研究生: |
羅維雅 Wei-Ya Lo |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
正向心理資本、工作價值觀及知覺壓力對敬業貢獻度之影響研究─以企業聲望認知為調節變項 The Influence on Engagement from Positive Psychological Capital 、Work Value and Work Stressors—Perceived External Prestige as a Moderator Variable |
指導教授: |
余鑑
Yu, Chien 于俊傑 Yu, Chin-Cheh |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
科技應用與人力資源發展學系 Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development |
論文出版年: | 2013 |
畢業學年度: | 101 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 129 |
中文關鍵詞: | 正向心理資本 、工作價值觀 、知覺壓力 、企業聲望認知 、敬業貢獻度 |
英文關鍵詞: | positive psychological capital, work value, work stressors, perceived external prestig, engagement |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:247 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
企業經營活動中利潤的創造能促使企業生存與發展得以持續,員工的工作績效是企業創造卓越利潤中不可或缺的一環,而員工敬業度和財務表現間的關聯性強,因此,企業如能提升員工關鍵的敬業驅動力,會使員工更加敬業,進而提升工作績效,以達到企業成長目的。國營事業之發展有其時代背景及意義,其謀求全民福祉的立意未變,然因應客觀環境的變化,國營事業不得不面臨改革以追求更卓越的經營表現。國營事業人員在工作上的安定與組織面臨改革所追求的績效間如何適切的結合,從招募高敬業貢獻度者開始,到發展優質人才並創造激勵員工環境,以促進員工能為公司付出更多努力,並達成企業高績效的目標。
本研究旨在探討正向心理資本、工作價值觀、知覺壓力與敬業貢獻度之間的關聯性,並以企業聲望認知為調節變項分析其在正向心理資本、工作價值觀、知覺壓力與敬業貢獻度之間是否具有調節效果。而本研究之對象為台電公司員工,採用便利抽樣方式委託人力發送問卷以取得實證資料,總共回收了575個有效樣本。
研究結果發現:(1)正向心理資本對敬業貢獻度有正向影響,(2)工作價值觀對敬業貢獻度有正向影響,(3)挑戰性壓力對敬業貢獻度有正向影響,(4)障礙性壓力對敬業貢獻度不具負向影響,(5)企業聲望認知對正向心理資本影響敬業貢獻度不具有調節效果,(6)企業聲望認知對工作價值觀影響敬業貢獻度有調節效果,(7)企業聲望認知對挑戰性壓力影響敬業貢獻度不具調節效果,(8)企業聲望認知對障礙性壓力影響敬業貢獻度不具調節效果。本研究結果,期望能提供國營企業及其他產業之管理者及人資人員於甄選人才及經營管理發展之參考,透過員工正向心理資本、工作價值觀、挑戰性壓力知覺及企望聲望的強化,促進員工敬業貢獻度提升,達成企業成長目的。
The creation of profit in the business activities can promote corporation’s competitive power and sustain development and employee performance of is an integral part of the enterprise to create a superior profit. There is a strong correlation between employee engagement and financial performance of a corporation. If enterprises improve the key dedicated driving force of employee engagement, employee performance will be better and achieve the purpose of business growth. The development of state-run enterprise has its unique historical background and significance. The state-run enterprises unchanged to seek national well-being, but the state-owned enterprises have to face the reform to the pursuit of excellence in business performance. The state-owned enterprises’ employees work stability, but how an appropriate combination with organizational performance in the reform is very important. From recruiting high engagement employees to developing their talent to create incentives work environment, the employees can devote more efforts for the company to reach high performance goals.
This study aims to examine the correlation among positive psychological capital, work value, work stressors,perceived external prestige and engagement. Perceived external prestige is the moderator variable to analyze the effects among positive psychological capital, work value, work stressors and engagement. The object of this study is Taiwan Power Company employees. The empirical data are collected by people. The total of the valid samples are 575.
