論文摘要
湯婷婷與佟妮˙莫里森是兩位美國當代著名的種族女性作家。不同於主流作家遵循著約定成俗的白人意識型態體系，她們是從少數民族的觀點來寫這兩本作品—"女戰士"及"摯愛"。這兩件文本旨在將華人與非人在美國所受的不平與奴役公諸於世，同時也藉此顛覆白人對於華人及非人所建構的扭曲負面形象。兩件文本並置閱讀旨在探討湯婷婷與莫里森對解構白人意識型態及重建隸屬階級身份認同所做的努力。
本論文分為五個章節。第一章說明整個論文的理論架構。我採用霍爾的「新種族族群」理論、巴巴的「文化揉雜」主張、及巴赫汀的「眾聲喧嘩」來支持我的論點。藉著打破白人的單一獨斷想法—華人及非人在本質上就居於劣勢，湯婷婷和莫里森讓中國與非洲的固有文化與美國主流文化相互交流，且讓彼此的聲音相互回應。
第二章探討種族主義在華裔美人與非裔美人身上被謬用的情形。在殖民統治之下這兩個民族紛紛被貶抑身份。為了完全剝奪少數民族的聲音和力量，白人企圖用格蘭西所謂的"文化霸權"來將華裔美人收編。對於非裔美人，白人卻剝奪其受教的權利，令他們對自己的文化歷史一無所知。
第三章針對華裔女性及非裔女性所受的身心攻訐作探討。在種族主義與性別主義的雙重箝制之下，少數民族女性遭到父權的厭惡排擠和帝國的霸權控制。然而，由於這兩件文本意在顛覆父權與種族上的窠臼想法，兩位作者賦與其女性角色更多的力量與智慧，並在其男女人物之間巧妙地締造了角色的逆轉。此外，對華裔女性及非裔女性的剝削也影響了她們的母女關係。這也是本章所要討論的另一議題。
第四章記載少數民族從無聲轉為有聲的心路歷程。湯婷婷視寫作為一把文字鑄成的「劍」，並以它來為自己及其他華裔美國女性的獨立自我奮鬥。莫里森則透過再度審視的文本帶領著書中人物來"重組"("再記憶")他們傷痛及被抹滅的過去。經由"再記憶"的過程，原有的歷史可重新取回，新的文化屬性亦得以重新建立。
第五章重述本論文的主旨，並再度肯定湯婷婷及莫里森於再現其種族族群的身份認同及賦與他們自我肯定及民族意識的決心與貢獻。

Abstract
Maxine Hong Kingston and Toni Morrison are two prominent contemporary American ethnic female writers. Unlike the mainstream writers who follow the conventional white ideological framework, they compose their works, The Woman Warrior and Beloved from the perspective of racial minorities. The two texts aim to make public the injustice and enslavement Chinese and Africans have suffered in the U.S. and to subvert the distorted negative stereotypes of Chinese and Africans which have been constructed by the white Europeans. My juxtaposed reading focuses on Kingston's and Morrison's efforts to deconstruct the white ideologies first and then to reconstruct the subaltern identities.
This thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter One provides a theoretical framework for the thesis, where I refer to Stuart Hall's rationale on "new ethnicities," Homi K. Bhabha's assertion on "cultural hybridity," and M. M. Bakhtin's theory on "heteroglossia" to support my arguments. By breaking the white unitarianism that Chinese and Africans are essentially inferior, Kingston and Morrison try to equate their racial peoples with Americans, creating an interaction between the indigenous and mainstream cultures, making their voices echo with each other.
Chapter Two explores the racial appropriation of Chinese Americans and African Americans. The two races are denigrated under the colonial dominance. In order to totally deprive the racial minorities of their voices and powers, the whites make them (Chinese Americans) assimilated by way of Gramsci's "cultural hegemony" or make them (Afro-Americans) unlearned, ignorant of their own culture and history.
Chapter Three centers on the physical and psychological assault on Chinese American women and African American women. Genderized and racialized, women of racial minorities suffer from patriarchal misogyny and imperial hegemony. However, since the two texts aim to subvert the patriarchal and racial stereotypes, Kingston and Morrison create a "power reversion" between their male and female characters by offering the females more strength and resourcefulness. Moreover, the exploitation on Chinese and African American women also influences their mother/daughter relationship, which is another concern in this chapter.
Chapter Four records the processes for the racial minorities to evolve from silence to eloquence. Kingston takes writing as a "sword" welded by words and fights for an autonomous selfhood of herself and the other Chinese American women. Morrison's revisionary text leads the characters to "re-member" their traumatic and erased past. Through rememory, the aboriginal history can be retrieved and their new cultural identities can be reconstructed.
Chapter Five recapitulates the main ideas of this thesis and reaffirms Kingston's and Morrison's determination and contributions to representing the identities of their racial groups and offering them self-affirmation and national consciousness.

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