研究生: |
歐祐瑲 Ou, Yu-Chang |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
整合式能源/動力模組散熱系統建模模擬及實驗驗證 Modelling Simulation and Experimental Verification of a Thermal Management System for the Integrated Energy / Power Module |
指導教授: |
呂有豐
Lue, Yeou-Feng |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
工業教育學系 Department of Industrial Education |
論文出版年: | 2017 |
畢業學年度: | 105 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 86 |
中文關鍵詞: | 散熱系統 、模擬驗證 、系統動態 |
DOI URL: | https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202202449 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:134 下載:5 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究針對開發燃料電池、鋰電池與電動馬達之能源/動力源整合式散熱系統,利用Matlab /Simulink軟體進行理論建模和性能分析,並建立實體平台,透過動態模擬及實驗平台嘗試控制此三電(動)力源在其最佳操作區間。
散熱系統中包含雙電控比例閥、散熱器風扇及冷卻泵。電控比例閥用於調控燃料電池、鋰電池與電動馬達間冷卻液流量,散熱器風扇則由冷卻液溫度控制其轉速,冷卻泵透過輸入電壓控制冷卻液流速。動態模擬部分為散熱系統及三熱能之一階lumped-parameter動態方程式。計算其步階響應下三熱能所產生之廢熱量。經由三輸入(三電動源溫度)與四輸出(雙電控比例閥、冷卻泵、散熱器風扇等控制電壓)27條模糊控制規則,控制該高非線性之系統溫度至最佳操作點。
散熱實驗平台中分為加熱及散熱兩子系統,加熱系統依據模擬三熱能所產生之廢熱量輸入於可程式電源供應器中,以提供所需之熱能。散熱系統模擬規則庫燒錄於快速雛型控制器(Rapid-prototyping Controller)以輸入溫度訊號,藉由模糊控制改變雙電控比例閥、冷卻泵及散熱器風扇等電壓達到控制系統溫度目的。研究結果顯示,可將三熱能操作於最佳溫度,模擬系統與實體平台間因溫度回傳落差、散熱元件開啟延遲造成結果部分差異。未來將進一步以實車驗證,了解系統在實車環境之散熱表現、空間配置及續航力等狀況進行實驗分析。
This study developed an integrated thermal management system with the heat sources of fuel cells, lithium batteries, and an electric motor. Theoretical modeling and performance analysis were conducted through by the use of Matlab / Simulink platform and then the establishment of entity radiation platform. Through Matlab / Simulink platform and entity radiation platform the optimal temperatures of three power (energy) sources were controlled.
The system contains two sets of electric-controlled proportional valve, a radiator fan and a cooling pump. The electric-controlled proportional valve is for regulating the coolant flows among the three sources. The coolant temperature was governed by a radiator fan where the fan speed was controlled. The cooling pump controlled the flow rate of the coolant through the input Voltage. For the system dynamics, the heat sources and thermal management system were modeled for a set of lumped-parameter dynamic equations. It was used to calculate the waste heat of three power sources by the step response test. For the fuzzy control rules, the three inputs were the temperatures of the heat sources, while the four outputs were the control Voltages of the two proportional valves, coolant pump and the radiator. These were used to have for the purpose of optimal temperature control.
Entity radiation platform is divided into two subsystems of heating and cooling. The heating system basis simulates three power (energy) sources to have the waste heat quantity input in to being possible the formula programmable power supplies, which provides three power (energy) sources to need the heat energy immediately. The cooling system fragment sentence fuzzy control rules strategy in Rapid-Prototyping Controller. The input were the temperatures signal, changes of the control Voltages for the two proportional valves, the coolant pump and the radiator for the purpose of optimal temperature control. Results showed that because of the temperature feedback dropping Variance in the simulation cooling system and between the entity radiation platform, the radiation part opening detention creates the result partial differences. The experimental platform will be established to verify the simulation in the future. The real Vehicle Verification will be performed in the future to learn the cooling performance, spatial disposition, and endurance to experiment and analysis.
[1] J. Rogelj, et al, “Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2 C, ” Nature , Vol.534, pp. 631-639, June.2016.
[2] M. Santilli, et al, “Tropical deforestation and the Kyoto Protocol, ” Climatic Change , Vol.72, pp. 267-276, 2005.
[3] E. Brindal, “Asia-Pacific: Justice for climate refugees,” Alternative Law Journal, Vol. 32, December. 2007.
[4] S. Pay and Y. Baghzouz,“Effectiveness of battery-supercapacitor combination in electric Vehicles, ”Power Tech Conference Proceedings 2003 IEEE Bologna, Vol. 3, June. 2003.
[5] G. H. Guvelioglu and H. G. Stenger, “Flow rate and humidification effects on a PEM fuel cell performance and operation,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 163, pp. 882-891, January. 2007.