The results showed: (1)Positive psychological capital has a positive impact on engagement. (2)Work value has a positive impact on engagement. (3)Challenge stressors has a positive impact on engagement. (4)Hindrance stressors has no negtive impact on engagement. (5)Perceived external prestige has no moderating effects on positive psychological capital influencing engagement. (6)Perceived external prestige has moderating effects on work value influencing engagement. (7)Perceived external prestige has no moderating effects on challenge stressors influencing engagement. (8)Perceived external prestige has no moderating effects on hindrance stressors influencing engagement.We hope the research results provide managers and human resource personnel of state-owned enterprises and other industries as references for the process of recruiting new employees and business management development. Through intensify employee’s positive psychological capital,work value, perceptions of challenge stressors and perceived external prestige , it will promote employee engagement to achieve the purpose of business growth.
一、中文部分
Aon Hewitt- 2011年全球員工敬業度趨勢調。Aon Taiwan Corporate Newsletter July Issue 6,2-3。
公營事業移轉民營條例(2003)。
朱慶龍(2003)。五大人格特質、工作價值觀和工作滿意三者相互關係之研究。國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
吳明隆、涂金棠(2007)。SPSS 與統計應用分析。台北:五南。
吳秉恩(1986)。組織行為學。台北:華泰。
吳柏郁(2009)。國際觀光旅館員工知覺壓力、工作態度與工作角色表現之相關研究─以組織支持為干擾變項。輔仁大學餐旅管理學系碩士班論文,未出版,新北市。
吳瑞甯(2012)。基層公路監理人員人格特質、工作價值觀、工作滿意與工作績效之關聯性研究:以工作滿意為中介變數。南華大學企業管理系管理科學碩博士班碩士論文,未出版,嘉義縣。
吳聰賢(1983)。農村青年職業興趣、工作價值與職業選擇之關係研究。台北:行政院青年輔導委員會。
吳鐵雄(1995)。工作價值觀量表之編製研究。台北:行政院青年輔導委員會。
吳鐵雄、李坤崇、劉佑星、歐慧敏(1996)。大專畢業在職人員在工作價值觀量表之信效度、常模與價值觀組型,測驗年刊,43,173-188。
呂奇樺(2007)。組織公平、企業聲望認知與組織承諾之關係探討。國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園縣。
呂曉萍(2010)。國小教師工作壓力與工作投入相關之研究-以情緒智力為中介變項。南台科技大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
李元墩、鐘志明(2001)。企業文化、員工工作價值觀及組織承諾之關聯性研究–以台灣地區主要集團為例。長榮學報,4(2),1-18。
李冠儀(2000)。國小教師對學校組織氣氛知覺、工作價值觀與專業承諾之相關。國立花蓮師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,花蓮市。
李麗芳(2008)。工作價值觀與角色壓力對工作投入關係之研究-以彰化縣兼任行政工作教師為例。立德大學城鄉與資產計劃學系碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
周義翔(2007)。心理契約違反、敬業貢獻度與工作壓力關聯性之研究-以中部地區機械設備產業為例。國立彰化師範大學企業管理學系碩士論文,未出版,彰化市。
林水木(2001)。國民小學組織變革與教師工作壓力關係之研究。臺中師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台中市。
林依亭(2009)。影響工作敬業心前因與後果之跨層次分析-正向組織行為與正向組織學識觀點。國立東華大學企業管理學系碩士論文,未出版,花蓮縣。
林卓緯(2008)。組織服務氣候與員工組織公民行為-心理資本為中介角色。高雄師範大學人力與知識管理研究所 碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
林芳宇(2011)。壓力類型對組織公民行為之影響:以心理需求滿足及情緒失調為中介變項滿足及情緒失調為中介變項。TOPCO崇越論文大賞。
洪啟強(2011)。正向心理資本、工作敬業心、服務氣候與服務導向組織公民行為之研究。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文, 未出版,高雄市。
洪瑞斌、劉兆明(2003)。工作價值觀研究在台灣之回顧與展望。應用心理研究,19,211-250。
孫海龍(2010)。工作價值觀與工作態度、服務品質認知之關聯性研究-以高雄地區就業服務站為例。高雄師範大學人力與知識管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
高瑞新(2011)。工作價值觀與服務導向組織公民行為之研究─以警專學生為例探討心理契約與專業承諾之中介效果。國立中央大學企業管理研究所博士論文,未出版,桃園縣。
國營事業管理法(2011)。
