研究生: |
許心妤 Hsu, Hsin-Yu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
職場員工客觀測量身體活動、靜態行為與肥胖風險之研究 Association of objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior with risk of obesity among company employees |
指導教授: |
廖邕
Liao, Yung |
口試委員: |
張鳳琴
Chang, Fong-Ching 廖 邕 Liao, Yung 薛名淳 Hsueh, Ming-Chun |
口試日期: | 2022/01/20 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
健康促進與衛生教育學系健康促進與衛生教育碩士在職專班 Department of Health Promotion and Health Education_Continuing Education Master's Program of Health Promotion and Health Education |
論文出版年: | 2022 |
畢業學年度: | 110 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 99 |
中文關鍵詞: | 職場員工 、肥胖 、身體活動 、靜態行為 |
英文關鍵詞: | company employees, obesity, physical activity, sedentary behavior |
研究方法: | 橫斷性研究 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202200181 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:201 下載:42 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
世界衛生組織指出肥胖與其相關疾病是21世紀最嚴重的全球公共衛生挑戰之一。肥胖已被證實與國人十大死因中的心血管疾病、糖尿病、高血壓、肺部疾病等有相關。近年來,由於科技日新月異,工作型態的改變(以坐在辦公室為主) 以及娛樂活動的改變 (如看電視、打電動),職場員工的身體活動量減少及靜態行為增加,皆可能增加肥胖的風險。據此,本研究欲探討職場員工身體活動、靜態行為與肥胖之關聯性,以作為未來職場健康促進策略擬定之基石。本研究為橫斷性研究設計,於2020年8月至10月間以方便取樣方式進行取樣;本研究對象選取桃園市某生技公司員工為本研究調查之母群體,結合線上問卷及三軸加速規測量身體活動量與靜態行為,共有51筆有效樣本。資料分析利用SPSS 23.0進行平均數、標準差及邏輯斯迴歸分析。研究調查結果發現「連續30分鐘久坐時間3.5小時/天」與肥胖之關聯性達顯著正相關;「輕強度身體活動180分鐘/天」與肥胖之關聯性達顯著負相關;表示身體活動時間越多,靜態時間越少,肥胖風險越低,因此未來在職場健康促進策略,可著重於增加職場員工身體活動量,減少各項久坐時間及增加中斷久坐行為,以有效預防肥胖風險之發生。
The World Health Organization states that obesity and its related diseases are one of the most serious global public health challenges of the 21st century. Obesity is associated with higher risks of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and lung disease, which are the top ten causes of death in Taiwan. Recent years, due to the rapid development of technology, changes in work patterns (mainly sitting in the office) and changes in recreational activities (such as watching TV, playing video games), the decrease in physical activity and the increase in sedentary behaviors of workplace employees may increase obesity risks. Accordingly, this study intends to explore the relationship of workplace employees' physical activity and sedentary behavior with obesity risks, for designing future workplace health promotion strategies. This study was designed to be a cross-sectional study, and sampling was conducted by convenient sampling between August and October 2020. The subjects were recluded from a biotechnology company in Taoyuan City. Online demographic questionnaire were also employed and the three-axis accelerometer were used to measure physical activity and sedentary behavior. After data cleaning there were 51 valid samples in this study. Binary logistic regression was used for analysis. The findings of the study showed that "3.5 hours/day of sedentary time for 30 minutes" was significantly and positively correlated with obesity. "Light-intensity physical activity 180 minutes/day" are significantly negatively correlated with obesity, indicating that the more physical activity time, the less static time, and the lower the risk of obesity. Therefore, in the future, workplace health promotion strategies can focus on increasing the physical activity of workplace employees, reducing sedentary time and increasing interruption of sedentary behaviors, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of obesity.
參考文獻
一、中文文獻
王建楠, & 李璧伊. (2015). 缺乏身體活動之不良健康效應:系統性回顧及統合分析. 中華職業醫學雜誌(22巻1), 9-19.
古博文, 孫文榮, & 陳俐蓉. (2016). 老年人靜態行為問卷之發展. 大專體育學刊, 18(1), 41-55.
