研究生: |
徐邦琪 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
台灣地區五-七月豪(大)雨之中長期預報與季內振盪 |
指導教授: |
鄒治華
Tsou, Chih-Hua 柯文雄 Kau, Wen-Shung |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
地球科學系 Department of Earth Sciences |
論文出版年: | 2001 |
畢業學年度: | 89 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 81 |
中文關鍵詞: | 豪(大)雨 、季內振盪 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:221 下載:6 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
摘要
台灣西部地區豪(大)雨的發生頻率最大值出現在六月,次高峰出現在七月或八月,顯示台灣西部地區豪(大)雨可能受其背景環流東亞夏季季風之影響。本研究的目的即在探討東亞夏季季風的低頻變化-季內振盪與台灣西部地區豪(大)雨之關係。
本研究採用中央氣象局各地測站之降雨資料、CDC所分析之1979~1998年外逸長波輻射(OLR), NCEP 重新分析之1979~1998年1000hPa至100hPa共17層之水平風場、垂直速度場、溫度場,以及CMAP之降水資料,並以在頻率及時間域中皆有良好區域性的小波轉換(Wavelet),進行資料的濾波。分析結果顯示南海地區五-七月30~60天振盪的年際變化與台灣西部地區五-七月豪(大)雨發生頻率的年際變化成正相關,而10~20天對流振盪與台灣地區豪(大)雨兩者之間無顯著的相關性。由南海30~60天振盪強年之延遲相關分析發現,30~60天波動到達南海後,短暫滯留、強度增強,此後波動轉向北及東北移至華南/台灣及日本東南方,可能有利於台灣、華南地區的對流成長,進而形成豪(大)雨。若能了解南海地區30~60天振盪的結構與移動,將有助於掌握台灣地區豪(大)雨中期預報。本文進一步利用Charney(1963)的尺度分析方法,推導出三維流線函數趨勢方程,並以1998年為例,探討夏季30~60天振盪發展及移行的機制。我們發現海氣交互作用有利於對流發展,SST較高的區域有利於對流的發展。大氣內部的動力機制也是影響30~60天對流振盪移行與發展的重要因素,30~60天對流振盪移行前緣為低層正渦度及輻合中心。渦度平流在高層效應較大,可經由垂直耦合作用影響低層環流之移行發展;潛熱釋放與靜力穩定度的作用在對流區呈現反相,而潛熱釋放產生的正渦度趨勢有領先降雨帶之特徵。
參考文獻
王時鼎、鄭俠、徐晉淮與丘台光,1985:五、六月間台灣地區暴雨之環境條件,天氣分析與預報研討會論文彙編,中央氣象局,55-77。
曲克恭、任立渝,1986:梅雨季發生大雨之綜觀預報法,大氣科學,14,17-32。
周仲島、洪景山、鄧秀明,1995:TAMEX IOP13 鋒面雨帶之個案研究(一):低層噴流和垂直風切在激發、組織與維持雨帶的角色,大氣科學,23,179-208。
陳泰然,1988:台灣梅雨研究的回顧,科學發展月刊,16,239-266。
陳泰然、王重傑、紀水上,1992:梅雨季伴隨豪雨之中尺度低壓個案研究,大氣科學,20,319-339。
陳泰然、吳清吉,1978:台灣五大城市之氣候特性分析,大氣科學,5,1-16。
陳泰然、紀水上,1980:台灣梅雨季之中幅度降水與中幅度低壓研究,大氣科學,7,39-48。
陳泰然、林宗嵩,1997:梅雨季台灣中南部地區豪大雨之氣候特徵研究,大氣科學,25,289-306。
陳泰然、楊進賢,1988:台灣梅雨期豪雨之時空分布特徵,大氣科學16,151-162。
蔡清彥,1991:TAMEX期間高低層噴流耦合情形,大氣科學,19,67-87。
鄒治華、柯文雄、張卜仁,2000:利用Wavelet 分析南海地區季內振盪與東亞夏季季風之研究,大氣科學,28,27-46。
Chang, C. -P.,1977:Viscous internal gravity waves and low frequency oscillations in the tropics,J. Atmos. Sci.,34,901-910。
------ and H. Lim.,1988:Kelvin wave-CISK :A possible mechanism for the 30-50 day oscillations,J. Atmos. Sci.,45,1709-1720。
Charney, J. G.,1963:A note on the large-scale motions in the tropics,J. Atmos. Sci.,20,607-609。
Chen, T.-C. and J. -M Chen,1995:An observational study of the South China Sea monsoon during the 1979 summer:Onset and life cycle,Mon. Wea. Rev.,123,2295-2318。
------, Yen, M.-C.,S. -P. Weng,2000:Intraseasonal between the Summer Monsoons in East Asia and South China Sea:Intraseasonal Monsoon Modes,J. Atmos. Sci.,57,1373-1392。
Daubechies, I.,1988:Orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets,Commun. Pure Appl. Math.,41,909-996。
Emanuel, K. A.,1987:An air-sea interaction model of intraseasonal oscillation in the tropics,J. Atmos.Sci.,44,2324-2340。
Ferranti, L., Slingo J. M., T. N. Palmer and B. J. Hoskins,1999:The effect of land-surface feedbacks on the monsoon circulation,Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.,125,1527-1550。
Hantel, M., and H.-R. Baader,1978:Diabatic heating climatology of the zonal atmosphere,J. Atmos. Sci.,35,1180-1189。
Hendon, H. H., and J. Glick,1997:Intraseasonal air-sea interaction in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans,J. Climate.,10,647-661。