張力仁(2010)。轉換型領導、組織自尊對組織公民行為影響之研究-以敬業貢獻度為中介變項。國立臺灣師範大學科技應用與人力資源發展學系人力資源碩士在職進修專班碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
張春興(1989)。張氏心理學辭典。台北市:東華。
張郁斐(2007)。工作價值觀與組織承諾對組織公民行為影響之研究-以海運承攬運送業為例。國立臺灣海洋大學航運管理學系碩士論文,未出版,基隆市。
張惠英(2002)。國民小學教師工作價值觀、工作生活品質與組織承諾關係之研究。屏東師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,屏東市。
張惠雯(2009)。工作價值觀、組織承諾與工作績效關係之研究-以公部門派遣人員為例。國立臺灣海洋大學航運管理學系碩士論文,未出版,基隆市。
張順發、羅希哲(2005)。國小教師工作價值觀與組織承諾關係之研究。國民教育研究學報,14,79-111。
許嫚籤(2006)。工作要求、控制對工作倦怠與敬業貢獻度的影響:社會支持與因應策略之角色。國立彰化師範大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化市。
郭生玉(2005)。心理與教育研究法。台北市:精華。
郭淑珍(2010)。正向心理學的意涵與學習上的應用。銘傳教育電子期刊,2,56-72。
郭馨鎂(2003)。保全人員工作價值觀對工作態度影響之研究-以台灣南部地區從業人員為例。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
陳世文(2010)。兩岸員工工作價值觀、工作滿足與組織承諾之差異性探討。南台科技大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
陳銘峰(2010)。嘉義縣國民中學教師心理資本與工作倦怠之研究。國立嘉義大學教育學系研究所 碩士論文, 未出版,嘉義市。
陳錦輝(2010)。工作壓力、工作倦怠與情感承諾之關係—工作控制與自我效能聯合調節作用。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所博士論文,未出版,高雄市。
陳寶山(1986)。國民小學教師的教育價值觀。台灣師範大學教育研究所集刊,28,299-309,。
黃同圳(1993)。青年勞工工作價值觀與組織向心力之研究。青年輔導研究報告之93。台北:行政院青年輔委員會。
黃相瑋、張哲千、劉啟帆(2005)。運動休閒相關學系學生工作價值觀之研究。彰化師範大學體育學報,5,213-229。
黃紹傑(2010)。工作壓力、人格特質與工作投入對憲兵人員的組織公民行為之研究-以我國憲兵人員為對象。中華大學行政管理學系碩士班碩士論文,未出版,新竹市。
黃賀(2009)。組織行為:影響力的形成與發揮。台北:前程文化事業。
黃新波(2009)。企業聲望對工作態度與行為之影響。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
黃煜凱(2009)。3C商品銷售人員工作價值觀與工作績效關係之研究。國立成功大學企業管理學系碩博士班碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
黃寶園(2009)。工作壓力對工作滿足、職業倦怠影響之研究:統合分析取向。教育心理學報,40(3),439-462。
楊國樞(1994)。中國人的價值觀—社會科學觀點。台北:桂冠。
葉欣婷(2010)。國際觀光旅館員工工作價值觀、工作態度與工作績效之相關研究-以主管領導風格為干擾變項。輔仁大學餐旅管理學系碩士班碩士論文,未出版,新北市。
趙傑夫(1987)。我國台灣地區國民中學校長工作壓力之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所博士論文,未出版,台北市。
劉曾若(2010)。人力資源管理對組織承諾影響之研究—以敬業貢獻度為中介變項。國立臺灣師範大學科技應用與人力資源發展學系人力資源碩士在職進修專班碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
劉禮尊(2011)。工作習慣對工作壓力知覺影響之研究-以內政部空中勤務總隊為例。世新大學行政管理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
蔡玉董(2006)。國民小學教師工作壓力與因應策略之研究。國立台南大學教育經營與管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南市。
蔡盛明(2003)。公營事業工作價值觀、工作特性、員工屬性與組織承諾之關聯性研究─以中國石油公司為實證對象。中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
鄭韻玫(2001)。中年生涯轉換者工作價值觀轉化學習之研究,國立台灣師範大學社會教育研究所碩士論文,台北市。
蕭文龍(2009)。多變量分析最佳入門實用書─SPSS+LISREL。台北:碁峰。
錢淑芬(1997)。軍校生工作價值觀量表編製研究。測驗年刊,4(1),209-232。
薛應敏(2012)。工作價值觀與工作績效之關聯性研究—以沛華集團為例。國立高雄海洋科技大學航運管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
謝秀真(2006)。公共職業訓練中心員工壓力知覺與組織承諾及工作滿足關係之研究。世新大學行政管理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
鍾淑珍(1999)。台灣與大陸新人類工作價值觀比較—以一電腦公司為例。中央大學人力資源研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園縣。
藍采風(1981)。生活的壓力與適應。台北:幼獅。
藍采風(2003)。全方位壓力管理。台北:幼獅。
羅俊龍(1995)。教師個人背景變項與工作價值觀、工作滿足、組織承諾關係之研究—以宜蘭縣公立國民中學現任教師之實證研究。東吳大學管理科學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
藺寶欽(2009)。心理賦權、心理資本對組織公民行為之影響-轉換型領導之中介角色。國立高雄應用科技大學人力資源發展系碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
二、外文部分
