馬克萊奇是第一本《易經》及《御纂朱子全書•理氣》英譯本的譯者，雖然首開先河，但百多年來飽受惡評、漠視與誤解。本論文以傳記形式從馬克萊奇的視角鋪陳他翻譯這兩本中國經典的時代背景與他的傳教生涯，來重新檢視他這兩本譯本及評論的流變。研究發現他的翻譯是為了證明中國經典裡的「上帝」不是Christian God，以此將十九世紀在華新教傳教士譯名之爭的戰場從原本的《聖經》中譯轉向中國經典英譯。他的翻譯是他傳教士生涯的一部份，不僅和他在中國的所思所見密切相關，也聯繫著當時在中國其他傳教士的所言所行，以及當時中國發生的大小事件。主張「上帝」譯名的漢學家理雅各對他強烈且情緒化的抨擊是其飽受惡評及漠視的源頭，當代學者雖然不再譏諷他將「上帝」詮釋為雌雄同體的朱庇特，但也忘了他翻譯的初衷，以致誤解頻生。所以他的翻譯必須放回到他的傳教士身分與生涯中來理解。

Thomas McClatchie is recognized as the first to translate the Classic of Change and Section Forty-Nine of The “Complete Works” of The Philosopher ChooFoo-Tze into English. Despite this accomplishment, his work has been criticized, disdained, and misunderstood for over a century. This paper employs a biographical style of writing to reconsider the reception to these translations over time through the lens of their historical context and McClatchie’s missionary career. Researchers now realize that a major purpose of McClatchie’s translation was to prove that the term “上帝 ” used in Chinese classics is not the same as Christianity’s God, marking a shift in debate among nineteenth-century Protestant missionaries from Chinese translations of the Bible to English versions of Chinese classics. Therefore, his translation work was integral to his career as a missionary. It not only reflected what he contemplated and witnessed in China but was also inextricably linked to the conversations and activities of his contemporaries, as well as other events occurring in China. The harsh criticism and scorn leveled against McClatchie can be traced back to fierce and emotional attacks by James Legge, a sinologist who advocated the use of “上 帝 ” in translations. Although scholars today no longer mock McClatchie’s interpretation of “上帝 ” as “a hermaphroditic Jupiter,” they now forget the original intentions behind it, producing a great deal of misunderstanding. To be truly understood, his translations must be viewed in the context of his identity and career.

馬克萊奇作品
《路加傳好新聞》，寧波，1848。
《中外理辨：上海土白》，上海，1849
《早禱文》，上海，1848。
PHILOMATHES, “Letter to the Editor 1 -- No Title,” The North - China Herald, Dec 13, 1851; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, pg. 78.
“The Chinese on the Plain of Shinar, or a Connection Established between the Chinese and All Other Nations through Their Theology,” The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 16 (1856): 368-435.
Sinensis, “Chinese Mythology: No.1,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal (Jan 1, 1871): 197.
Sinensis, “Chinese Mythology: No.2,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal (Feb 1, 1871): 234.
Sinensis, “Chinese Mythology: No.3,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal (Mar 1, 1871): 299.
Sinensis, “Chinese Mythology: No.4,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal (May 1, 1871): 347.
Sinensis, “Chinese Mythology: No.5,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal (Jun 1, 1871): 19.
Sinensis, “Chinese Mythology: No.6,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal (Jul 1, 1871): 46.
Sinensis, “Chinese Mythology: No.7: 1st Part,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal (Sep 1, 1871): 93.
Sinensis, “Chinese Mythology: No.7: Part 2nd,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal (Oct 1, 1871): 130.
Sinensis, “Chinese Mythology: No.8: First Part,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal (Dec 1, 1871): 192.
Sinensis, “Chinese Mythology: No.8: Second Part,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal (Jan 1, 1872): 217.
Sinensis, “Chinese Mythology: No.9,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal (Jan 1, 1872): 218.
Sinensis, “Buddha’s Footprint,” Received Feb. 1872 by CMS. CMS/B/OMS/C CH 062, P.487.