古博文, 陳俐蓉, & 許志宏. (2016). 老年靜態行為與認知老化之文獻回顧 體育學報, 49(S), 1-16.
古博文, 陳上迪, 鄭聖儒, & 陳俐蓉. (2019). 成人每日靜態行為時間上限之建議. 台灣公共衛生雜誌, 38(3), 228-235.
吳忠霖, & 黃長福. (2019). 使用穿戴式運動錶對國小學童身體活動量與體適能之影響 體育學報, 52(1), 55-69.
吳昀陞, 洪文綺, 何志鴻, 徐美玲, & 黃淑貞. (2013). 金融業員工身體活 動與相關因素研究 健康促進暨衛生教育雜誌(36), 23-40.
宋立勤, & 王志鴻. (2008). 代謝症候群中血脂異常的治療:實證醫學的 證據. 內科學誌, 19(4), 305-317.
林瑞興, & 方進隆. (2000). 增加身體活動量或運動訓練對肥胖者的效果探討. 大專體育(50), 31-37.
胡月娟. (1993). 社區民衆健康意識與健康行爲初探. 護理研究, 1(4), 309-315.
陳敏郎. (2019). 健康意識、健康生活型態與保健食品使用行為之認知與影響因素之研究-以台中市某地區民眾為例. 弘光學報(83), 91-107.
楊宜青, & 張智仁. (2007). 代謝症候群、肥胖和糖尿病. 台灣醫學, 11(4), 370-380.
薛名淳, 廖邕, 黃品瑄, & 張少熙. (2017). 高齡者久坐行為與健康之文獻回顧. 台灣公共衛生雜誌, 36(4), 337-349.
二、英文文獻
Ainsworth, B. E., Haskell, W. L., Whitt, M. C., Irwin, M. L., Swartz, A. M., Strath, S. J., O'Brien, W. L., Bassett, D. R., Jr., Schmitz, K. H., Emplaincourt, P. O., Jacobs, D. R., Jr., & Leon, A. S. (2000, Sep). Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32(9 Suppl), S498-504.
Awatef, M., Olfa, G., Rim, C., Asma, K., Kacem, M., Makram, H., Leila, B. F., Amel, L., & Slim, B. A. (2010, Jun 16). WITHDRAWN: Physical activity reduces the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Tunisian population. Cancer Epidemiol.
Azabagic, S., Spahic, R., Pranjic, N., & Mulic, M. (2016, Jun). EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. Mater Sociomed, 28(3), 164-167.
Bankoski, A., Harris, T. B., McClain, J. J., Brychta, R. J., Caserotti, P., Chen, K. Y., Berrigan, D., Troiano, R. P., & Koster, A. (2011, Feb). Sedentary activity associated with metabolic syndrome independent of physical activity. Diabetes care, 34(2), 497-503.
Barone Gibbs, B., Pettee Gabriel, K., Carnethon, M. R., Gary-Webb, T., Jakicic, J. M., Rana, J. S., Reis, J. P., Siddique, J., Sternfeld, B., & Lewis, C. E. (2017). Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Adiposity: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations in CARDIA. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(6), 764-771.
Bassi, N., Karagodin, I., Wang, S., Vassallo, P., Priyanath, A., Massaro, E., & Stone, N. J. (2014, 2014/12/01/). Lifestyle Modification for Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review. The American Journal of Medicine, 127(12), 1242.e1241-1242.e1210.
Bauman, A., Ainsworth, B. E., Sallis, J. F., Hagströmer, M., Craig, C. L., Bull, F. C., Pratt, M., Venugopal, K., Chau, J., & Sjöström, M. (2011, Aug). The descriptive epidemiology of sitting. A 20-country comparison using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Am J Prev Med, 41(2), 228-235.
Bell, C., Seals, D. R., Monroe, M. B., Day, D. S., Shapiro, L. F., Johnson, D. G., & Jones, P. P. (2001, Sep). Tonic sympathetic support of metabolic rate is attenuated with age, sedentary lifestyle, and female sex in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86(9), 4440-4444.