Alan, M. S., & Jamie, A. G. (2011). Manage employee engagement to manage performance. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 4, 204-207.
Aldag, R. J., & Brief, R. P. (1975). Some correlates of work values. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 757-761.
Andrisani, P. J., & Parnes, H. S. (1983). Commitment to the work ethic and success in the labor market: A review of research findings. In J. Barbash, R. J. Lapman, S. A. Levitan & G. Tyler (Eds.), The Work Ethic-A Critical Analysis (pp. 101-120). Madison, WI: IRRA.
Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1995). Emotion in the workplace: A reappraisal. Human Relations, 48, 97-125.
Avey, J. B., Luthans, F., & Jensen, S. M. (2009). Psychological capital: A positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover. Human Resource Management, 48(5), 677– 693.
Avey, J. B., Wernsing, T. S., & Luthans, F. (2008). Can positive employees help positive organizational change? Impact of psychological capital and emotions on relevant attitudes and behaviors. The Journal of Applied behavioral Science, 44(1), 48-70.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Bandura, A., & Locke, E. A. (2003). Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1), 87-99.
Barnett, M. L., Jermier, J. M., & Lafferty, B. A. (2006). Corporate reputation: The definitional landscape. Corporate Reputation Review, 9(1), 26-38.
Bartels, J., Pruym, A., Jong, M. D., & Joustra, I. (2007). Multiple organizational identification levels and the impact of perceived external prestige and communication climate. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28, 173-190.
Blizzard, R. (2003). Employee engagement: Where do hospitals begin? The Gallup Poll Tuesday Briefing, 11(2), 91.
Blood, M. R. (1969). Work values and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 53(6), 456-459.
Bolino, M. C., & Turnley, W. H. (2005). The personal costs of citizenship behavior: The relationship between individual initiative and role overload, job stress, and work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 740-748.
Britt, T. W., & Bliese P. D. (2003). Testing the stress-buffering effects of self engagement among soldiers on a military operation. Journal of Personality, 71(2), 245-266.
Britt, T. W., Bartone, P. T., & Adler, A. B. (2001). Deriving benefits from stressful events: The role of engagement in meaningful work and hardiness. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(1): 53-63.
Brown, D. (2002). The role of work and cultural values in occupational choice, satisfaction and success: A theoretical tatement. Journal of Counseling and Development, 80(1), 48-56.
Carmeli, A. (2004). The link between organizational elements, perceived external prestige and performance. Corporate Reputation Review, 6(4), 314-331.
Carmeli, A., & Tishler, A. (2005). Perceived organizational reputation and organizational performance: An empirical investigation of industrial enterprise. Corporate Reputation Review, 8(1), 13-30.
