交友軟體成為現今人們用來尋找浪漫伴侶的管道之一，人們在交友軟體中可以隨時隨地與人進行配對，不受時間、地點影響。雙方互相自我揭露，期望與對方從線上轉到線下，並進一步發展戀愛關係。然而，隨著使用者不同的交友目的及策略，交友軟體上發展出各式各樣的自我呈現，讓找尋潛在浪漫伴侶的同時，也充斥著認證這些自我呈現資訊的問題。為了解使用者如何從交友軟體上判斷對方展示的個人資訊真實性，以及進入配對聊天後卻無法與對方有更進一步的發展，抑或是從線上轉換到線下後沒有成為伴侶的原因，本研究透過降低不確定性理論為基礎，將認識陌生人的過程套用到交友軟體上，並以半結構式訪談進行，分析交友軟體使用者在發展關係的三個階段中運用策略。研究結果將交友軟體使用者在個人簡介中的溝通策略分為文字、照片及數位線索三個部份，探討使用者如何利用這三種線索制定策略以找尋潛在浪漫伴侶，其中提到使用者過早透露數位線索，容易使對方提高防備心，進而降低配對率。同時，也探討使用者在溝通階段中遇到的挑戰與難題，透過以圖搜圖或人際關係網路調查，以證實對方給予資訊的正確性。最後，使用者提到對於轉換頻道後所帶來的壓力，使雙方後續關係發展帶來一定程度的影響。結論將依據使用者提出的溝通策略對交友軟體進行配對通知的界面給予設計建議。

Dating apps have become one of the primary avenues for individuals seeking romantic partners in contemporary society. Users can engage in matchmaking anytime and anywhere without being constrained by time or location. Mutual self-disclosure is common as individuals aim to transition from online interaction to offline meetings with the expectation of further developing romantic relationships. However, due to varying user intentions and strategies, dating apps witness diverse forms of self-presentation, leading to challenges in authenticating these self-presented profiles. To understand how users assess the authenticity of personal information presented by others on dating apps and why some fail to progress beyond initial chat matches or fail to convert online connections into offline partnerships, this study employs Uncertainty Reduction Theory. Through semi-structured interviews, this research analyzes strategies employed by dating app users across three relationship development stages.The research results categorize the communication strategies of users on dating apps in their personal profiles into three parts: text, photos, and digital cues. It explores how users utilize these three types of cues to formulate strategies for finding potential romantic partners. The study mentions that users who reveal digital cues too early may cause the other party to become more guarded, thereby reducing the matching rate. Additionally, it examines the challenges and difficulties users encounter during the communication phase, using image searches or social network surveys to verify the accuracy of the information provided by the other party. Finally, users express that the pressure brought about by switching communication channels has a certain degree of impact on the subsequent development of their relationship. The conclusion will provide design suggestions for the matching notification interface of dating apps based on the communication strategies proposed by users.

中文文獻
Amelia Abraham、Sandy Hsu（2020）。交友軟體改變了現代愛情，許多人不再執著於尋找所謂的「真命天子」。Vogue。https://www.vogue.com.tw/lifestyle/article/dating-app-changes-modern-love
Tinder新聞中心（2020）。「滑」數激增四成！Tinder公開上半年台灣會員這樣聊！同步奉上3招話題催生術讓對方情不自禁先開口。Tinder。https://tw.tinderpressroom.com/2020-08-04-Tinder-3
行政院主計總處（2021）。109年家庭收支調查報告。https://ws.dgbas.gov.tw/win/fies/doc/result/109.pdf
谷玲玲（2013）。網路親密關係中的自我揭露。資訊社會研究，(24)，1-26。https://doi.org/10.29843/JCCIS.201301_(24).0001
英文文獻
Adelman, M. B., & Ahuvia, A. C. (1991). Mediated channels for mate seeking: A solution to involuntary singlehood? Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 8(3), 273-289. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295039109366798
Ahuvia, A. C., & Adelman, M. B. (1992). Formal Intermediaries in the Marriage Market: A Typology and Review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 54(2), 452-463. https://doi.org/10.2307/353076
Albury, K., Burgess, J., Light, B., Race, K., & Wilken, R. (2017). Data cultures of mobile dating and hook-up apps: Emerging issues for critical social science research. Big Data & Society, 4, 205395171772095. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951717720950
Albury, K., & Byron, P. (2016). Safe on My Phone? Same-Sex Attracted Young People’s Negotiations of Intimacy, Visibility, and Risk on Digital Hook-Up Apps. Social Media + Society, 2(4), 2056305116672887. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116672887
