,” March, 1990, <https://history.defense.gov/Portals/70/Documents/nss/nss1990.pdf?ver=2014-06-25-121138-080>.
The White House, 1994/7, “A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement,” <https://history.defense.gov/Portals/70/Documents/nss/nss1994.pdf?ver=2014-06-25-121219-500>.
The White House, 2006/6, “The National Security Strategy of United States,” <https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/64884.pdf>.
The White House, 2009/11/17, “U.S.-China Joint Statement,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/us-china-joint-statement>.
The White House, 2009/11/19, “Remarks by President Barack Obama and President Lee Myung-Bak of Republic of Korea in Joint Press Conference,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-barack-obama-and-president-lee-myung-bak-republic-korea-joint-pre>.
The White House, 2009/4/2, “Statements On The Obama-Hu Bilateral Meeting, April 1, 2009,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/statement-bilateral-meeting-with-president-hu-china>.
The White House, 2010/11/9, “Press Conference by President Obama and President Yudhoyono of Indonesia in Jakarta, Indonesia,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2010/11/09/press-conference-president-obama-and-president-yudhoyono-indonesia-jakar>.
The White House, 2010/5, “National Security Strategy,” <http://nssarchive.us/NSSR/2010.pdf>.
The White House, 2010/9/24, “Remarks By President Obama and President Triet Of Vietnam at Opening Of U.S.-ASEAN Leaders Meeting,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2010/09/24/remarks-president-obama-and-president-triet-vietnam-opening-us-asean-lea>.
The White House, 2012/11/18, “Joint Press Statement between President Barack Obama and Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/11/18/joint-press-statement-between-president-barack-obama-and-prime-minister->.
The White House, 2012/11/19, “Remarks by President Obama and President Thein Sein of Burma After Bilateral Meeting,” Nov 19, 2012, <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/11/19/remarks-president-obama-and-president-thein-sein-burma-after-bilateral-m>.
The White House, 2012/6/8, “Statement on President Obama's Meeting with President Aquino of the Philippines,” <https://www.cfo.gov.ph/news/from-overseas-filipinos/448-statement-on-president-obamas-meeting-with1-president-aquino-of-the-philippines.html>.
The White House, 2013/3/12, “Remarks by President Obama and His Majesty Sultan of Brunei Darussalam After a Bilateral Meeting,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/03/12/remarks-president-obama-and-his-majesty-sultan-brunei-darussalam-after-b>.
The White House, 2014/4/24, “Joint Press Conference with President Obama and Prime Minister Abe of Japan,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/04/24/joint-press-conference-president-obama-and-prime-minister-abe-japan>.
The White House, 2014/4/27, “Joint Statement By President Obama And Prime Minister Najib Of Malaysia,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/04/27/joint-statement-president-obama-and-prime-minister-najib-malaysia-0>.
The White House, 2014/4/27, “Press Briefing by Deputy National Security Advisor for Strategic Communication Ben Rhodes and NSC Senior Director for Asian Affairs Evan Medeiros,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/04/27/press-briefing-deputy-national-security-advisor-strategic-communication->.
The White House, 2015/1/25, “U.S.-India Joint Strategic Vision for the Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean Region,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/01/25/us-india-joint-strategic-vision-asia-pacific-and-indian-ocean-region>.
The White House, 2015/11/17, “Remarks by President Obama and President Aquino of the Republic of the Philippines after Bilateral Meeting,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/11/17/remarks-president-obama-and-president-aquino-republic-philippines-after>.
The White House, 2015/2, “National Security Strategy,” Feb 2015, <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/2015_national_security_strategy_2.pdf>.
The White House, 2017/1/12, “FACT SHEET: The Obama Administration’s Record on the Trade Enforcement,” <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/12/fact-sheet-obama-administrations-record-trade-enforcement>.
Tom, Donilon, 2013/3/11, “The United States and the Asia-Pacific in 2013,” The White House, <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/03/11/remarks-tom-donilon-national-security-advisor-president-united-states-an>.
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U.S. Department of State, “Bush’s Foreign Policy,” A Short History of The Department of State, <https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/bushi>.
U.S. Department of State, 2010/12/15, “The 2010 Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR): Leading Through Civilian Power,” <https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/dmr/qddr/2010/index.htm>.
