研究生: |
黃兆慧 Chao-Hui Huang |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
「滯家青年」:家庭危機的守護天使?--以脈絡化觀點詮釋青年社會退縮者的滯家現象 Deferred Home Youth: The guarding angel in family crisis?--Interpreting social withdrawal youth’s deferred home phenomenon through developmental, family, and cultural contexts |
指導教授: |
鄔佩麗
Wu, Pei-Li |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2004 |
畢業學年度: | 93 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 129 |
中文關鍵詞: | 滯家青年、社會退縮、代間情鎖、家庭互動、華人文化脈絡 |
英文關鍵詞: | deferred home youth, social withdrawal, cross-generational good intention complex, family interaction, Chinese cultural contexts |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:314 下載:167 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究的目的在於以脈絡化的觀點,瞭解促成及維繫青年滯家現象的相關環節因素,並探究青年滯家行為於華人家庭中形成慢性化機制的緣由。本研究以二個滯家青年家庭中願意接受訪談的家庭成員及第一個家庭的諮詢師為受訪對象(共計八位受訪者,其中一名是專業人員),使用半結構式的訪談大綱進行質化深度訪談,輔以研究者的參與觀察紀錄,以多元的方法蒐集滯家青年現象的有關資料,作為分析資料的來源。研究者以詮釋學的研究取向,對所蒐集到的研究資料進行理解與詮釋。
研究結果的發現如下:
1. 青年滯家現象的促成因子,與青年個人沒有發展出獨立的自我認同、家庭慣性保護、成長歷程中經驗依附中斷、青年投入外界生活時所遭遇的負向經驗、以及社會資源處遇不當等因素有關。
2. 隨著滯家期間的延長,親子間形成「代間情鎖」的互動模式,成為維繫青年滯家行為的主要影響因素。青年滯家之所以能成為一個長期化的機制,是因為青年困在僵化的代間情鎖之中。
3. 「代間情鎖」是由親強子弱的失衡互動,產生跨越親子心理界線的情感動力循環,是一種僵化且讓親子雙方同感束縛的互動模式,其形成與家庭成員為了因應家庭危機,穩定家庭結構有關。
4. 代間情鎖受到是華人文化深層結構中家族大我優於個人小我、以仁居心的縱向關係、以及盡心的角色義務運作法則所支配,因此是十分強韌,不易撼動。對於華人家庭而言,滯家青年現象的理解,必須考慮家庭成員出於為家庭盡心及守護彼此的善意反應。
研究者並根據研究發現,對於滯家青年的諮商及心理治療的實務工作及未來研究方向,提出討論與建議。
The purposes of this research are to explore the contributing and maintaining factors of the deferred home youth phenomenon in Chinese families and interpreting this phenomenon through developmental, family, and cultural contexts. This research also tries to estimate the needs of the deferred home youth and their families, and pinpoint the interventions feasible for counselors to follow.
Based on hermeneutics research approach, this research adopted in-depth interview and observation method to collect relevant data. Research participants include members of two families with deferred home youths and one professional consultant. Thirteen interviews were conducted successively with eight participants and four field notes were taken by the researcher.
The results of the research are listed as follows:
1. The contributing factors of deferred home youth phenomenon include the lack of self identification, family inertia protection, negative failing experiences in outside world, and inappropriate interventions of social resources.
2. The maintaining factor of deferred home youth phenomenon is the cross-generational good intention complex between youths and their parents.
3. The cross-generational good intention complex is consisted of the fixed and unbalanced interaction pattern between parent and offspring. The formation of the complex is related to members’ adjustment in coping family crises.
4. The structure of the cross-generational good intention complex is strengthened by the deep structures of Chinese culture and is hard to shatter. It is very important to comprehend the good intention of both generations although the psychological complex does make problems.