[6] A. Roumboutsos, S. Kapros, and Vanelslander T., “Green city logistics: Systems of Innovation to assess the potential of E-Vehicles,” Research in ransportation Business & Management, Vol. 11, pp. 43-52, July. 2014.
[7] TA. Bruvoll and B. M. Larsen, “Greenhouse gas emissions in Norway: do carbon taxes work?” Energy policy, Vol. 32, pp. 493-505, March. 2004.
[8] J. J. Hwang, “Policy review of greenhouse gas emission reduction in Taiwan ” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, pp. 1392-1402, February. 2011.
[9] S. J. Lin, I.J. Lu, and C. Lewis, “Grey relation performance correlations among economics, energy use and carbon dioxide emission in Taiwan,” Energy policy, Vol. 35, pp. 1948-1955, March. 2007.
[10] R. C. Duncan, “The peak of world oil production and the road to the Olduvai Gorge,” Pardee Keynote Symposia Geological Society of America Summit. 2000.
[11] C. C. Chan, “An overview of electric Vehicle technology,” Proceedings of the IEEE , Vol. 81, pp. 1202-1213, August. 2002.
[12] J. Baker, “New Technology and Possible Advances in Energy Storage”, Energy Policy, Vol. 36, pp. 4368-4373, December. 2008.
[13] J. Bauman and M. Kazerani, “A comparative study of fuel cell-battery, fuel cell-ultracapacitor, and fuel cell-battery-ultracapacitor Vehicles”, IEEE Trans on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 57, pp. 760-769, March. 2008.
[14] T. K. Chau and Y. S. Wong, “Hybridization of energy sources in electric Vehicles,” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol.42, pp.1059-1069,2001.
[15] B. Thoben and A. Siebke, ”Influence of Different gas Diffusion Layers on the Water Management of the PEFC Cathode”, Journal of Electrochem, Vol. 7, pp. 13-20, December. 2003.
[16] G. H. Guvelioglu and H. G. Stenger, “Flow Rate and Humidification Effect on a PEM Fuel Cells with No External Humidification: Influence of Operating Conditions and Gas Diffusion Layers”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 135, pp. 122-134, December. 2004.
[17] K. Qian , C. Zhou, Y. Yuan , and M. Allan “Temperature effect on electric Vehicle battery cycle life in Vehicle-to-grid applications. ” , Electricity Distribution (CICED), 2010 China International Conference on. IEEE, pp. 13-16, March. 2011.
[18] G. Paganelli, Y. Guezennec, G. Rizzoni, “Optimizing Control Strategy for Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicle”, SAE Technical Paper, pp. 01-0102,2002.
[19] J. M. Audujar and F. Segura, “Fuel Cell: History and Updating. A Walk Along Two Cenyuries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 13, pp. 2309-2322, December.2009.
[20] J. Nolan and J. Kolodziej, “Modeling of an Automotive Fuel Cell Thermal System”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 195, pp. 4743-4752, August. 2010.
[21] Y. Shan and S.-Y. Choe, “A high dynamic PEM fuel cell model with temperature effects,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 145, pp. 30-39, July. 2010.
[22] P. R. Pathapati, X. Xue, and J. Tang, “A new Dynamic Model for Predicting Transient Phenomena in a PEM Fuel Cell System,” Renewable Energy, Vol. 30, pp. 1-22, January. 2005.
[23] P. Zhou, C. W. Wu, and G. J. Ma, “Contact Resistance Prediction and Structure Optimization of Bipolar plates”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 159, pp. 1115-1122, September. 2006.
[24] G. H. Guvelioglu and H. G. Stenger, “Flow Rate and Humidification Effect on a PEM Fuel Cell Performance and Operation”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 163, pp. 882-891, January. 2007.
[25] A. A. Pesaran, “Battery thermal models for hybrid Vehicle simulations”, Journal of power sources, Vol. 110, pp. 377-382, August. 2002.
[26] Y. Chen, L. Song, and J. W. Evans, “Modeling studies on battery thermal behavior, thermal runaway, thermal management, and energy efficiency”, Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 1996. IECEC 96., Proceedings of the 31st Intersociety, Vol. 2, pp. 1465-1470, August. 2002.
[27] Y. Zong, B. Zhou, and W. A. Sobiesiak, “Water and thermal management in a single PEM fuel cell with non-uniform stack temperature”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 161, pp. 143-159, October. 2006.
[28] A. Faghri and Z. Guo, “Challenge and Opportunities of Thermal Management Issues Related to Fuel Cell Technology and Modelling”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 48, pp. 3891-3920, September. 2005.
[29] Y. Chen and J. W. Evans, “Three-Dimensional Thermal Modeling of Lithium-Polymer Batteries under Galvanostatic Discharge and Power Profile”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 141, pp.2947-2955, June. 1994.