US. Department of Defense, Office of International Security Affairs, 1990/4, “A strategic framework for the Asian Pacific Rim : report to Congress : looking toward the 21st century,” <https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822018798785;view=1up;seq=24>.
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US. Department of Defense, Office of International Security Affairs, 1998/11, “The United States security strategy for the East Asia-Pacific Region,” <https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003346429>.
USITC, 2016/5, “Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: Likely Impact on the U.S. Economy and on Specific Industry Sectors.”
USTR, 2008/March, “2008 Trade Policy Agenda and 2007 Annual Report,” <https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/reports-and-publications/archives/2008/2008-trade-policy-agenda-and-2007-annua>.
USTR, 2009/2/27, “THE PRESIDENT’S TRADE POLICY AGENDA.”
USTR, 2010/3/1, “2010 Trade Policy Agenda and 2009 Annual Report,” <https://ustr.gov/2010-trade-policy-agenda>.

四、報紙
Bumiller, Elisabeth, 2011/10/24, “U.S. Pivots Eastward to Address Uneasy Allies,” The New York Times, October 24, 2011, <https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/25/world/asia/united-states-pivots-eastward-to-reassure-allies-on-china.html>.
Bush, George W., 2001/9/20, “President Bush Addresses the Nation,” <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/nation/specials/attacked/transcripts/bushaddress_092001.html>.
Donilon, Tom, 2011/11/28, “America is back in the Pacific and will uphold the rules,” Financial Times, <https://www.ft.com/content/4f3febac-1761-11e1-b00e-00144feabdc0>.
Ferguson, Niall, 2008/11/17, “Niall Ferguson Says U.S.-China Cooperation Is Critical to Global Economic Health,” The Washington Post, November 17, 2008, <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/11/16/AR2008111601736.html>.
Harris, Harry, 2016/9/21, “Despite Threats and Uncertainty, America’s Commitment to Asia Remains Ironclad,” huffingtonpost.
Michael A. Memoli, 2016/9/26, “Hillary Clinton once called TPP the 'gold standard.' Here's why, and what she says about the trade deal now,” Los Angeles Times, Sep 26, 2016, <https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trade-tpp-20160926-snap-story.html>.
Sanger, David E. 2003/12/10, “Bush Lauds China Leader As 'Partner' In Diplomacy,” The New York Times, <https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/10/world/bush-lauds-china-leader-as-partner-in-diplomacy.html>.
Weymouth, Lally, 2013/3/15, “An interview with Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong,” The Washington Post, <https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/an-interview-with-singapore-prime-minister-lee-hsien-loong/2013/03/15/5ce40cd4-8cae-11e2-9838-d62f083ba93f_story.html?utm_term=.5c554321300f>.
Whitlock, Craig, 2012/6/8, “Philippine President Aquino seeks U.S. military aid,” The Washington Post, <https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/philippine-president-aquino-seeks-us-military-aid/2012/06/08/gJQAUEwtOV_story.html?utm_term=.07c4deb413a7>.
Zoellick, Robert B. ＆ Justin Yifu Lin, 2009/3/6, ”Recovery Rides on The 'G-2',” The Washington Post, <http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/opinion/2009/03/06/recovery-rides-g-2>.

五、網際網路
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ASEAN Secretariat Information Paper, 2018/7, “Overview of ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation,” <https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Overview-of-APT-Cooperation-Jul-2018.pdf>.
ASEAN, 2012/8, “Guiding Principles and Objectives for Negotiating the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership,” <https://asean.org/storage/2012/05/RCEP-Guiding-Principles-public-copy.pdf>.
Bramston, Troy, 2018/9/4, “US Marines sent a ‘message to China’ with Darwin deployment,” The Weekend Australian, <https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/defence/us-marines-sent-a-message-to-china-with-darwin-deployment/news-story/552d3e114d5fd21f076a3184688f3562>.
Bureao of Labor Statics, Databases, Tables & Calculators by Subject, <https://data.bls.gov/pdq/SurveyOutputServlet>.
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Bush, George H. W., 1990/9/11, “Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the Persian Gulf Crisis and the Federal Budget Deficit,” <https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Address_Before_a_Joint_Session_of_the_Congress_on_the_Persian_Gulf_Crisis_and_the_Federal_Budget_Deficit>.