------,and M. L. Salby,1994:The life cycle of the Madden-Julian oscillation,J. Atmos.Sci.,51,2225-2237。
Higgins, R. W. and S. D. Schubert,1996:Simulations of persistent North Pacific circulation anomalies and interhemispheric teleconnections,J. Atmos. Sci.,53,188-207。
------ and K. C. Mo,1997:Persistent North Pacific Circulation Anomalies and the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation,J. Climate,10,223-244。
Holton, J. R.,1992:An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology(3rd Edn),Academic Press,141-182 pp.、368-401 pp.。
Jones, C. and B. C. Weare,1996:The role of low-level moisture convergence and ocean latent heat fluxes in the Madden and Julian oscillation:An observational analysis using ISCCP Data and ECMWF analyses,J. Climate.,9,3086-3104。
Kalnay and cauthors,1996:The NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project,Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,77,437-471。
Krishnamurti, T. N., and P. Ardanuy,1980:The 10- to 20-day westward propagating mode and “breaks in the monsoon”,Tellus,33,15-26。
------,and D. Subrahmanyam,1982:The 30-50 day mode at 850 mb during MONEX,J. Atmos.Sci.,39,2088-2095。
Lau, K. -M. and P. H. Chan,1986:Aspects of the 40-50 day oscillation during the northern summer as inferred from outgoing longwave radiation,Mon. Wea. Rev.,114,1354-1367。
------, and L. Peng,1987:Origin of low-frequcecy (intrasrasonal)oscillations in the tropical atmosphere,Part I:Basic theory,J. Atmos. Sci.,44,950-972。
------, and C. H. Sui,1997:Mechanisms of short-term sea surface temperature regulation:Observations during TOGA COARE,J. Climate.,9,465-472。
Lau, N. -C.,1979:The observed structure of the tropospheric stationary waves and the local balances of vorticity and heat,J. Atmos. Sci.,36,1275-1277。
Liebmann, B., and Hendon H. H. ,and J. D. Glick,1994:The relationship between tropical cyclones of Western Pacific and Indian Oceans and the Madden-Julian oscillation,J. Meteor. Soc. Japan.,72,401-412。
------, and C. A. Smith,1996:Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset,Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,77,1275-1277。
Madden, R. A. and P. R. Julian,1971:Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the tropical Pacific,J. Atmos. Sci.,28,702-708。
------ and ------,1972:Description of grobal scale circulation cells in the tropics with 40-50 day period,J. Atmos. Sci.,29,1109-1123。
Mak, M.,1995:Orthogonal Wavelet analysis:Interannual variability in the sea surface temperature,Bull. Amer. Meteror. Soc.,76,2179-2186。
Maloney, E. D., and D. L. Hartmann,1998:Frictional moisture convergence in a composite life cycle of the Madden-Julian oscillation,J. Climate.,11,2387-2403。
------ and ------,2000:Modulation of Hurricane Activity in the Gulf of Mexico by the Madden-Juilan Oscillation,Science,287,2002-2004。
Neelin, J. D., I. M. Held and K. H. Cook,1987:Evaporation-wind feedback and low frequency variability in the tropical atmosphere,J. Atmos. Sci.,44,2341-2348。
Newman M., P. D. Sardeshmukh, and J. W. Bergman,2000:An assessment of the NCEP, NASA, and ECMWF Reanalyses over the tropical west pacific warm pool,Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.81,41-48。
Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith,1994:Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation,J. Climate,7,929-948。
Salby, M. L., and H. H. Hendon,1994:Intraseasonal behavior of clouds, temperature, and motion in the Tropics,J. Atmos. Sci.,51,2220-2237。
------, R. R. Garcia, and H. H. Hendon,1994:Planetary-scale circulation in the presence of climatological and wave-induced heating,J. Atmos. Sci.,51,2344-2367。
Sikka, D. R., and S. Gadgil,1980:On the maximun cloud zone and the ITCZ over Indian longitudes during the south west monsoon,Mon. Wea. Rev.,108,1840-1853。
Slingo, J. M., and coauthors,1996:Intraseasonal oscillations in 15 atmospheric general circulation models:Results from an AMIP daignostic subproject,Climate Dyn.,12,325-357。
Srinivasan, J., S. Gadgil, and P. J. Webster,1993:Meridional propagation of large-scale monsoon convective zones,Meteorol. Atmos. Phys.,52,15-35。
Tao, S. Y., and Chen, L. X.,1987:A review of recent research of the East Asian summer in China,Monsoon Meteorology,Oxford University Press,60-92。
Torrence, C. and G. P. Compo,1998:A practical Guide to wavelet Analysis,Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,79,61-78。
Tsay, C.-Y, and W.-S. Kau,1989:The coupling of upper-level jets during Taiwan heavy rainfall period in Mei-Yu seasons,Papers Meteor.Res.,12,17-32。
Uccellini, L.W.,and D.R.Johnson,1979:The coupling of upper and lower tropospheric jets streaks and implication for development of severe convective storm,Mon. Wea. Rev.,107,682-703。
Wang, B.,1988:Comments on “An air-sea interaction model of intraseasonal oscillation in the tropics.”, J. Atmos. Sci.,45,3521-3525。
------,and H. Rui,1990:Dynamics of the coupled moist Kelvin-Rossby wave on an equatorial β-plane,J. Atmos. Sci.,47,397-413。
------,and X. Xie,1998:Couple modes of the warm pool climate system. Part I : The role of air-sea interaction in maintaining Madden-Julian oscillation,J. Climate.,11,2116-2135。
Webster, P. J.,1983:Mechanism of monsoon low frequency variability: Surface hydrological effects,J. Atmos. Sci.,40,2110-2124。
------,1983:The large-scale structure of the tropical atmosphere. In B. J. Hoskin and R. Pearce(eds.), Large-scale Dynamical processes in the Atmosphere,Academic Press,New York,235-276。
Weng ,H., and K. - M. Lau,1994:Wavelets , period doubling , and time-frequency localization with application to organization of concection over the tropical western Pacific,Mon. Wea. Rev.,121,2523-2541。
Xie,P., and P. A. Arkin,1997:Global precipitation : A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations , satellite estimates , and numerical model outputs,Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,78,2539-2557。
Yanai, M., and T. Tomita,1989:Seasonal and interannual variability of atmospheric heat sources and moisture sinks as determined from NCEP-NCAR reanalysis,J. Climate,11,463-482。
Yasunari, T.,1979:Cloudiness fluctuations associated with the northern hemisphere summer monsoon,J. Meteor. Soc. Japan,57,227-242。
Zhang, C.,1996:Atmospheric intraseasonal variability at the surface in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean,J. Atmos. Sci.,53,739-758。