Bentley, T. G., Palta, M., Paulsen, A. J., Cherepanov, D., Dunham, N. C., Feeny, D., Kaplan, R. M., & Fryback, D. G. (2011, Jun). Race and gender associations between obesity and nine health-related quality-of-life measures. Qual Life Res, 20(5), 665-674.
Benítez-Porres, J., Alvero-Cruz, J. R., Sardinha, L. B., López-Fernández, I., & Carnero, E. A. (2016, Sep 20). Cut-off values for classifying active children and adolescentes using the Physical Activity Questionnaire: PAQ-C and PAQ-ACut-off values for classifying active children and adolescents using the Physical Activity Questionnaire: PAQ-C and PAQ-A. Nutr Hosp, 33(5), 564.
Blair, S. N. (2009, Jan). Physical inactivity: the biggest public health problem of the 21st century. Br J Sports Med, 43(1), 1-2.
Blair, S. N., & Brodney, S. (1999, Nov). Effects of physical inactivity and obesity on morbidity and mortality: current evidence and research issues. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31(11 Suppl), S646-662.
Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., & Laye, M. J. (2012). Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive Physiology, 2(2), 1143-1211.
Bray, G. A., Kim, K. K., Wilding, J. P. H., & on behalf of the World Obesity, F. (2017, 2017/07/01). Obesity: a chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation Obesity Reviews, 18(7), 715-723.
Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J. P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., DiPietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lambert, E., Leitzmann, M., Milton, K., Ortega, F. B., Ranasinghe, C., Stamatakis, E., Tiedemann, A., Troiano, R. P., van der Ploeg, H. P., Wari, V., & Willumsen, J. F. (2020, Dec). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med, 54(24), 1451-1462.
Carnethon, M. R., Loria, C. M., Hill, J. O., Sidney, S., Savage, P. J., & Liu, K. (2004, Nov). Risk factors for the metabolic syndrome: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, 1985-2001. Diabetes care, 27(11), 2707-2715.
Carter, S., Hartman, Y., Holder, S., Thijssen, D. H., & Hopkins, N. D. (2017, Apr). Sedentary Behavior and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Mediating Mechanisms. Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 45(2), 80-86.
Chang, A. K., & Sok, S. R. (2015, Dec). Predictors of Sedentary Behavior in Elderly Koreans With Hypertension. J Nurs Res, 23(4), 262-270.
Chastin, S. F., Mandrichenko, O., Helbostadt, J. L., & Skelton, D. A. (2014, Jul). Associations between objectively-measured sedentary behaviour and physical activity with bone mineral density in adults and older adults, the NHANES study. Bone, 64, 254-262.
Chipperfield, J. G. (2008). Everyday Physical Activity as a Predictor of Late-Life Mortality. The Gerontologist, 48(3), 349-357.
Choi, L., Liu, Z., Matthews, C. E., & Buchowski, M. S. (2011, Feb). Validation of accelerometer wear and nonwear time classification algorithm. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 43(2), 357-364.
Chooi, Y. C., Ding, C., & Magkos, F. (2019, Mar). The epidemiology of obesity. Metabolism, 92, 6-10.
Dahl-Petersen, I. K., Brage, S., Bjerregaard, P., Tolstrup, J. S., & Jørgensen, M. E. (2017, Oct). Physical Activity and Abdominal Fat Distribution in Greenland. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 49(10), 2064-2070.
Després, J. P., & Lemieux, I. (2006, Dec 14). Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature, 444(7121), 881-887.
Diaz, K. M., Howard, V. J., Hutto, B., Colabianchi, N., Vena, J. E., Safford, M. M., Blair, S. N., & Hooker, S. P. (2017, Oct 3). Patterns of Sedentary Behavior and Mortality in U.S. Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A National Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med, 167(7), 465-475.
Dunstan, D. W., Salmon, J., Owen, N., Armstrong, T., Zimmet, P. Z., Welborn, T. A., Cameron, A. J., Dwyer, T., Jolley, D., & Shaw, J. E. (2005, Nov). Associations of TV viewing and physical activity with the metabolic syndrome in Australian adults. Diabetologia, 48(11), 2254-2261.