Altman, I., & Taylor, D. A. (1973). Social penetration: The development of interpersonal relationships. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Baldor, T. (2022). Do I Know You? Managing Offline Interaction in Acquainted Stranger Relationships [Article]. Qualitative Sociology, 45(3), 353-370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-022-09515-5
Bargh, J. A., McKenna, K. Y. A., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2002). Can You See the Real Me? Activation and Expression of the “True Self” on the Internet. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 33-48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00247
Baumeister, R. F. (1982). A self-presentational view of social phenomena. Psychological bulletin, 91(1), 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.91.1.3
Berger, C. R., & Calabrese, R. J. (1975). Some Explorations in Initial Interaction and Beyond: Toward a Developmental Theory of Interpersonal Communication. Human Communication Research, 1(2), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00258.x
Brennan, S. E., & Clark, H. H. (1996). Conceptual pacts and lexical choice in conversation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22(6), 1482-1493. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.22.6.1482
Bryant, K., & Sheldon, P. (2017). Cyber dating in the age of mobile apps: Understanding motives, attitudes, and characteristics of users. American Communication Journal, 19, 1-15.
Buchanan, T., & Whitty, M. T. (2014). The online dating romance scam: causes and consequences of victimhood. Psychology, Crime & Law, 20(3), 261-283. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.772180
Chan, L. S. (2017). Who uses dating apps? Exploring the relationships among trust, sensation-seeking, smartphone use, and the intent to use dating apps based on the Integrative Model. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 246-258. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.053
Chan, L. S., & Chui, D. L. T. (2024). How dating apps fail sexual minorities: Hyperpersonal failure as a framework for understanding challenges in developing long-term relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 02654075241244482. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075241244482
Clark, H. H. (1996). Using Language. Cambridge University Press.
Clark, H. H., & Brennan, S. E. (1991). Grounding in communication. In Perspectives on socially shared cognition. (pp. 127-149). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10096-006
Clark, M. S., & Reis, H. T. (1988). Interpersonal processes in close relationships. Annual Review of Psychology, 39, 609-672. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.39.020188.003141
Collins, N. L., & Miller, L. C. (1994). Self-disclosure and liking: A meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 116(3), 457-475. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.457
Couch, D., & Liamputtong, P. (2008). Online Dating and Mating: The Use of the Internet to Meet Sexual Partners. Qualitative Health Research, 18(2), 268-279. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732307312832
Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design. Management Science, 32(5), 554-571. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.5.554
Debnam, K. J., & Kumodzi, T. (2019). Adolescent Perceptions of an Interactive Mobile Application to Respond to Teen Dating Violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(13-14), 6821-6837. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518821455
Derks, D., Bos, A. E. R., & Grumbkow, J. v. (2007). Emoticons and social interaction on the Internet: the importance of social context. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(1), 842-849. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.11.013
Derlega, V. J., & Chaikin, A. L. (1977). Privacy and self-disclosure in social relationships. Journal of Social Issues, 33(3), 102-115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01885.x
Derlega, V. J., Winstead, B. A., & Greene, K. (2008). Self-disclosure and starting a close relationship. In Handbook of relationship initiation. (pp. 153-174). Psychology Press.
