研究生: |
王如音 WANG, JU-YIN |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
不同程度華裔學生之閱讀策略研究 A Study on Reading Stratagies for Heritage Chinese Learners in Different Levels |
指導教授: |
信世昌
Hsin, Shih-Chang |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
華語文教學系 Department of Chinese as a Second Language |
論文出版年: | 2008 |
畢業學年度: | 96 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 142 |
中文關鍵詞: | 閱讀策略 、不同程度 、華裔學生 、有聲思考 、華語文教學 |
英文關鍵詞: | Reading Strategy, Different Level, Heritage Chinese Learner, Think Aloud, Teaching Chinese as a Second Language |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:603 下載:65 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本論文的目的在於研究華裔學生閱讀中文文章時所採用的閱讀策略。探討不同程度的華裔學生使用了哪些閱讀策略?使用上有無異同?以及有無特殊的閱讀策略等議題。本研究以跨語言的一般性閱讀策略,和針對中文的華語文閱讀策略作為理論架構,對以英語為背景的大學程度華裔學生進行閱讀研究。
本研究的研究對象共有二十位,按閱讀程度分為高級組和中級組各十位。本項研究利用有聲思考的方式蒐集讀者在閱讀的心理過程中,使用閱讀策略的資料,策略資料按照Young(1993)所提出的一般性閱讀策略,和信世昌(2001)的華語文閱讀策略加以分析。結果發現:
一、隨著語言程度的提高,全面性策略的使用頻率跟著上升,而局部性策略的使用頻率則跟著下降
二、程度越高,調控支配閱讀策略的能力的確越好
三、漢字量可能是華裔學生閱讀程度進步的關鍵因素,而非上下文的篇章關係
四、除了現有的閱讀策略以外,華裔學生實際上還使用了「漢字輪廓」、「漢字代換」、「詞彙群組」、「口語協助」四種閱讀策略
透過調查出不同程度的華裔學生在閱讀中文時,使用的各種閱讀策略,本論文期待得出的研究結果能在華語文閱讀研究和教學方面,作為日後針對華裔學生為研究或教學對象的相關領域的敲磚石。
The purpose of the study presented here is to see when it comes to heritage Chinese learners(CHL), what reading strategies they use when reading an article in Chinese. What kinds of strategies were used by learners in different levels? Are there any differences? Is there any strategies weren’t noticed before? The theoretical foundation of this study is the general reading strategy brought by Young(1993)and the Chinese reading strategy developed by Xin(2001).
20 CHLs are involved in this study. Their native language is English and they are divided into advanced and intermediate groups by their reading skill. Each group has 10 members. The data is collected by think-aloud, surveying the strategies used throughout the reading process of each reader. The result found are:
I. With the raise of the language level, the frequency of using global strategies rises while local strategies falls.
II. The higher the level, the greater the ability is to adjust the usage of strategies.
III. The anount of character known is crucial to CHL rather than the context.
IV. “Character Contour”, “Character substitue”, “Word Cluster”, and “Oral Assistance” are used beside the categorised strategies.
Through the results of this study, it is my hope that it can be the stepping-stone to the door of the study on reading strategy for heritage Chinese learners, and be of some help for the regarded fields.