參考文獻(中文)
危芷芬(2001)。華人的關係類型與人際義務。國立台灣大學心理學研究所博士論文,未出版,台北市。
何友暉,陳淑娟,趙志裕(1991)。關係取向:為中國社會心理方法論求答案。載於楊國樞、黃光國(主編):中國人的心理與行為(49-63頁)。台北:桂冠。
利翠珊(1999)。家庭心理學的系統觀點與研究。應用心理學研究,2,21-40。
李維榕(2003a)。家庭舞蹈:從家庭系統看個人行為(修訂本)。香港:皇冠。
李維榕(2003b)。家庭舞蹈2:從個人到社會(修訂本)。香港:皇冠。
李維榕(2003c)。家庭舞蹈四:二馬的女兒(從家庭到成長)。香港:皇冠。
社交退縮,300萬日本年輕人怕交朋友(2003/9/15)。民生報。2003年9月16日,取自http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR4/1561238.shtml
社會悲劇,父母的地獄--300萬現代隱士困擾日本(2003/9/15)。新華報業網。2003年9月16日,取自http://news.tom.com/1003/2003915-417928.html
莊耀嘉、楊國樞(1991)。傳統孝道的變遷與實踐:一項社會心理學之探討。載於楊國樞、黃光國(主編):中國人的心理與行為(135-176頁)。台北:桂冠。
黃光國(2000)。關係與面子:華人社會中的衝突化解模式。邁進中的華人心理學。香港:中文大學出版社。
黃光國(2001)。社會科學的理路。台北:心理。
黃光國(2004)。儒家社會中的生活目標與角色義務。本土心理學研究,22,121-194。
葉光輝(2004)。現代華人家人的互動關係及其心理歷程。本土心理學研究,22,81-120。
葉明華、楊國樞(1997)。中國人的家族主義:概念分析與實徵衡鑑。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊,83,169-225。
鄔佩麗(2000)。危機與契機—校園問題行為輔導手冊。台北:幼獅。
劉于華(2003)。「家暴施暴者」:家庭危機中的堅強小孩?。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
參考文獻(日文)
近藤直司(2003)。青年期におけるひきこもりの成因と長期化について(On the Background and Prolongation of Social withdrawal in Adolescence)。精神医學(Clinical Psychiatry),45(3),235-240。
倉本英彦(2003)。ひきこもりの予後(Prognosis of Social Withdrawal)。精神医學(Clinical Psychiatry),45(3),241-245。
清水將之(2003)。ひきこもりを考える(On So-called “Social Withdrawal”)。精神医學(Clinical Psychiatry),45(3),230-234。
楢林理一郎(2003)。ひきこもりの治療と援助-家族へのアプローチ(Helping Families with “Hikikomori”)。精神医學(Clinical Psychiatry),45(3),271-277。
鍋田恭孝(2003)。「ひきこもり」と不全型神経症—特に対人恐怖症・強迫神経症を中心に(Social Withdrawal and Abortive-types of Neurosis: Especially on social phobia and obsessive compulsive disorder)。精神医學(Clinical Psychiatry),45(3),247-253。
藤原茂樹、原敏明、岡本淳子、山崎晃資、広瀬徹也(2003)。ひきこもりと精神医療(Clinical Psychiatry of “Hikikomori” Cases)。精神医學(Clinical Psychiatry),45(3),278-291。
斎藤環(1998)。社會的ひきこもり。PHP新書。
斎藤環(2003)。ひきこもりの治療と援助-本人に対して(Individual Treatment and Therapy for “Hikikomori” Cases)。精神医學(Clinical Psychiatry),45(3),263-269。
高畑隆(2003)。埼玉県における「ひきこもり」の実態(A Survey of Withdrawal Syndrome in Saitama prefecture)。精神医學(Clinical Psychiatry),45(3),299-302。
參考文獻(英文)
Alvesson, M. & Skoldberg, K. (2000). Reflective methodology: New vistas for qualitative research. London: Sage.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Atwood, J. D. (2001). Family therapy with a “typical” family system: The involved mother and the peripheral father. In J. D. (Ed.), Family systems/family therapy: Applications for clinical practice. Haworth Press.
Boszormenyi-Nagy, I. (1985). Commentary: Trans generational solidarity—therapy’s mandate and ethics. Family Process, 24, 454-456.
Chen, X., Rubin, K. H., & Sun, Y. (1992). Social reputation and peer relationships in Chinese children: A cross-cultural study. Child Development, 63, 1336-1343.
Deal (1995). Utilizing data from multiple family members: A within-family approach. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 1109-1121.