Sinensis, “Mistranslation of GEN 1:1,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal, (May 1872):57-65.
“The Worship of The Dragon or Serpent,” Received June 16, 1872 by CMS. CMS/B/OMS/C CH 062, PP. 488-489.
“The Philosophy of the Sung Dynasty in Contrast with that of Confucius,” The North - China Herald and Supreme Court &Consular Gazette, Aug 17, 1872; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, pg. 134.
“The Antiquity of The Chinese I,” The North - China Herald and Supreme Court &Consular Gazette, Sept 14, 1872; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, pg. 219.
“Correspondence: The Antiquity of The Chinese,” The North - China Herald and Supreme Court &Consular Gazette, Oct 17, 1872; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, pg. 329.
“The Antiquity of The Chinese II,” The North - China Herald and Supreme Court &Consular Gazette, Nov 7, 1872; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, pg. 391.
“Confucius and Choo-Tsze,” The North - China Herald and Supreme Court &Consular Gazette, Nov 7, 1872; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, 1872, pg.392.
“The Symbols of The Yih-King,” The China Review 1.3 (Nov. 1872): 151-168.
“Samaritan Chronology,” The North - China Herald and Supreme Court &Consular Gazette, Nov 21, 1872; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, pg.446.
“The Antiquity of The Chinese III,” The North - China Herald and Supreme Court &Consular Gazette, Dec 5, 1872; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, pg. 494.
The Antiquity of The Chinese IV,” The North - China Herald and Supreme Court &Consular Gazette, Dec 19, 1872; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, pg. 535.
The Antiquity of The Chinese V,” The North - China Herald and Supreme Court &Consular Gazette, Jan 2, 1873; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, pg. 11.
“Paganism I,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal, (Jan-Feb. 1874):57-65.
Confucian Cosmogony: A Translation of Section Forty-Nine of the “Complete Works” of the Philosopher Choo-Foo-Tze, with Explanatory Notes [1874], Shanghai: American Presbyterian Missionary Press, 1874.
“Paganism II,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal 6 (July-Aug 1875):270-281.
“Confucian Cosmogony.” The China Review 4.2 (1875): 84-95.
“Phallic Worship,” The China Review 4.4 (Feb. 1876): 257-261.
“The Term for “Spirit” in Chinese,” The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal (Mar 1, 1876); ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, p. 92.
“Extract from A Japanese Shinto Sermon,” The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal (April 22, 1876); ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, p. 385.
“Tombs of Chow Lëen-ke: Translation,” The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal (May 1, 1876); ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, p. 207.
“The Term for God,” The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal (May 1, 1876); ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, p. 217.
“Paganism IV,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal 4 (July-Aug 1876): 267-275.
A Translation of the Confucian 易經, or the “Classic of Change,” with Notes and Appendix. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Missionary Press, 1876. Reprinted by Ch’eng Wen Publishing Company, Taipei, 1973.
“The Yih King,” The Chinese Recorder, v.7-8 (1876-77), p.447-450.
“Paganism V,” The Chinese Recorder & Missionary Journal, (Jan 1, 1877); ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspapers Collection, p. 54.
“God κατ’ έξοχήν Part I,” The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal 8.5 (Sept-Oct. 1877): 398-411.
“God κατ’ έξοχήν Part II,” The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal 8.5 (Nov 1, 1877): 476.
“The Jewish Nation,” The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal 9.2 (March-April 1878): 81-85.
“A Discourse on Rom. I. 18-25,” The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal 11.1 (March-April 1880): 81-93, 187-193.
“Chinese Cosmogony,” CMS/B/OMS/C CH 062, PP.495-498.
“Brief Sketch of the History of the Shanghae Station of the Church Missionary Society, London,” The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal (Jul 1, 1877): 308.
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紀建勛：〈漢語神學的濫觴：利瑪竇的「帝天說」與上帝存在的證明〉，《漢語基督教學術論評》第17期，2014，頁 47–74。
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馬克萊奇：《中外理辨》，上海，1849。
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