貝多芬的作品無疑已成為西方古典音樂文學中的重要遺產。貝多芬將他的作品帶 到了最大的極致，他沒有放棄任何傳統程序，而是不斷地將最簡單和基本的元素融入 他的音樂創作中。此外，貝多芬的作曲風格深受他個人敘事和周圍環境的影響，這導 致他的音樂作品具有個性化和情境特定性。這些特質可以從他的早期作品中看到，如 《第一號鋼琴奏鳴曲，Op. 2 No. 1》與《第五號鋼琴奏鳴曲，Op. 10 No. 1》。

本論文旨在透過對樂曲風格和結構的深入研究，提供對兩首鋼琴奏鳴曲的全面分 析和詮釋。第一章介紹貝多芬及其鋼琴奏鳴曲，詳細說明他的個人和職業生涯，以及 他 32 首鋼琴奏鳴曲的概述。第二章則聚焦於貝多芬早期的鋼琴奏鳴曲，討論當時的文 化和社會狀況、他早期鋼琴奏鳴曲的風格特徵，以及第一號與第五號鋼琴奏鳴曲的歷 史背景。最後一章從結構分析和詮釋的角度，提供了對兩首鋼琴奏鳴曲的分析。

The works of Ludwig van Beethoven have undoubtedly lived as significant heritage in the Western classical music literature. Beethoven brought his works to the greatest immensity where he did not abandon any traditional procedures, but he was constantly capable to embody the simplest and basic elements to write his music. Furthermore, Beethoven's compositional style was deeply influenced by his personal narrative and surroundings, resulting in a musical output that is poured with a sense of individuality and contextual specificity. These qualities are evident starting from his early works, such as Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 2 No. 1 and Piano Sonata No. 5, Op. 10 No. 1.

The purpose of this thesis to provide a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of both sonatas by closely examining the musical style and structure. The first part introduces Beethoven and his piano sonatas, elaborating on his personal and professional life, as well as an overview of his 32 piano sonatas. The second part focuses on Beethoven's early piano sonatas with the discussion of cultural and social conditions at the time, the stylistic characteristics of his early piano sonatas, and historical background of Piano Sonatas No. 1 and No. 5. In the final part, both sonatas are analyzed through the perspective of structural analysis and interpretation.

Books:
Drabkin, William. "Early Beethoven." Eighteenth-Century Keyboard Music (New York: Routledge, 2003), 394.
Gillespie, John. "Beethoven." Five Centuries of Keyboard Music (New York, United States of America: Dover Publications, Inc., 1972), 182.
Gordon, Stewart. The History of Keyboard Literature: Music for the Piano and Its Forerunners (New York: Schirmer Books, 1996), 142.
Grout, Donald Jay. A History of Western Music (W.W. Norton & Company: 1960, 10th ed.), 573.
Sisman, Elaine. "'The Spirit of Mozart from Haydn's Hands': Beethoven's Musical Inheritance." in Beethoven (Cambridge University Press, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL9780521580748.005 (accessed March 21, 2023).