[30] C. R. Pals and J. Newman, “Thermal Modeling of the Lithium Polymer Battery Ⅱ. Temperature Profiles in a Cell Stack”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 142, pp. 3282-3288, May. 1995.
[31] K. Ito, K. Ashikaga, H. Masuda, T. Oshima, Y. Kakimoto, and K. Sasaki, “Estimation of Flooding in PEMFC Gas Diffusion Layer by Differential Pressure Measurement”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 175, pp. 732-738, January. 2008.
[32] C. Y. Wen and G. W. Huang, “Application of a Thermally Conductive Pyroltic Graphite Sheet to Thermal Managemenet of a PEM Fuel Cell”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 178, pp. 132-140, March. 2008.
[33] S. Giddey, F. T. Ciacchi, and S. P. S. Baswal, “Design, Assembly and Operation of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stacks to 1kW Capacity”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 125, pp. 155-165, January. 2004.
[34] G. Zhang and S. G. Kandlikar. “A critical review of cooling techniques in proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks”, international journal of hydrogen energy, Vol. 37, pp. 2412-2429, February. 2012.
[35] M. W. Verbrugge, “Three-Dimensional Temperature and Current Distribution in a Battery Module”, AIChe Journal, Vol. 41, pp. 1550-1562, June. 1995.
[36] Z. Xiongwen, “Thermal analysis of a cylindrical lithium-ion battery, Electrochimica Acta,” Journal of power sources, Vol.56, pp.1246-1255, January. 2011.
[37] S. C. Chen, C. C. Wan, and Y. Y. Wang, “Thermal Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries”, Journal of power sources, Vol.140, pp.111-124, January. 2005.
[38] J. M. Mottard, C. Hannay, and E. L. Winandy, “Experimental Study of the Thermal Behavior of a Water Cooled Ni-Cd Battery”, Journal of power sources, Vol.117, pp.212-222, May. 2003.
[39] N. Sato, “Thermal Behavior Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles”, Journal of power sources, Vol.99, pp.70-77, August. 2001.
[40] A. A. Pesaran, “Battery Thermal Management in EVs and HEVs: Issues and Solutions”, Advanced Automotive Battery Conf, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, Vol.43, pp.34-49, February. 2001.
[41] N. Hashemnia and B. Asaei “Comparative study of using different electric motors in the electric Vehicles. ” Electrical Machines, 2008. ICEM 2008. 18th International Conference on. IEEE, pp. 1-5, March. 2008.
[42] R. E. Hamke and J. R. Osborn, “Relationships for Motor Temperature Sensitivity”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol.8, pp. 723-725, 1992.
[43] A. H. Eltom, “Motor Temperature Estimation Incorporating Dynamic Rotor Impedance”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion , Vol.6, pp. 107-113, 1991.
[44] D. R. Boothman, E. C. Elgar, and R. H. Rehder, “Thermal Tracking-A Rational Approach to Motor Protection”, Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol.93, pp. 1335-1344, 2007.
[45] Y. Bertin, E. Videcoq, S. Thieblin, and D. Petit, “Thermal Behavior of An Electrical Motor Through a Reduced Model”, Energy Conversion, Vol.15, pp. 129-134, 2002.
[46] L. Yangsoo and S. K. Kauh, “Thermal Analysis of Induction Motor with Forced Cooling Channels”, Magnetics, Vol.36, pp. 1398-1402, 2002.
[47] C. Y. Li and G. P. Liu, “Optimal fuzzy power control and management of fuel cell/battery hybrid Vehicles”, Journal of power sources, Vol.192, pp. 525-533, July. 2009.
[48] K. S. Jeong, W.Y. Lee, and C. S. Kim. “Energy management strategies of a fuel cell/battery hybrid system using fuzzy logics. ” Journal of power sources, Vol.145, pp. 319-326, August. 2005.
[49] Y. H. Hung , Y. F. Lue, and H. J. Gu, “Development of a Thermal Management System for Energy Sources of an Electric Vehicle. ” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,Vol.21, pp. 402-411, July. 2016.
[50] C. Haissig, “Adaptive fuzzy temperature control for hydronic heating systems. ” IEEE Control Systems, Vol.20, pp. 39-48, August. 2002.
[51] 施顯章,“創新混合動力散熱系統之建模與控制設計”,國立臺灣師範大學,碩士論文,2011年7月
[52] K. B. Wipke, M. R. Cuddy, and S. D. Burch, “ADVISOR 2.1: A user- friendly advanced powertrain simulation using a combined backward/forward approach. ”IEEE transactions on vehicular technology, Vol.48, pp.1751-1761. 1999.
[53] K. Tanaka and M. Sugeno, “Stability analysis and design of fuzzy control systems. ” Fuzzy sets and systems, Vol.45, pp.135-156. 1992.