Edwardson, C. L., Gorely, T., Davies, M. J., Gray, L. J., Khunti, K., Wilmot, E. G., Yates, T., & Biddle, S. J. (2012). Association of sedentary behaviour with metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis. PLoS One, 7(4), e34916.
Ekelund, U., Brage, S., Besson, H., Sharp, S., & Wareham, N. J. (2008). Time spent being sedentary and weight gain in healthy adults: reverse or bidirectional causality? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 88(3), 612-617.
Ekelund, U., Griffin, S. J., & Wareham, N. J. (2007, Feb). Physical activity and metabolic risk in individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 30(2), 337-342.
Ekelund, U., Steene-Johannessen, J., Brown, W. J., Fagerland, M. W., Owen, N., Powell, K. E., Bauman, A., & Lee, I. M. (2016, Sep 24). Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonised meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women. Lancet, 388(10051), 1302-1310.
Feeny, D., Garner, R., Bernier, J., Thompson, A., McFarland, B. H., Huguet, N., Kaplan, M. S., Ross, N. A., & Blanchard, C. M. (2014, Sep). Physical activity matters: associations among body mass index, physical activity, and health-related quality of life trajectories over 10 years. J Phys Act Health, 11(7), 1265-1275.
Freedson, P. S., Melanson, E., & Sirard, J. (1998, May). Calibration of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 30(5), 777-781.
Freedson, P. S., & Miller, K. (2000, Jun). Objective monitoring of physical activity using motion sensors and heart rate. Res Q Exerc Sport, 71(2 Suppl), S21-29.
Galassi, A., Reynolds, K., & He, J. (2006, Oct). Metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Am J Med, 119(10), 812-819.
Gardiner, P. A., Clark, B. K., Healy, G. N., Eakin, E. G., Winkler, E. A., & Owen, N. (2011, Nov). Measuring older adults' sedentary time: reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 43(11), 2127-2133.
Gathirua-Mwangi, W. G., Monahan, P. O., Murage, M. J., & Zhang, J. (2017, Feb). Metabolic syndrome and total cancer mortality in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cancer Causes Control, 28(2), 127-136.
Gierach, G. L., Chang, S. C., Brinton, L. A., Lacey, J. V., Jr., Hollenbeck, A. R., Schatzkin, A., & Leitzmann, M. F. (2009, May 1). Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and endometrial cancer risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Int J Cancer, 124(9), 2139-2147.
Grundy, S. M. (2008, Apr). Metabolic syndrome pandemic. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 28(4), 629-636.
Gupta, N., Hallman, D. M., Mathiassen, S. E., Aadahl, M., Jørgensen, M. B., & Holtermann, A. (2016, 2016/02/13). Are temporal patterns of sitting associated with obesity among blue-collar workers? A cross sectional study using accelerometers. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 148.
Hales, C. M., Fryar, C. D., Carroll, M. D., Freedman, D. S., & Ogden, C. L. (2018, Apr 24). Trends in Obesity and Severe Obesity Prevalence in US Youth and Adults by Sex and Age, 2007-2008 to 2015-2016. Jama, 319(16), 1723-1725.
Hamaguchi, M., Kojima, T., Takeda, N., Nakagawa, T., Taniguchi, H., Fujii, K., Omatsu, T., Nakajima, T., Sarui, H., Shimazaki, M., Kato, T., Okuda, J., & Ida, K. (2005, Nov 15). The metabolic syndrome as a predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Intern Med, 143(10), 722-728.
Healy, G. N., Wijndaele, K., Dunstan, D. W., Shaw, J. E., Salmon, J., Zimmet, P. Z., & Owen, N. (2008, Feb). Objectively measured sedentary time, physical activity, and metabolic risk: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Diabetes care, 31(2), 369-371.
Hruby, A., Manson, J. E., Qi, L., Malik, V. S., Rimm, E. B., Sun, Q., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2016, Sep). Determinants and Consequences of Obesity. Am J Public Health, 106(9), 1656-1662.
Hubbard, E. A., Motl, R. W., & Manns, P. J. (2015, Oct). The descriptive epidemiology of daily sitting time as a sedentary behavior in multiple sclerosis. Disabil Health J, 8(4), 594-601.