Journals:
Berry, Wallace. "Rhythmic Accelerations in Beethoven." Journal of Music Theory Vol. 22 No. 2 (1978): 178. https://doi.org/10.2307/843396 (accessed March 25, 2023).
Chua, Daniel K.L. "Beethoven's Other Humanism." Journal of the American Musicology Society Vol. 62 No. 3 (2009): 572. https://doi.org/10.1525/jams.2009.62.3.571 (accessed March 20, 2023).
Churgin, Bathia. "Beethoven and the New Development - Theme in Sonata-Form Movements." The Journal of Musicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (1998): 323. https://doi.org/10.2307/763994 (accessed March 23, 2023).
Cooper, Barry. "Beethoven's Uses of Silence." The Musical Times Vol. 152 No. 1914 (2011): 25. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23039954 (accessed April 13, 2022).
Graf, Max and Arthur Mendel. "The Death of a Music City (Vienna: 1600-1938)." The Music Quarterly Vol. 26 No. 1 (January 1940): 9. https://www.jstor.org/stable/738997 (accessed March 26. 2023).
Hess, Albert G. "The Transition from Harpsichord to Piano." The Galpin Society Journal Vol. 6 (1953): 75. https://doi.org/10.2307/841719 (accessed March 26. 2023).
Hughes, Charles. "Music of the French Revolution." Science & Society Vol. 4 No. 2 (1940): 193. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40399324 (accessed March 20, 2023).
Kenneth, Mobbs and Latcham Michael. "Beethoven's Broadwood." Early Music Vol. 20 No. 3 (August 1992): 527. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3127739 (accessed March 11, 2023).
Lang, Paul Henry. "The Enlightenment and Music." Eighteenth-Century Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (1967): 96. https://doi.org/10.2307/3031668 (accessed March 20, 2023).
Luoma, Robert G. "The Function of Dynamics in the Music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven: Some Implications for the Performer." College Music Symposium Vol. 16 (1976): 33. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40373374 (accessed April 12, 2023).
Mann, Alfred. "Beethoven's Contrapuntal Studies with Haydn." The Music Quarterly Vol. 56 (October 1970): 711. https://www.jstor.org/stable/740934 (accessed March 10, 2023).
Newman, William S. "Beethoven's Piano versus His Piano Ideals." Journal of the American Musicological Society Vol. 23 No. 3 (1970): 486. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/830617 (accessed April 12, 2023).
Newman, William S. "Liszt's Interpreting of Beethoven's Piano Sonatas." The Music Quarterly Vol. 58 (1972): 185. https://www.jstor.org/stable/741302 (accessed March 23, 2023).
Richter, Christoph, et al. "The Didactic Interpretation of Music." Philosophy of Music Education Review Vol. 4 No. 1 (1996): 33. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40327105 (accessed April 12, 2023).
Rumph, Stephen. "Music and Philosophy: The Enlightenment and Beyond." Journal of the Royal Musical Association Vol. 133 No. 1 (2008): 128. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30161419 (accessed March 20, 2023).
Saccenti, Edoardo. "Beethoven's Deafness and His Three Styles." British Medical Journal, Vol 343, No. 7589, 2011, 2. www.researchgate.net/publication/51880094_Beethoven%27s_deafness_and_his_three _styles (accessed March 12, 2023).
Smith, Alexander Brent. "Ludwig Van Beethoven." Proceedings of the Music Association (1927): 86. https://www.jstor.org/stable/765532 (accessed March 11, 2023).
Stabling, Rita. "Who Died? The Funeral March in Beethoven's 'Eroica' Symphony." The Music Quarterly Vol. 89 (2006): 62. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25172831 (accessed March 20, 2023). Webster, James. "Sonata Formed." The Musical Times Vol. 122 (May, 1981): 301. https://doi.org/10.2307/961892 (accessed March 26, 2023).
Winter, Robert. "Second Thoughts on the Performance of Beethoven's Trills." The Musical Quarterly Vol. 63 No. 4 (1977): 485. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/741717 (accessed April 12, 2023).
"Beethoven's Secret." The Wilson Quarterly Vol. 35 (2011): 77. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45270052 (accessed March 21, 2023).

Thesis:
Giglio, Robert V. "Music, language, and fortepianos Testing the speaking capabilities of stoss and prell." McGill University (2016), 22. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUK Ewif_b78-6P- AhVNzmEKHVZtAmsQFnoECAsQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.mcgill.c a%2Fdownloads%2F8k71nk99r&usg=AOvVaw0vp4TwCozD9DwL2f1EIguJ (accessed April 12, 2023).