Carver, C., & Scheier, M. (2002). Optimism. In C. R. Snyder & S. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 231-243). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Cavanaugh, M. A., Boswell, W. R., Roehling, M. V., & Boudreau, J. W. (2000). An empirical examination of self-reported work stress among U.S. managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 65-74.
Compas, B. E. (1987). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 1(3), 393-403
Cox, T. (1978). Stress. Baltimore, MD: The University Park Press.
Dawis, R. V., & Lofquist, L. (1984). A psychological theory of work adjustment. Minneapolis, MN: University of Mineapolis Press.
Dose, J. J. (1997). Work value: An integrative framework and illustrative application to organizational socialization. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 219-240.
Dutton, J. E., & Dukerich, J. M. (1991). Keeping an eye on the mirror: the role of image and identity in organizational adaptation. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 517-554.
Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M., & Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(2), 239-263.
Elizur, D., Brog, I., Hunt, R., & Beck, I. M. (1991). The structure of work values: A crosscultural comparison. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12, 21-38.
Fawcett, R. (2003). A relational and emotional approach to employee engagement. European Quality, 10(3), 45-50.
Fishbein, M. (1967). Attitude and the prediction of behavior. In M. Fishbein (Ed.), Readings in attitude theory and measurement (pp. 477-492). New York: Wiley.
French, J. R., & Kahn, R. L. (1962). A programmatic approach to studying the industrial environment and mental health. Journal of Social Issues, 18(1), 1-47.
Ganguly, D. (2003). Married to the job. The Economic Times, 7(1), 23-34.
Gilly, M. C., & Wolfinbarger, M. (1998). Advertising’s internal audience. Journal of Marketing, 62(1), 69-88.
Greenberg, G., & Baron, R. (1997). Behavior in organization. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Haber, R. N., & Hershenson, M. (1973). The psychology of visual perception. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Harding, S. (2004). Building an engaged workforce. Europe Quality, 10(2), 43.
Hazar, J. T., & Alvares, K. M. (1981). Police work value during organization entry and assimilation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66(1), 12-18.
Hogg, M. A., & Terry, D. J. (2000). Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 121-140.
Jennifer, M. G., & Gareth, R. J. (1997). Experiencing work: Values, attitude, and moods. Human Relations, 50, 393-416.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 697-724
Kahn, W. A. (1992). To be fully there: Psychological presence at work. Human Relations, 45, 321-350.
Kalleberg, A. L. (1977). Work value and job rewards: A theory of job satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 42, 124-143.
Kaplan, P. S., & Stein, J. (1984). Psychology of adjustment. New York: Wadsworth.
Katz, M. R. (1963). Decisions and values: A rationale for secondary school. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
Kinnane, D., & Gaubinger, M. (1963). The Kurds and Kurdistan. New York: Oxford University Press.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Lazarus, A. A. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Leong, C. S., Furnham, A., & Cooper, C. L. (1996). The moderating effect oforganizational commitment on the occupational stress outcome relationship. Human Relations, 49, 1345-1363.
Lincoln, J. R., & Kalleberg, A. L. (1990). Culture, comtrol and commitment: A study of work organization and work attitudes in the United States and Japan. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Locke, E. A., & Henne, D. (1986). Work motivation theories. In C. Lcooper & I. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organisational psychology (pp. 1-35). Chichester, England: Wiley.
Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 695-706.
Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Clapp-Smith, R., & Li, W. (2008). More evidence on the value of Chinese workers’ psychological capital: A potentially unlimited competitive resource? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19, 818-827.
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Li, W. (2005). The psychological capital of Chinese workers: Exploring the relationship with performance. Management and Organization Review, 1, 247-269.
Luthans, F., Luthans, K. W., & Luthans, B. C. (2004). Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital. Business Horizons, 41(1), 45-50.
Luthans, F., Norman, S. M., Avolio, B. J., & Avey, J. B. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60, 541-572.
Luthans, F., Vogelgesang, G. R., & Lester, P. B. (2006). Developing the psychological capital of resiliency. Human Resource Development Review, 5(1), 25-44.
Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2004). Human, social, and now positive psychological capital management: Investing in people for competitive advantage. Organizational Dynamics, 33(2), 143-160.