Humphreys, B. R., McLeod, L., & Ruseski, J. E. (2014, Jan). Physical activity and health outcomes: evidence from Canada. Health Econ, 23(1), 33-54.
Ip, M. S., Lam, B., Ng, M. M., Lam, W. K., Tsang, K. W., & Lam, K. S. (2002, Mar 1). Obstructive sleep apnea is independently associated with insulin resistance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 165(5), 670-676.
Jalongo, M. R. (1999, 1999/12/01). Matters of Size: Obesity as a Diversity Issue in the Field of Early Childhood. Early Childhood Education Journal, 27(2), 95-103.
Kim, D. D., & Basu, A. (2016, Jul-Aug). Estimating the Medical Care Costs of Obesity in the United States: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Empirical Analysis. Value Health, 19(5), 602-613.
Ku, P. W., Steptoe, A., Liao, Y., Hsueh, M. C., & Chen, L. J. (2018, May 25). A cut-off of daily sedentary time and all-cause mortality in adults: a meta-regression analysis involving more than 1 million participants. BMC Med, 16(1), 74.
Ku, P. W., Steptoe, A., Liao, Y., Hsueh, M. C., & Chen, L. J. (2019, Apr 25). A Threshold of Objectively-Assessed Daily Sedentary Time for All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults: A Meta-Regression of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Clin Med, 8(4).
Lavie, C. J., Ozemek, C., Carbone, S., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Blair, S. N. (2019, Mar). Sedentary Behavior, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Health. Circ Res, 124(5), 799-815.
Lee, I. M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2012, Jul 21). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet, 380(9838), 219-229.
Lee, Y. Y., Kamarudin, K. S., & Wan Muda, W. A. M. (2019, May 22). Associations between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity and overweight/obesity among adults in Kota Bharu and Penang, Malaysia. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 621.
Levine, J. A. (2014). The Chairman’s Curse: Lethal Sitting. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 89(8), 1030-1032.
Liao, Y., Harada, K., Shibata, A., Ishii, K., Oka, K., Nakamura, Y., Sugiyama, T., Inoue, S., & Shimomitsu, T. (2011, 2011/11/30). Joint associations of physical activity and screen time with overweight among japanese adults. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(1), 131.
Lindström, J., Louheranta, A., Mannelin, M., Rastas, M., Salminen, V., Eriksson, J., Uusitupa, M., & Tuomilehto, J. (2003, Dec). The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS): Lifestyle intervention and 3-year results on diet and physical activity. Diabetes care, 26(12), 3230-3236.
Lynch, B., Cerin, E., Owen, N., Hawkes, A., & Aitken, J. (2011, 06/09). Television viewing time of colorectal cancer survivors is associated prospectively with quality of life. Cancer causes & control : CCC, 22, 1111-1120.
Lynch, B. M., Dunstan, D. W., Healy, G. N., Winkler, E., Eakin, E., & Owen, N. (2010, Feb). Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time of breast cancer survivors, and associations with adiposity: findings from NHANES (2003-2006). Cancer Causes Control, 21(2), 283-288.
Moore, J. X., Chaudhary, N., & Akinyemiju, T. (2017, Mar 16). Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence by Race/Ethnicity and Sex in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-2012. Prev Chronic Dis, 14, E24.
Mun, J., Kim, Y., Farnsworth, J. L., Suh, S., & Kang, M. (2018, Mar). Association between objectively measured sedentary behavior and a criterion measure of obesity among adults. Am J Hum Biol, 30(2).
Myong, J.-P., Kim, H.-R., Jung-Choi, K., Baker, D., & Choi, B. (2012). Disparities of Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence by Age, Gender and Occupation among Korean Adult Workers. Industrial Health, 50(2), 115-122.
Oh, K., Kim, Y., Kweon, S., Kim, S., Yun, S., Park, S., Lee, Y.-K., Kim, Y., Park, O., & Jeong, E. K. (2021). Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 20th anniversary: accomplishments and future directions. Epidemiology and health, 43, e2021025-e2021025.
