本研究以大台北地區國中生為對象，採問卷調查法及焦點團體法蒐集資料，旨在瞭解國中生對老人的態度及其影響對老人態度之因素，並據此提出對教學活動之啟示與建議。研究結果主要分為二大部分，分述如下：
一、 問卷調查研究發現
本研究使用的調查工具為「老人態度量表」問卷，調查結果分別以次數、百分比、平均數、t考驗、單因子變異數分析及薛費事後考驗、皮爾遜積差相關、多元逐步迴歸分析進行各項考驗。研究結果如下：
(一)整體現況：大台北地區國中生對老人的態度平均分數為3.41，高於 中間分數3分，表示對老人持中間偏正向的態度。
(二)個人與家庭背景差異：
1. 國中生對老人的態度會因居住縣市不同、男女性別不同而有顯著差異，分別為北縣高於北市、女生高於男生；至於在年級上則無顯著差異。
2. 國中生對老人的態度會因幼時有無受祖父母照顧、與祖父母整體親密關係程度不同有顯著差異；至於與家庭型態、家庭社經地位、是否與祖父母同住等則無顯著差異。
3. 各變項的解釋力：國中生對老人的態度具有解釋力的變項依次為：老人知覺、與祖父母整體的親密關係、和幼時曾受祖父母照顧等。
二、 焦點團體之研究發現
(一)對一般老人的看法
1. 大眾媒體對老人的描述：焦點團體成員對此有正向積極、負向消極、或中立看法兼而有之，唯希望大眾媒體對問題能詳實中肯，並能有後續解決因應之追蹤報導。
2. 國中教科書方面：老人相關議題在國中課本中尚未引起普遍的重視，值得相關單位注意。
3. 個人對老人的看法：關於對老人負面的陳述，以問卷上的題目為例，發現焦點團體成員大多能寬容、理性地剖析原委，不會人云亦云。尤其，他們覺得要做好「生涯規劃」及希望將來社會都能「尊重老人」對於教育的意涵特別深遠。
(二)祖孫互動經驗
1. 祖父母的貢獻：受訪學生大多對祖父母之於家庭的付出，深表肯定與感謝。
2. 生活習慣：由於老少作息時間不一、觀念思維有所差距，受訪者感覺生活習慣較不便利。此外，年輕人較難忍受老人家的嘮叨。
3. 祖孫的情感：女生與祖父母的關係較男生來得親密。另一方面，焦點團體成員認為與祖父母的親密關係會因祖父母的生活背景、人生歷練、年紀大小、及互動模式的不同而有所差異。
基於上述結論與啟示，研究者試擬相關學習單元活動融滲於綜合活動課程中，並對教育工作者提出以下具體建議：
1. 提昇老人知覺：應使學生了解生命全期的發展概念，特別是老人期的生心變化。
2. 增進祖孫關係：分享與祖父母相處的心得，並傳授與老人家說話的藝術與禮儀。
3. 注重休閒活動：從祖父母的休閒觀或休閒活動中，了解休閒的意義及儘早培養、建立個人的休閒嗜好與活動。
4. 落實代間互惠：應讓學生與老人實際接觸的機會。校方可安排學生實地參訪安養院為老人服務，亦可延請老人到校擔任義工、或傳授技藝、分享人生歷練等。
5. 善擬生涯規劃：訓練學生擬定近程、中程、遠程階段性的生活目標，再依個人的人生目的規劃個人生涯。
關鍵字：國中生、老人態度、祖孫關係、老人知覺。

The purpose of this study was to identify attitudes of junior high school students towards old people and to develop teaching curricula on aging based on the results.“ The Attitudes Towards Old People” survey instrument and the focus group interview were administered to 1148 subjects in Taipei.
Results of this study indicated that students held positive attitudes towards old people. A significant difference (P<.01) was found in residence, sex, care from grandparents in the childhood, and the intimate relationship with grandparents. There were no significant differences observed in responses by total attitude scores among grades, family types, family social-economic classes, or living with grandparents. The variables with the most convincing regression to the attitudes towards old people showed successively: perceptions to old people, the intimate relationship with grandparents, and care from grandparents in the childhood.
In response to the various questions on old people, the focus groups concluded as follows: They highly acknowledged the contributions from grandparents to the family. Girls showed more intimate relationship with grandparents than boys, and the former held more positive attitudes towards old people than the latter as well. However, boys tended to analyze miscellaneous situations among old people at the aging point.
On the basis of the results, teaching curricula on aging for junior high school students were developed as an example. The implications of the study suggest more information and experiences are necessary to educate students in perceptions to old people, grandparent-grandchild relationship, leisure activities, reciprocal learning, and career planning.
Key Words: Junior High School Students, Attitudes towards Old People, Grandparent-grandchild Relationship, Perceptions to Old People

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