目 錄第一章 緒 論 ··························································································· 1 第一節 研究動機與旨趣 ································································ 1 第二節 研究方式與內容 ································································ 1 第三節 論文大綱 ················································································ 2第二章 孟子之生平及其時代 ···························································· 4 第一節 孟子之生平 ·········································································· 4 壹、家世源流 ······················································································· 4 貳、名字稱謂 ······················································································· 9 參、里居籍屬 ····················································································· 11 肆、生卒年歲 ····················································································· 12 伍、師承淵源 ····················································································· 15 陸、周遊之跡 ····················································································· 19 柒、著作成書 ····················································································· 22 第二節 孟子所處之時代 ····························································· 27 壹、政治背景 ····················································································· 28 貳、社會背景 ····················································································· 28 參、經濟背景 ····················································································· 29 肆、學術背景 ····················································································· 29 第三節 小結 ······················································································· 30(附)孟子年表 ································································································· 32第三章 仁政之義涵及其淵源 ························································· 35 第一節 仁政之義涵 ········································································ 35 壹、仁政之界說 ················································································ 35 貳、仁政之內容 ················································································ 37 第二節 仁政思想之淵源 ······························································ 38 壹、淵源於《詩經》者 ································································ 39 貳、淵源於《尚書》者 ································································ 41 參、淵源於孔子者 ··········································································· 43 第三節 小結 ························································································ 45第四章 循行仁政之理論基礎 ························································· 46 第一節 尚德思想 ············································································· 46 壹、敬承天道 ····················································································· 46 貳、德本利末 ····················································································· 48 參、存不忍人之心以擴充四端 ··············································· 53 肆、重孝弟之道 ··············································································· 55 伍、崇王絀霸 ····················································································· 59 一、重王道，講義戰·································································· 59 二、不嗜殺 ····················································································· 62 第二節 民本思想 ············································································· 63 壹、民惟邦本 ····················································································· 63 貳、與民同之--推恩 ······························································· 65 參、尊重民意 ····················································································· 68 肆、民貴君輕 ····················································································· 71 第三節 正名思想 ············································································· 73 壹、不在其位，不謀其政 ··························································· 74 貳、君上與臣民間之關係 ··························································· 76 參、責任政治 ····················································································· 78 一、仕止合度 ················································································ 78 二、易君之位 ················································································ 84 肆、革命說 ··························································································· 85 第四節 小結 ························································································ 87第五章 發政施仁之原則要法 ·························································· 89 第一節 閑先聖之道 ········································································ 89壹、 崇法先王聖人 ··········································································· 89 貳、闢異端邪說 ················································································ 91 一、楊朱、墨翟 ·········································································· 91 二、告子 ·························································································· 93 三、許行 ·························································································· 94 四、其他 ·························································································· 96 參、承繼道統 ···················································································· 98 第二節 尚賢與正君 ······································································ 100 壹、人君崇尚賢能 ········································································· 100 一、尊賢舉能 ·············································································· 100 二、重世臣 ···················································································· 103 三、禪讓說 ···················································································· 104 貳、人臣引君當道 ········································································· 106 第三節 小結 ······················································································ 107第六章 修明政經之實際步驟 ························································ 108 第一節 政治方面 ············································································ 108 壹、省刑罰 ·························································································· 108 貳、班爵祿 ·························································································· 110 參、明人倫 ·························································································· 112 第二節 經濟方面 ············································································ 113壹、 薄稅斂 ························································································· 114 貳、制民之產 ···················································································· 117 一、置恆產 ···················································································· 117 二、正經界 ···················································································· 119 參、通功易事 ···················································································· 121 肆、賑困濟窮 ···················································································· 124 第三節 小結 ······················································································ 126第七章 結 論 ······················································································· 127參考書目 ········································································································· 128 甲 專書 ···································································································· 128 乙 論文、期刊 ···················································································· 130