Onambele-Pearson, G., Wullems, J., Doody, C., Ryan, D., Morse, C., & Degens, H. (2019). Influence of Habitual Physical Behavior - Sleeping, Sedentarism, Physical Activity - On Bone Health in Community-Dwelling Older People. Front Physiol, 10, 408.
Owen, N., Sugiyama, T., Eakin, E. E., Gardiner, P. A., Tremblay, M. S., & Sallis, J. F. (2011, 2011/08/01/). Adults' Sedentary Behavior: Determinants and Interventions. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 41(2), 189-196.
Park, J. H., Moon, J. H., Kim, H. J., Kong, M. H., & Oh, Y. H. (2020). Sedentary Lifestyle: Overview of Updated Evidence of Potential Health Risks. Korean journal of family medicine, 41(6), 365-373.
Park, Y. W., Zhu, S., Palaniappan, L., Heshka, S., Carnethon, M. R., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2003, Feb 24). The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Intern Med, 163(4), 427-436.
Parsons, T. J., Manor, O., & Power, C. (2008, 2008/12/01). Television viewing and obesity: a prospective study in the 1958 British birth cohort. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62(12), 1355-1363.
Pate, R. R., Pratt, M., Blair, S. N., Haskell, W. L., Macera, C. A., Bouchard, C., Buchner, D., Ettinger, W., Heath, G. W., King, A. C., & et al. (1995, Feb 1). Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. Jama, 273(5), 402-407.
Patterson, R., McNamara, E., Tainio, M., de Sá, T. H., Smith, A. D., Sharp, S. J., Edwards, P., Woodcock, J., Brage, S., & Wijndaele, K. (2018, 2018/09/01). Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. European Journal of Epidemiology, 33(9), 811-829.
Philipsen, A., Hansen, A. L., Jørgensen, M. E., Brage, S., Carstensen, B., Sandbaek, A., Almdal, T. P., Gram, J., Pedersen, E. B., Lauritzen, T., & Witte, D. R. (2015, May). Associations of objectively measured physical activity and abdominal fat distribution. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 47(5), 983-989.
Physical activity and cardiovascular health. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health. (1996, Jul 17). Jama, 276(3), 241-246.
Pinto Pereira, S. M., & Power, C. (2013). Sedentary behaviours in mid-adulthood and subsequent body mass index. PLoS One, 8(6), e65791-e65791.
Pratt, M., Norris, J., Lobelo, F., Roux, L., & Wang, G. (2014, Feb). The cost of physical inactivity: moving into the 21st century. Br J Sports Med, 48(3), 171-173.
Pulsford, R. M., Stamatakis, E., Britton, A. R., Brunner, E. J., & Hillsdon, M. M. (2013, 2013/02//). Sitting behavior and obesity: evidence from the Whitehall II study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 44(2), 132-138.
Reddigan, J. I., Ardern, C. I., Riddell, M. C., & Kuk, J. L. (2011, Nov 15). Relation of physical activity to cardiovascular disease mortality and the influence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Am J Cardiol, 108(10), 1426-1431.
Reiner, M., Niermann, C., Jekauc, D., & Woll, A. (2013, Sep 8). Long-term health benefits of physical activity--a systematic review of longitudinal studies. BMC Public Health, 13, 813.
Rezende, L. F. M., Sá, T. H., Mielke, G. I., Viscondi, J. Y. K., Rey-López, J. P., & Garcia, L. M. T. (2016, Aug). All-Cause Mortality Attributable to Sitting Time: Analysis of 54 Countries Worldwide. Am J Prev Med, 51(2), 253-263.
Rosenberg, D. E., Norman, G. J., Wagner, N., Patrick, K., Calfas, K. J., & Sallis, J. F. (2010, Nov). Reliability and validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) for adults. J Phys Act Health, 7(6), 697-705.
Schmitt, N. M., Schmitt, J., & Dören, M. (2009, May 20). The role of physical activity in the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women-An update. Maturitas, 63(1), 34-38.
Schoenborn, C. A., & Stommel, M. (2011, May). Adherence to the 2008 adult physical activity guidelines and mortality risk. Am J Prev Med, 40(5), 514-521.