Bush, George W., 1999/11/19, “A Distinctly American Internationalism,” <https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/bush/wspeech.htm>.
Citizens Trade Campaign, 2016/1/7, “Over 1,500 Organizations Urge Opposition to the TPP.”
Clinton, Bill, 1993/5/28, “Statement on Most-Favored-Nation Trade Status for China,” <http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=46632>.
Clinton, Bill, 1993/7/10, “Remarks to the Korean National Assembly in Seoul,” <http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=46829>.
Clinton, Hilary, 2009/1/13, “Transcript: Hillary Clinton Confirmation Hearing,” <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/documents/transcript_clinton.html?noredirect=on>.
Clinton, Hilary, 2011/11/11. “ America’s Pacific Century, ” Foreign Policy, <https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/10/11/americas-pacific-century/>.
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Congressional Budget Office, Historical Budget Data, 2018/4, <https://www.cbo.gov/about/products/budget-economic-data>.
Cooper, William H. & Mark E. Manyin, 2013/8/13, “Japan Joins the Trans-Pacific Partnership: What Are the Implications?,” CRS, <https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42676.pdf>.
Cooper, William H., 2011/1/4, “The Future of U.S. Trade Policy: An Analysis of Issues and Options for the 112th Congress” CRS, <https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227665/m1/1/high_res_d/R41145_2011Jan04.pdf>.
Dumbaugh, Kerry, 2009/10/8, “China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy,” CRS, <https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R40457.pdf>.
East Asia Summit, 2005/12/14, “Chairman’s Statement of the First East Asia Summit Kuala Lumpur,” dec 14, 2005, <https://asean.org/?static_post=chairman-s-statement-of-the-first-east-asia-summit-kuala-lumpur-14-december-2005-2>.
Freeman, Charles W. III ＆ Matthew Goodman, 2008/10. “Crafting U.S. Economic Strategy toward Asia: Lessons Learned from 30 Years of Experience,” CSIS, <https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/081016_freeman_craftusecon_web.pdf>.
Glaser, Bonnie S., 2012/4/13, “Pivot to Asia: Prepare for Unintended Consequences,” Part of the 2012 Global Forecast, CSIS, <https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/120413_gf_glaser.pdf>.
Gordon, Michael R. “Cheney Gives Plan to Reduce Forces by 25% in 5 Years,” The New York Times, June 20, 1990, <https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/20/us/cheney-gives-plan-to-reduce-forces-by-25-in-5-years.html>.
Hiroyuki Taguchi & Hak-Loh Lee, 2016/7, “ASEAN-Plus-One Free Trade Agreements and Their Trade Effects” Munich Personal RePEc Archive, <https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/72503/1/MPRA_paper_72503.pdf>.
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Lawrence, Susan V., Jane A. Leggett, Wayne M. Morrison, 2014/11/13, “President Obama's November 2014 Visit to China: The Bilateral greements,” CRS Insights, November 13, 2014, <https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IN10181.pdf>.
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Manyin, Mark E.、Stephen Daggett、Ben Dolven、Susan V. Lawrence、Michael F. Martin、Ronald O'Rourke ＆ Bruce Vaughn, “Pivot to the Pacific? The Obama Administration’s 2012/3/28. “Rebalancing” Toward Asia, ” CRS , <https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R42448.pdf>.
Obama, Barack, 2007/4/23, “Remarks of Senator Barack Obama to the Chicago Council on Global Affairs,” <https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Remarks_of_Senator_Barack_Obama_to_the_Chicago_Council_on_Global_Affairs>.
O'Marah, Kevin, 2015/5/22, “Elizabeth Warren On TPP: Bad For Business,” Forbes, <https://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinomarah/2015/05/22/elizabeth-warren-on-the-tpp-bad-for-business/#60a18d41685d>.
Petri, Peter A., & Michael G. Plummer, 2016/1, “The Economic Effects of the Trans-Pacific Partnership: New Estimates,” Working Paper Series, Peterson Institute for International Economics, <https://www.piie.com/publications/working-papers/economic-effects-trans-pacific-partnership-new-estimates>.
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