論文摘要
本論文試圖解釋亞瑟o剛司所說的田納西o威廉斯劇作中「絕望的道德感」。剛司認為威廉斯想要證明自我是清白的，但總是失敗。我用精神分析作為我的理論基礎，希望可以找到威廉斯奇怪舉動的心理動機──為何他總是先認同劇中主角，為他們辯白，卻在最後以悲劇收場。
第二章中，我探究威廉斯童年時與父母親間的關係。我發現他小時候父親長年在外。因為沒有父親在身邊，威廉斯的伊底帕司情節並未在童年時解除。他迷戀著母親，長大後則成為同性戀。
第三章中，我藉由威廉斯的作品回溯他的童年願望。我發現他早期的作品有渴望母親、排斥父親的傾向。他的女性角色有他母親的影子。他們有兩個明顯的特徵──端莊的母親和輕浮的母親。他的男性角色大多為三十幾歲的男子。他們暴力而且危險。
第四章中，我為威廉斯奇怪的道德感提出解釋──我認為這是超我戰勝原我的結果。一開始威廉斯想要證明自己不為當時所接受的性向是正當的，但是在過程中他卻認同了父親的角色，對最像他自己的角色產生敵意，最後判決他們有罪而處罰他們。他的處罰嚴厲，因為原本這是他對父親與對他自己的敵意。

Abstract
My thesis is an attempt to account for what Arthur Gonz calls "a desperate morality" in Tennessee Williams' dramatic world. According to Gonz, there is a struggle of the self to affirm its innocence, but it is judged guilty over and over again. I adopt psychoanalysis as my approach, in the hope that it will help me find the psychological motive for the enigmatic attitude the playwright has toward his fictional characters, whom he identifies with, tries to prove as innocent, yet always punishes in the end.
In chapter two, I turn to Williams' childhood to examine the relationship between him and his parents. I find that Williams' father was away from his family during Williams' early childhood. As a result of his father's absence, his desire for his mother was not forbidden during the Oedipal stage. Consequently, he hung on to his mother and turned out to be homosexual in his twenties.
In chapter three, I search Williams' works for his childhood wishes. I find that in the earlier stage of his career the longing for the mother, and rejection of the father dominated the picture. His female characters inherit aspects of his mother's personality. Two personality traits-the mother as the virgin, and the mother as the prostitute-stand out. His male characters are virile men in their thirties. They are violent and dangerous.
In chapter four, I interpret Williams' strange kind of morality as the result of the superego's ambivalent victory over the id. Tough he sets out to justify his own "vices," he unwittingly identifies with the father, turns aggressive toward those characters that resemble him most, and judges them guilty and punishes them. The punishment is severe, because it originally was the aggressiveness he felt toward his father and himself.

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