Scuteri, A., Laurent, S., Cucca, F., Cockcroft, J., Cunha, P. G., Mañas, L. R., Mattace Raso, F. U., Muiesan, M. L., Ryliškytė, L., Rietzschel, E., Strait, J., Vlachopoulos, C., Völzke, H., Lakatta, E. G., & Nilsson, P. M. (2015, Apr). Metabolic syndrome across Europe: different clusters of risk factors. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 22(4), 486-491.
Sánchez-Chaparro, M.-A., Calvo-Bonacho, E., González-Quintela, A., Fernández-Labandera, C., Cabrera, M., Sáinz, J.-C., Fernández-Meseguer, A., Banegas, J. R., Ruilope, L.-M., Valdivielso, P., Román-García, J., & Ibermutuamur Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Study, G. (2008). Occupation-related differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes care, 31(9), 1884-1885.
Staiano, A. E., Martin, C. K., Champagne, C. M., Rood, J. C., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2018, Nov 1). Sedentary time, physical activity, and adiposity in a longitudinal cohort of nonobese young adults. Am J Clin Nutr, 108(5), 946-952.
Stamatakis, E., Ekelund, U., Ding, D., Hamer, M., Bauman, A. E., & Lee, I. M. (2019, Mar). Is the time right for quantitative public health guidelines on sitting? A narrative review of sedentary behaviour research paradigms and findings. Br J Sports Med, 53(6), 377-382.
Suliga, E., Cieśla, E., Rębak, D., Kozieł, D., & Głuszek, S. (2018, Oct 26). Relationship Between Sitting Time, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults Depending on Body Mass Index (BMI). Med Sci Monit, 24, 7633-7645.
Taylor, R. W., Keil, D., Gold, E. J., Williams, S. M., & Goulding, A. (1998, Jan). Body mass index, waist girth, and waist-to-hip ratio as indexes of total and regional adiposity in women: evaluation using receiver operating characteristic curves. Am J Clin Nutr, 67(1), 44-49.
Thorp, A. A., Owen, N., Neuhaus, M., & Dunstan, D. W. (2011, Aug). Sedentary behaviors and subsequent health outcomes in adults a systematic review of longitudinal studies, 1996-2011. Am J Prev Med, 41(2), 207-215.
Torpy, J. M., Lynm, C., & Glass, R. M. (2006, Feb 15). JAMA patient page. The metabolic syndrome. Jama, 295(7), 850.
Tremblay, M. S., Aubert, S., Barnes, J. D., Saunders, T. J., Carson, V., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., Chastin, S. F. M., Altenburg, T. M., Chinapaw, M. J. M., Altenburg, T. M., Aminian, S., Arundell, L., Atkin, A. J., Aubert, S., Barnes, J., Barone Gibbs, B., Bassett-Gunter, R., Belanger, K., Biddle, S., Biswas, A., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Chastin, S., Chau, J., ChinApaw, M., Colley, R., Coppinger, T., Craven, C., Cristi-Montero, C., de Assis Teles Santos, D., del Pozo Cruz, B., del Pozo-Cruz, J., Dempsey, P., do Carmo Santos Gonçalves, R. F., Ekelund, U., Ellingson, L., Ezeugwu, V., Fitzsimons, C., Florez-Pregonero, A., Friel, C. P., Fröberg, A., Giangregorio, L., Godin, L., Gunnell, K., Halloway, S., Hinkley, T., Hnatiuk, J., Husu, P., Kadir, M., Karagounis, L. G., Koster, A., Lakerveld, J., Lamb, M., Larouche, R., Latimer-Cheung, A., LeBlanc, A. G., Lee, E.-Y., Lee, P., Lopes, L., Manns, T., Manyanga, T., Martin Ginis, K., McVeigh, J., Meneguci, J., Moreira, C., Murtagh, E., Patterson, F., Rodrigues Pereira da Silva, D., Pesola, A. J., Peterson, N., Pettitt, C., Pilutti, L., Pinto Pereira, S., Poitras, V., Prince, S., Rathod, A., Rivière, F., Rosenkranz, S., Routhier, F., Santos, R., Saunders, T., Smith, B., Theou, O., Tomasone, J., Tremblay, M., Tucker, P., Umstattd Meyer, R., van der Ploeg, H., Villalobos, T., Viren, T., Wallmann-Sperlich, B., Wijndaele, K., Wondergem, R., & on behalf of, S. T. C. P. P. (2017, 2017/06/10). Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) – Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 75.