Dill, E. J., Vernberg, E. M., Fornagy, P., Twemlow, S. W., & Gamm, B. K. (2004). Negative affect in victimized children: The roles of social withdrawal, peer rejection, and attitudes toward bullying. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32(2), 159-173.
Doi, L. T. (1973). The anatomy of dependence (J. Beater, Trans.). Tokyo: Kodansha International.
Erickson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed: A review. New York: Norton.
Fulmer, R. (1999). Becoming an adult: Leaving home and staying connected. In B. Carter & M. McGoldric (Eds.), The expanded family life cycle: Individual, family, and social perspectives (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Glasser, B. G. (1978). Theoretical sensitivity. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
Goldenberg, I., Goldenberg, H., & White, M. (2003). Family therapy with infotrac: An overview (6th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing.
Haley, J. (1997). Leaving home: The therapy of disturbed young people (2nd ed.). New York: Brunner/ Mazel, Inc.
Hsu, F. L. K. (1971). Psychological homeostasis and jen:Conceptual tools for advancing psychological anthropology. American Anthropologist, 73, 23-44.
Hwang, K. K. (1999). Filial piety and loyalty: The types of social identification in Confucianism. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2, 129-149.
Hwang, K. K. (2001). The deep structure of confucianism: A social psychological approach. Asian Philosophy, 11(3), 179-204.
Lee, W. Y. (2002). One Therapist, Four cultures: Working with families in Greater China. Journal of Family Therapy, 24, 258-275.
Lewis, M., & Miller, S. M. (Eds.). (1990). Handbook of developmental psychopathology. New York: Plenum Press.
Luescher, K., & Pillemer, K. (1998). Intergenerational ambivalence: A new approach to the study of parent-child relationships in later life. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60(2), 413-425.
Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Minuchin, S., Lee, W. Y., & Simon, G. M. (1996). Mastering family therapy: Journeys of growth and transformation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Murakami, R. (2000). Japan's lost generation: In a world filled with virtual reality, the country's youth can't deal with the real thing. Time Asia. Retrieved September 16, 2003, from the World Wide Web:
http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/2000/0501/japan.essaymurakami.html
Rees, P. (2002). Japan: The missing million. BBC News World Edition. Retrieved September 16, 2003, from the World Wide Web:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/correspondent/2334893.stm
Rubin, K. H., & Asendorpf, J. (1993). Social withdrawal, inhibition, and shyness in childhood. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Rubin, K. H., & Stewart, S. L. (1996). Social Withdrawal. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychology. New York: The Guilford Press.
Schwartz, K., & Ward, C. M. (1986). Leaving home: A semistructured group experience. Journal of Counseling and Development, 65, 107.
Shaffer, D. (1999). Developmental psychology (5th ed.). New York: Wadsworth.
Stiver, I. (1991). The meanings of “dependency” in female-male relationships. In J. Jordan, A. Kaplan, J. Baker Miller, I. Stiver, & J. Surry (Eds.), Women’s growth in connections (pp. 143-161). New York: Guilford .
Suwa, M., Suzuki, K., Koichi, H., Watanabe, H., & Takahashi, T. (2003). Family features in primary social withdrawal among young adults. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 57(6), 586-606.
Tamase, K. (1991). The effects of introspective-developmental counseling. Paper presented at the American Association of Counseling and Development, Reno, NV.
Vosburg, E. S. (2004). Toward triadic communication: A crisis in Japanese Family Relationships. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 15(1/2), 105-117.
Wahl, J., & Martin, A. (2004). Child psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(4), 500-501.
Watts, J. (2002). Public health experts concerned about “hikikomori”. The Lancet, 359, 1131.
World Health Organization. (1993). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
Yang, C. F. (1988). Familism and development: An examination of the role of family in contemporary China Mainland, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. In D. Sinha & H. S. R. Kao (Eds.), Social values and development: Asian perspectives, New Delhi: Sage.
Yeh, K. H., & Bedford, O. (2004). Filial belief and parent-child conflict. International Journal of Psychology, 39(2), 132-144.
Young, R., & Bradley, M. (1998). Social withdrawal: self-efficacy, happiness, and popularity in introverted and extroverted adolescents. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 14(1), 21-40.