注意力限制與運動強度對大專拳擊選手心理動作表現之影響
摘要
本研究之目的在於探討不同程度之注意力限制（attention limited）及運動強度對於大專拳擊選手心理動作表現的影響。本實驗之參加者為32名健康且自願參與實驗之大專拳擊專項選手，平均年齡20.5歲、身高170公分、體重64.4公斤。所有參與本實驗的選手皆接受以下之實驗測試：（1）在不同注意力限制及運動強度下之選擇反應時間（Choice Reaction Time, 簡稱CRT）測試；（2）不同運動強度下之出拳準確性測試。本實驗進行前，以四名選手進行換氣閾值之再現性的前測（r = 0.992，α< .05）。正式實驗時，以選手出拳擊向不同複雜度的目標區來作為主要工作之注意力限制的基礎，以特製的配戴式筆尖及目標靶來進行不同運動強度下之出拳準確性測試。本研究之基本假設為：（1）在不同程度之注意力限制下，隨著主要工作之動作複雜度的增加，次要工作之選擇反應時間（CRT）也隨之增加；（2）此反應時間與運動強度產生交互作用；適當的運動強度有助於縮短反應時間；（3）出拳的準確性誤差隨著運動強度的增加而增加。資料經收集後，以重複量數單因子變異數分析29名選手在不同強度下之出拳準確性；以混合設計二因子變異數分析不同運動強度與組拳動作複雜度對選擇反應時間的影響。本研究結果發現：（一）隨著注意力限制的增加，拳擊選手選擇反應時間明顯的增加（F = 6.85, P < .05；F = 3.84, P < .05, F = 7.92, P < .05 ），並且，（二）注意力限制並未與運動強度產生交互作用；（三）在出拳準確度方面，在三種不同運動強度下除了「刺拳」在安靜與VT時未達顯著之外，其餘準確性誤差皆達到顯著性差異，隨著運動強度增加準確性誤差增加。（刺拳(AE)：F = 5.89,P < .05；主直拳(AE)：F = 15.57,P < .05 ）。本研究之結論為：
（一） 非熟練之複雜性動作，可能會限制選手之注意力分配，並進一步影響其運動表現。
（二） 在某種程度上，無氧閾值之運動強度並不會影響到選手之內在訊息處理的能力。不過，卻可能影響到選手在動作控制上的準確性與穩定性，此種結果可能是由於周邊（peripheral）的疲勞（如：肌肉）所引起的。
關鍵詞：心理動作表現 運動強度 選擇反應時間
注意力限制 雙重工作

THE EFFECTS OF ATTENTION LIMITED AND ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD ON PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE OF AMATEUR COLLEGE BOXERS
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of attention limited and exercise intensity on the psychomotor performance of amateur boxers. The participants was 32 college boxers, age :20.5 ±1.6, height :170 ±6.5cm , weight : 64.4 ±9.1kg, who volunteered to participate in the experiment. All the participants were accepted following test: (1) The dual task procedure for main task on attention limited and secondary task on Choice Reaction Time, (CRT). (2)The punching accuracy test under different exercise intensity. Before the experiment, four boxer were tested for pilot study on the replicatebility of anaerobic threshold ( r = 0.992, α<. 05).Method:during the experiment, the attention limited of main task was based on the complexity of the blow which punched to the different dimension of the target. A secondary task on CRT was used to probe the attention demanding of the main task. In the other hand, the special designed color pen was worn on the fist to test the punching accuracy. The basic assumption of the study was: (1) Under different extent of attention limited, the more complex punches the main task was；the slower CRT of the secondary task. (2) There are no interactions between CRT and exercise intensities. (3) There is a negative correlation between exercise intensity and punching accuracy. All the data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA. The result of the study as follows:
(1)when the attention limited of the main task was increased, the secondary CRT task increased(F = 6.85, P < .05；F = 3.84, P < .05, F = 7.92, P < .05).and:(2)There are no interactions between attention limited and exercise intensity.(3)There are significant difference of punching accuracy on three exercise intensity (Jab(AE)：F = 5.89, P < .05；Straight(AE)：F = 15.57, P < .05).
Conclusion:
(1) Non-practiced punching complexity seems to limited the allocation of attention resources.
(2) In some extend, the anaerobic threshold would not interfere the information-processing capacity of the athletes, but might be interrupting the spatial accuracy and stability of the motor control of limbs, this is possibly due to the fatigue of peripheral effectors.
Keywords: Psychomotor performance, Attention limited, exercise Intensity,
dual task procedure, choice reaction time (CRT).

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