Online Articles:
Beethoven, Ludwig van. "'Farewell and Do Not Forget Me': Heiligenstadt Testament." The Imaginative Conservative, March 10, 2017. https://theimaginativeconservative.org/2017/03/heiligenstadt-testament-ludwig-van- beethoven.html (accessed March 10, 2023).
Bernardo. "A Note about Beethoven." Union Church, 2018. union-church.org/a-note-about- beethoven-from-bernardo/ (accessed March 10, 2023).
Chang, Kim. "Classical Articulation and Phrasing." Kim Chang's Piano Studio, August 13, 2022. https://kimchangpianostudio.com/2022/08/13/classical-articulation-and-phrasing/ (accessed April 12, 2023).
Crombie, David. "Beethoven's Broadwood Bicentenary: 1818-2018." World Piano News, May 20, 2018. www.worldpianonews.com/event/beethovens-broadwood-bicentenary/ (accessed March 11, 2023).
Crombie, David. "Early Piano Actions and the Oeser." World Piano News, May 24, 2022. https://www.worldpianonews.com/general/explainers/early-piano-actions-and-the- oeser/ (accessed April 12, 2023).
Gunn, Donna. "Get to the Point with 'the Viennese Sigh.'" Oxford University Press, December 3, 2016. https://blog.oup.com/2016/12/the-viennese-sigh-classical-music/ (accessed April 12, 2023).
Kirillina, Larisa, "Ludwig Van Beethoven: Complete Piano Sonatas, V ol. 6." http://www.caromitis.com/eng/catalogue/booklets/cm0062010.html (accessed March 31, 2023).
Markel, Howard. "What Caused Beethoven's Deafness?" PBS Newshour, December 17, 2019. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/what-caused-beethovens-deafness (accessed March 10, 2023).
Oort, Bart van. "Beethoven's Dynamics in Keyboard Works."Music and Practice. https://www.musicandpractice.org/volume-8/beethovens-dynamics-in-keyboard-works/ (accessed April 12, 2023).
Petzold, Charles. "Beethoven 250 Day 205." The Complete Beethoven, 2021. https://completebeethoven.com/day205.html (accessed March 21, 2023).
Swafford, Jan. "Beethoven the Traditionalist?," The Imaginative Conservative, 2017. https://theimaginativeconservative.org/2017/04/beethoven-anguish-triumph-jan- swafford.html (accessed March 3, 2023).
Toms. "The Use Of Dynamics Tempo And Harmony By Ludwig Van Beethoven To Create Drama." Tomson Highway, November 5, 2022. https://tomsonhighway.com/the-use-of-dynamics-tempo-and-harmony-by-ludwig-van-beethoven-to-create-drama/ (accessed March 25, 2023).
Wildridge, Justin. "Beethoven Late Period - His Greatest Music Pieces." Cmuse, last modified February 25, 2020. https://www.cmuse.org/beethoven-late-period/ (accessed March 13, 2023).
Wilson, Frances. "Playing The Beethoven Piano Sonatas." Interlude, June 4, 2021. https://interlude.hk/playing-beethoven-piano-sonatas/ (accessed March 12, 2023).
Woods, Alan. "Beethoven: Man, Composer and Revolutionary." Marxist.com, 2006. www.marxist.com/beethoven-man-composer-revolutionary190506.htm March 11, 2023).
"Beethoven and Prince Lichnowsky." Popular https://www.popularbeethoven.com/beethoven-and-prince-lichnowsky/ March 21, 2023).
"Beethoven Piano Sonata No. 1." Popular https://www.popularbeethoven.com/beethoven-piano-sonata-no-1/ (accessed March 26, 2023).
"Beethoven's Work-Scholarship Granted by Prince Lobkowitz, Prince Kinsky and Archduke Rudolph." Beethoven-Haus Bonn. https://internet.beethoven.de/en/exhibition/beethovens-capital/id3.html (accessed March 21, 2023).
"Guide to Musical Rests: 8 Types of Rests in Sheet Music." MasterClass, June 8, 2021. https://www.masterclass.com/articles/guide-to-musical-rests (accessed April 13, 2022).
"Lily and Mischa Maisky: Catching the Horizon." Violinist.com. https://www.violinist.com/blog/jacquelinevanasse/20178/21324/ (accessed April 12, 2023).
"Motivic Cells." A Composer's Guide. http://composersguide.com/motivic-cells/ (accessed March 25, 2023).

Score Editions:
Beethoven, Ludwig van. Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 2 No. 1. Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel (1862). Reprinted in New York: E. F. Kalmus, n.d. (1933-70).
Beethoven, Ludwig van. Piano Sonata No. 5, Op. 10 No. 1. Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel (1862). Reprinted in New York: E. F. Kalmus, n.d. (1933-70).

Recordings
Barenboim, Daniel. “Beethoven – Piano Sonata No. 5 in C minor.” (video). Posted November 11, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ChP0kMe1ig (accessed March 3, 2023).
Schiff, Andras. “Beethoven – Piano Sonata No. 1 in F minor Op. 2.” (video). Posted August 6, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zf-NOszbKg8 (accessed March 3, 2023).