(一)中文類
王文科 (1990)。《質的教育研究法》。台北:師大書苑。
林秀蕙 (2005)。網路報刊閱讀測驗及其課程設計: AP中文的暖身練習之一。《第四屆全球華文網路教育研討會會議論文集》。頁549-559。台北市:國立臺灣師範大學。
杜雯華 (2000)。《美籍學生中文閱讀過程的策略研究》。台北市:國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文。
信世昌 (2001)。 《華語文閱讀策略之教程發展與研究》。台北市:師大書苑。
紀鳳鳴 (1997)。 探討並比較良好與不良好高中閱讀者的閱讀過程。《第十五屆中華民國英語文教學研討會論文集》。頁19-33。台北市:國立臺灣師範大學。
黃光雄(主譯)(2001)。《質性教育研究:理論與方法》。嘉義市:濤石文化。
葉德明、陳純音 (1998)。《外籍學生中文閱讀策略之研究(II)》。國科會研究計畫。
蔣為文 (2006)。從漢字文化共同體到民族國家:越南和台灣之比較研究。《台灣的東南亞區域研究年度研討會論文集》。台南:成功大學。
姚道中等 (1997)。《中文聽說讀寫I、II》。美國:劍橋出版社。
劉珣 (2006)。《新實用漢語課本》。北京:語言文化大學。
王方宇 (1969)。《畫上的美人》。美國:耶魯大學
林秀蕙 (2006)。《中國水墨畫大師齊白石的一生:中級漢語讀本》。台北市:文鶴出版有限公司。
張系國 (1978)。《棋王》。台北市:洪範書店出版公司。
羅青哲 (2007)。《初級閱讀》。台北市:國立台灣師範大學國語教學中心教材研發組。
羅青哲 (2007)。《中級閱讀》。台北市:國立台灣師範大學國語教學中心教材研發組。
《現代漢語辭典》(第五版)(2005)。中國社會科學院語言研究所辭典編輯室:商務印書館。
(二)英文類
Armbruster, B. B. (1986). Schema theory and the design of content-area textbook. Educational Psychologist. 21, 253-267
Anderson, N. (1989). “Reading Comprehension Versus Academic Reading: What are Second Language Readers doing?” Ph. D Dissertation. The University of Texus, Austin.
Barnard, Roger, Harley Brookes, Graziella Pozzo & Tom Rowe. (1980). Reading Strategies. Reading in a Foreign Language. Ed. Giuseppina Cortese. Milan: Franco Angeli.
Barnett, M.A. (1988). Teaching Reading Strategies: How Methodology Affects Language Course Articulation. Foreign Language Annuals. 21, 109-119.
Bernhardt, E. B. (1991). Reading Development in a Second Language: Theoretical, Empirical, and Classroom Perspectives. N.J.: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
Block, E. (1986). The Comprehension Strategies of Second Language Readers. TESOL Quarterly. 20,463-494.
Bobrow, D. G. and Norman, D. A. (1975). Some principles of memory schemata. In Bobrow, D. G. & Collins, A. M. (Eds.), Representation and understanding: Studies in cognitive science. New York: Academic Press.
Brown, A. L. (1980). Metacognitive development and reading. In R.J. Spiro, B.C. Bruce, & W.F. Brewer (Eds.), Theoretical Issues in Reading Comprehension (p.431-481). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Chang, C. (2006). See How They Read: An Investigation into the Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies of Nonnative Readers of Chinese. CLTA Monograph Series #4.
Carrell, Patricia. (1989). Metacognitive Awareness and Second Language Reading. The Modern Language Journal. 73:121-134.
Chen, Yea-Fen. (1995). Language learning strategies used by beginning students of Chinese in a semi-immersion setting. Unpublished dissertation. Indiana University, USA.
Chi, F.M. (1992). Reading as connections: A case study of Taiwanese readers’ responses to two English short stories. Unpublished dissertation. Indiana University, USA.
Christensen, M., & Wu, X. (1993). An individualized approach for teaching false beginners. Journal of Chinese Language Teachers Association. 27:2, 91-100.
Everson M. E. & Ke, C. (1997). An Inquiry into the Reading Strategy of Intermediate and Advanced Learners of Chinese as a Foreign Language. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association. 32:1,1-20.
Goodman, K. (1970). Psycholinguistic Universals in the Reading Process. In F. Smith (Ed.), Psycholinguistics and reading. 21-27. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Gough, P. B. (1972).One second of reading. In: Kavanagh, J.F. & Mattingly, I.G.(orgs). Language by ear and by eye. Cambridge: MIT Press. 353-378.
Hayes, J.R. (1989). The Complete problem solver. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Hare, V.C., & Pulliam, C.A. (1980). College students’ metacognitive awareness of reading behavior. In M.L. Kamil & A.J. Moe (Eds.), Perspectives on Reading research and instruction. Twenty-ninth yearbook of the National Reading Conference (pp.226-231). Washington, DC: National Reading Conference.
