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研究生：	張正雄 Stephen Zhengxiong Zhang
論文名稱：	閩南語情態動詞初探 A Preliminary Study of Modal Verbs in Southern Min
指導教授：	黃美金 Huang, Mei-Jin 張妙霞 Chang, Miao-Hsia
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	英語學系 Department of English
論文出版年：	2000
畢業學年度：	88
語文別：	英文
中文關鍵詞：	閩南語、情態動詞
英文關鍵詞：	Southern Min, Modal Verb
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：175 下載：43
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中文摘要
本論文從歷時的觀點探討閩南語的情態動詞。前人的研究多半是共時的分析，對閩南語情態動詞的語意發展著墨不多。希望本研究在這方面能起到拋磚引玉的作用。
情態動詞可分為三類：非認知主語導向；非認知說話者導向；認知說話者導向。由本研究的分可得知情態詞語意發展的傾向為：非認知主語導向→非認知說話者導向→認知說話者導向。
本論文分析ai3、tioh8、e7、u7、beh4 和 e7-hiau2、e7-tang3、e7-sai2。這些都是閩南語常見的情態動詞。本研究在詞義的分析方面採用的方法將每一個詞的原始核心意義找出來，不強調言談語境的影響。因為語料的限制，本論文只是閩南語情態動詞語義發展的初步探索，並沒有深入進行語用的分析。

ABSTRACT
This study examines the semantics of modal verbs in Southern Min from a diachronic viewpoint. The previous studies of Teng (1980), Cheng (1980), Li (1983), Xu (1994) and Hsin (1999) are mainly synchronic and provide a basis for understanding the semantics of modal verbs in Southern Min. However, none of them contains much information on the semantic development of the Southern Min modal verbs. The present study attempts to fill this gap.
In this study, modality is divided into three types: non-epistemic & subject-oriented, non-epistemic & speaker-oriented, and epistemic & speaker-oriented. From our analysis, the tendency on the directionality of modality semantic change in modality are as follows: non-epistemic and subject-oriented > non-epistemic and speaker-oriented > epistemic and speaker-oriented.
The analysis focuses on ai3, tioh8, e7, u7, beh4 and e7’s three compounds, i.e. e7-hiau2, e7-tang3 and e7-sai2. All these are among the most frequently occurring modal verbs in Southern Min. The approach adopted in analyses of word meaning is to assign a meaning to a word in isolation from a specific context of use, not to regard the meaning of a word as being largely dependent on a specific context of use. We isolate a single core meaning for each of the modal verbs mentioned above in Southern Min, which is independent of its non-linguistic environment. Because the data are collected out of context, a pragmatic analysis of the Southern Min modal verbs remains to be made for another occasion.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS-----------------------------------------------i
ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------------ii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS----------------------------------------iii
LIST OF TABLES-----------------------------------------------vii
Chapter One Introduction---------------------------------------1
1 The Language under Study-----------------------------------1
2 The Objective and Organization of the Study----------------2
3 The Transcriptions of Southern Min and Mandarin------------3
Chapter Two Literature Survey on Modality in Southern Min------5
1 The Definition of Modality---------------------------------5
2 A Brief Review of Some Previous Literature on Types of Modality-------------------------------------------------------5
2.1 Lyons (1977, 1995)---------------------------------------6
2.2 Coates (1983)--------------------------------------------6
2.3 Quirk et al. (1985)--------------------------------------6
2.4 Palmer (1986, 1990)--------------------------------------7
2.5 Bybee et al. (1994)--------------------------------------7
3 Types of Modality in Southern Min--------------------------8
3.1 Teng (1980)----------------------------------------------8
3.2 Cheng (1980)--------------------------------------------10
3.3 Li (1983)-----------------------------------------------10
2.4 Xu (1994)-----------------------------------------------11
3.5 Hsin (1999)---------------------------------------------11
3.6 Typology Adopted in This Study--------------------------12
4 Ways to Express Modality in Southern Min------------------14
Chapter Three Grammaticalization and the Evolution of Modal Meanings------------------------------------------------------15
1 The Definition of Grammaticalization----------------------15
2 Two Tendencies in the Evolution of Modal Meanings---------15
Chapter Four Ai3 and Tioh8------------------------------------19
1 Original Meaning of Ai3 in Ancient Chinese----------------19
2 Previous Studies on Ai3-----------------------------------20
3 A Semantic Analysis of Ai3--------------------------------20
3.1 Love (Like, Be Apt to)----------------------------------21
3.2 Desire--------------------------------------------------23
3.3 Need----------------------------------------------------24
3.4 Obligation----------------------------------------------26
3.5 Prediction----------------------------------------------27
3.6 The Negative Forms of Ai3-------------------------------27
4 Original Meaning of Tioh8 in Ancient Chinese--------------29
5 Previous Studies on Tioh8---------------------------------29
6 A Semantic Analysis of Tioh8------------------------------30
6.1 Modal Uses----------------------------------------------31
6.1.1Obligation---------------------------------------------31
6.1.2 Prediction--------------------------------------------32
6.2 Non-Modal Senses----------------------------------------33
7 Summary---------------------------------------------------36
Chapter Five E7 and U7----------------------------------------38
1 Original Meaning of E7 in Ancient Chinese-----------------38
2 Previous Studies on E7------------------------------------38
3 A Semantic Analysis of E7---------------------------------41
3.1 Ability-------------------------------------------------41
3.2 Volition------------------------------------------------43
3.3 Prediction----------------------------------------------44
3.4 Undesirable Quality-------------------------------------46
4 Original Meaning of U7 in Ancient Chinese-----------------47
5 Previous Studies on U7------------------------------------48
6 A Semantic Analysis of U7---------------------------------51
6.1 Possession----------------------------------------------51
6.2 Existence-----------------------------------------------54
6.3 Assertion-----------------------------------------------55
6.4 Estimation----------------------------------------------56
6.5 Desirable Quality---------------------------------------57
7 Summary---------------------------------------------------59
Chapter Six Beh4----------------------------------------------61
1 Selection of the Chinese Character for Beh4---------------61
2 Previous Studies on Beh4----------------------------------64
3 A Semantic Analysis of Beh4-------------------------------66
3.1 Desire--------------------------------------------------66
3.2.Volition------------------------------------------------67
3.3 Prediction and Futurity---------------------------------68
3.4 Proximity-----------------------------------------------69
3.5 Conditional---------------------------------------------70
3.6 The Negative Forms of Beh4------------------------------71
4 Summary---------------------------------------------------72
Chapter Seven E7-hiau2, E7-tang3 and E7-sai2------------------74
1 A Semantic Analysis of E7-hiau2---------------------------74
2 A Semantic Analysis of E7-tang3---------------------------75
3 A Semantic Analysis of E7-sai2----------------------------76
4 Summary---------------------------------------------------77
Chapter Eight Comparison among the Modal Verbs----------------78
1 Introductory Remarks--------------------------------------78
2 Ability---------------------------------------------------78
3 Permission------------------------------------------------81
4 Obligation------------------------------------------------82
5 Prediction------------------------------------------------83
6 Concluding Remarks----------------------------------------85
Chapter Nine Conclusion---------------------------------------87
1 General Summing Up----------------------------------------87
2 Suggestions for Further Research--------------------------88
Bibliography--------------------------------------------------89
                                

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