Macnab, D., & Fitzsimmous, G. W. (1987). A multitrait-multimethod study of work-related needs, value, and preferences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 30, 1-15.
Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 103-123.
Martin, T. N., & Schermentharm, J. R. (1983). Work and non work influence on health: A research agenda using inability to leave as a critical variable. Academy of Management Review, 8(4), 650-659.
Maslash, C., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Maslash, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422.
Masten, A. S., & Reed, M. J. (2002). Resilience in development. In C. R. Snyder & S. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 74-88). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualisation of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61-89.
Miller, M. F. (1974). Relationship and vocation maturity to work values. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 3, 367-371.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
O'Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J. A., & Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing personorganization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 487-516.
Peale, N. V. (2003). The power of positive thinking: 10 traits for maximum results. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Philpott, J. (2004). Chartered institute of personnel and development. Retrieved December 15, 2012, from http://www.employmentweek.com/
store/documents/Discussion%20IX.pdf
Post, J. E., & Griffin, J. J. (1997). Corporate reputation and external affairs management. Corporate Reputation Review, 1(1), 165-171.
Ravlian, E. C., & Meligino, B. M. (1989). Effect of values on reaction and decision marking: A study of alternative work values measures. Journal of Applies Psychology, 72, 666-673.
Rentsch, J. R., & McEwen, A. H. (2002). Comparing personality characteristics, values, and goals as antecedents of organizational attractiveness. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(3), 225-234.
Robbins, S. P. (1991). Organizational behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Robbins, S. P. (1996). Organizational behavior: Concepts, controversies and application. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Rodell, J. B., & Judge, T. A. (2009). Can "good" stressors spark "bad" behaviors? The mediating role of emotions in links of challenge and hindrance stressors with citizenship and counterproductive behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1438-1451.
Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: The Free Press.
Roper S., & Davies, G. (2007). The corporate brand: Dealing with multiple 89 stakeholders. Journal of Marketing Management, 23, 75-90.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmtory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.
Schutte, N., Toppinen, S., Kalimo, R., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2000). The factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) across occupational groups and nations. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(1), 53-66.
Seashore, S. E., & Taber, T. D. (1975). Job satisfaction and their correlates. American Behavior and Scientists, 18, 346-358.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychology, 55(1), 5-14.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1998). Learned optimism. New York: Pocket Books.
Selye, H. (1956). The stress of life. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Selye, H. (1978). The stress of life (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Selye, H. (1982). History and present status of the stress concept. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress (pp. 7-17). New York: Free Press.
Smidts, A., Pruyn, A. T. H., & Riel, C. B. M. (2001). The impact of employee communication and perceived external prestige on organizational identification. Academy of Management Journal, 49(5), 1051-1062.
Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Journal of Psychological Inquiry, 13, 249-275.
Stajkovic, A. D., & Luthans, F. (1998). Self-efficacy and work-related performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 240-261.
Steers, R. M. (1977). Antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, 46-56.
Super, D. E. (1970). Manual for the work value inventory. Chicago: Riverside.
Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52, 129-148.
Van Knippenberg, D., & Van Schie, E. C. M. (2000). Foci and correlates of
organizational identification. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73, 137-147.
Vendelo, M. T. (1998). Narrating corporate reputation: Becoming legitimate through storytelling. International Studies of Management and Organization, 28(3), 120-137.
Wallace, J. C., Arnold, T., Edwards, B. D., Frazier, M. L., & Finch, D. M. (2009). Work stressors, role-based performance, and the moderating influence of organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology. 94(1), 254-262.
Webster, J. R., Beehr, T. A., & Christiansen, N. D. (2010). Toward a better understanding of the effects of hindrance and challenge stressors on work behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(1), 68-77.
Wollack, S., Goodale, J. G., Wijying, J. P., & Smith, P. C. (1971). Development of the survey of work values. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55(4), 331-338.
Youssef, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2006). Time for positivity in the Middle East: Developing hopeful Egyptian organizational leaders. In W. Mobley & E. Weldon (Eds.), Advances in global leadership (pp. 283-297). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science.
Zytowski, D. G. (1970). The concept of work values. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 18, 176-186.