Ke, C. (1998). Effects of language background on the learning of Chinese characters among foreign languages students. Foreign Language Annuals. 31:1, 91-100.
Kletzien, B, Sharon. (1991). Strategy Use by Good and Poor Comprehenders Reading Expository Text for Differing Levels. Reading Research Quarterly. 26:67-86.
Keith Rayner, Alexander Pollatsek. (1989). The Psychology of Reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Koda, K. (2002). Writing systems and learning to read in a second language. In W. Li, J. S. Gaffney, and J. L. Packard (Eds.), Chinese Children’s Reading Acquisition: Theoretical and Pedagogical Issues. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Meyer, Bonnie J.F. (1985). Prose Analysis: Purposes, Procedures, and Problems. In B. K. Black, eds. Understanding expository text: A theoretical and Practical Handbook for Analyzing Explanatory Text. 11-64. Hillsdale. NJ: Erlbaum Publishers.
Newell, A., & Simon, J.A. (1972). Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
O’Malley, J. M., Chamot, A. U. (1990). Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition. N.Y.:Cambridge University Press.
Oxford, R.L. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston: Heinle & Heinle Publishers.
Pavlidis, Mara. (1992). Reading strategies of second-language learners of Chinese. Melbourne Papers in Applied Linguistics. 4, 22-56.
Pritchard, R. (1990). The Effect of Cultural Schemata on Reading Processing Strategies. Reading Research Quarterly. 25:273-295.
P.D. Pearson, R. Barr, & P. Mosenthal (Eds.). (1984). Handbook of Reading Research. N.Y.: Longman.
Rumelhart, D.E. (1977). Toward an interactive model of reading. In S. Doric (Ed.). Attention and performance V I. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Rumelhart, D.E. & Ortony, A. (1977). The representation of knowledge in memory. In R.C. Anderson, R. J. Spiro & W.E. Montague (Eds.), Schooling and the acquisition of knowledge. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Rumelhart, D.E. (1980). Schemata: The Building Blocks of Cognition. In R. J. Spiro, B. C. Bruce, & W. F. Brewer (Eds.). Theoretical Issues in Reading Comprehension. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Shen, H. H. (2003). A comparison of written Chinese achievement among heritage learners in homogeneous and heterogeneous groups. Foreign Language Annuals, 36:2, 258-266.
Smith, H.K. (1967). The responses of good and poor readers when asked to reader for different purposes. Reading Research Quarterly. 3, 53-83.
Sullivan, J. (1978). Comparing strategies of good and poor comprehenders. Journal of Reading. 21710-715.
Wang, X. Y. (1997). Forging a link: Chinese heritage community language schools and the formal education system. In X. Wang (Ed.), A View from within: A case study of Chinese heritage community language schools in the United States (pp. 77-89). Washington, DC: National Foreign Language Center.
Xiao, Y. (2006). Heritage Learners in the Chinese Language Classroom: Home Background. Heritage Language Journal. 4:1, 47-55.
Young. D.J. (1993). Processing Strategies of Foreign Language Readers: Authentic and Edited Input. Foreign Language Annuals. 26:4, 451-468.
(三)網路資源
中華民國僑務委員會。http://www.ocac.gov.tw/ 瀏覽日期:2008/06
全美中文學校聯合總會。http://www.ncacls.org/ 瀏覽日期:2008/01
全美中小學中文教師協會。http://www.classk12.org/ 瀏覽日期:2008/01
中國漢語水平考試。http://www.hsk.org.cn/ 瀏覽日期:2007/ 09
華語文能力測驗。http://www.sc-top.org.tw/ 瀏覽日期:2007/09
謝天蔚(2004)。美國大學中文教學與中學銜接問題。http://csulb.edu/~txie/papers
University of California. http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/campuses/welcome.html 瀏覽日期:2008/04
Heritage Language Journal. http://www.heritagelanguages.org/ 瀏覽日期:2008/03