Troiano, R. P., Berrigan, D., Dodd, K. W., Mâsse, L. C., Tilert, T., & McDowell, M. (2008, Jan). Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 40(1), 181-188.
Trost, S. G., Blair, S. N., & Khan, K. M. (2014, Feb). Physical inactivity remains the greatest public health problem of the 21st century: evidence, improved methods and solutions using the '7 investments that work' as a framework. Br J Sports Med, 48(3), 169-170.
Tudor-Locke, C., Bell, R. C., Myers, A. M., Harris, S. B., Ecclestone, N. A., Lauzon, N., & Rodger, N. W. (2004, Jan). Controlled outcome evaluation of the First Step Program: a daily physical activity intervention for individuals with type II diabetes. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28(1), 113-119.
Tune, J. D., Goodwill, A. G., Sassoon, D. J., & Mather, K. J. (2017, May). Cardiovascular consequences of metabolic syndrome. Transl Res, 183, 57-70.
van Uffelen, J. G., Watson, M. J., Dobson, A. J., & Brown, W. J. (2010, Sep). Sitting time is associated with weight, but not with weight gain in mid-aged Australian women. Obesity (Silver Spring), 18(9), 1788-1794.
Visser, M., & Koster, A. (2013, Jul 30). Development of a questionnaire to assess sedentary time in older persons--a comparative study using accelerometry. BMC Geriatr, 13, 80.
Wagner, A., Dallongeville, J., Haas, B., Ruidavets, J. B., Amouyel, P., Ferrières, J., Simon, C., & Arveiler, D. (2012, Nov). Sedentary behaviour, physical activity and dietary patterns are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab, 38(5), 428-435.
Wanner, M., Richard, A., Martin, B., Faeh, D., & Rohrmann, S. (2017, Jan). Associations between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behavior and overweight/obesity in NHANES 2003-2006. Int J Obes (Lond), 41(1), 186-193.
Wiklund, P. (2016, Jun). The role of physical activity and exercise in obesity and weight management: Time for critical appraisal. J Sport Health Sci, 5(2), 151-154.
Winters, V. A. N. E. E., JHPM, V. D. V., Boone, S. C., Westgate, K., Brage, S., Lamb, H. J., Rosendaal, F. R., & R, D. E. M. (2021, Nov 1). Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Body Fatness: Associations with Total Body Fat, Visceral Fat, and Liver Fat. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 53(11), 2309-2317.
Wirth, A., Wabitsch, M., & Hauner, H. (2014, Oct 17). The prevention and treatment of obesity. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 111(42), 705-713.
Wolin, K. Y., Yan, Y., Colditz, G. A., & Lee, I. M. (2009, Feb 24). Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer, 100(4), 611-616.
Yang, L., Cao, C., Kantor, E. D., Nguyen, L. H., Zheng, X., Park, Y., Giovannucci, E. L., Matthews, C. E., Colditz, G. A., & Cao, Y. (2019, Apr 23). Trends in Sedentary Behavior Among the US Population, 2001-2016. Jama, 321(16), 1587-1597.
Zhang, L., Zuo, L., Wang, F., Wang, M., Wang, S., Liu, L., & Wang, H. (2007, Jul). Metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in a Chinese population aged 40 years and older. Mayo Clin Proc, 82(7), 822-827.
Zhang, Y., Yang, J., Hou, W., & Arcan, C. (2021, Jan). Obesity Trends and Associations with Types of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring), 29(1), 240-250.
Zhang, Y., Yang, J., Hou, W., & Arcan, C. (2021, 2021/01/01). Obesity Trends and Associations with Types of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2016 Obesity, 29(1), 240-250.