Duguay, S., Dietzel, C., & Myles, D. (2022). The year of the “virtual date”: Reimagining dating app affordances during the COVID-19 pandemic. New Media & Society, 26(3), 1384-1402. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211072257
Ellison, N., Heino, R., & Gibbs, J. (2006). Managing impressions online: Self-presentation processes in the online dating environment. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 11(2), 415-441. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00020.x
Ellison, N. B., Hancock, J. T., & Toma, C. L. (2011). Profile as promise: A framework for conceptualizing veracity in online dating self-presentations. New Media & Society, 14(1), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444811410395
Ferris, L., & Duguay, S. (2019). Tinder’s lesbian digital imaginary: Investigating (im)permeable boundaries of sexual identity on a popular dating app. New Media & Society, 22(3), 489-506. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819864903
Finkel, E. J., Eastwick, P. W., Karney, B. R., Reis, H. T., & Sprecher, S. (2012). Online dating: A critical analysis from the perspective of psychological science. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(1), 3-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100612436522
Gibbs, J. L., Ellison, N. B., & Heino, R. D. (2006). Self-presentation in online personals:The role of anticipated future interaction, self-disclosure, and perceived success in internet dating. Communication Research, 33(2), 152-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650205285368
Gibbs, J. L., Ellison, N. B., & Lai, C.-H. (2011). First comes love, then comes google: An investigation of uncertainty reduction strategies and self-disclosure in online dating. Communication Research, 38(1), 70-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650210377091
Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Doubleday.
Greene, K., Derlega, V. J., & Mathews, A. (2006). Self-Disclosure in Personal Relationships. In The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships. (pp. 409-427). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606632.023
Hancock, J. T., Toma, C., & Ellison, N. (2007). The truth about lying in online dating profiles Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, San Jose, California, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240697
Hancock, J. T., & Toma, C. L. (2009). Putting Your Best Face Forward: The Accuracy of Online Dating Photographs. Journal of Communication, 59(2), 367-386. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01420.x
Heino, R. D., Ellison, N. B., & Gibbs, J. L. (2010). Relationshopping: Investigating the market metaphor in online dating. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27(4), 427-447. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407510361614
Hitsch, G., Hortaçsu, A., & Ariely, D. (2010). What Makes You Click? Mate Preferences in Online Dating. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 8, 393-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11129-010-9088-6
Huang, S. A., Hancock, J., & Tong, S. T. (2022). Folk Theories of Online Dating: Exploring People’s Beliefs About the Online Dating Process and Online Dating Algorithms. Social Media+ Society, 8(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051221089561
Joinson, A. N. (2001). Self-disclosure in computer-mediated communication: The role of self-awareness and visual anonymity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(2), 177-192. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.36
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
Knobloch, L. K. (2015). Uncertainty Reduction Theory. In The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication (pp. 1-9). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118540190.wbeic144
Kollmann, T., & Lomberg, C. (2010). Web 1.0, web 2.0 and web 3.0: The development of e-business. 3, 1203-1210. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-611-7.ch121
Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological bulletin, 107(1), 34-47. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.1.34
Lehmiller, J. J., Garcia, J. R., Gesselman, A. N., & Mark, K. P. (2021). Less Sex, but More Sexual Diversity: Changes in Sexual Behavior during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic. Leisure Sciences, 43(1-2), 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1774016
Li, Y. (2024). The Study of Psychology and Intimate Relationships. Journal of Education and Educational Research, 7, 146-148. https://doi.org/10.54097/nkgaz709
McKenna, K. Y. A., Green, A. S., & Gleason, M. E. J. (2002). Relationship Formation on the Internet: What’s the Big Attraction? Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 9-31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00246
O'reilly, T. (2007). What is Web 2.0: Design patterns and business models for the next generation of software. Communications & strategies(1), 17.
Parks, M. R. (2017). Embracing the Challenges and Opportunities of Mixed-Media Relationships. Human Communication Research, 43(4), 505-517. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12125
Parks, M. R., & Floyd, K. (1996). Making friends in cyberspace. Journal of Communication, 46(1), 80-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1996.tb01462.x
PewResearchCenter. (2020). The Virtues and Downsides of Online Dating. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2020/02/06/the-virtues-and-downsides-of-online-dating/
Phan, A., Seigfried-Spellar, K., & Choo, K.-K. R. (2021). Threaten me softly: A review of potential dating app risks. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 3, 100055. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100055
Ramirez, A., Sumner, E. M., Fleuriet, C., & Cole, M. (2015). When Online Dating Partners Meet Offline: The Effect of Modality Switching on Relational Communication Between Online Daters. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 20(1), 99-114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12101
Ranzini, G., & Lutz, C. (2017). Love at first swipe? Explaining Tinder self-presentation and motives. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 80-101. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050157916664559
Ranzini, G., Rosenbaum, J. E., & Tybur, J. M. (2022). Assortative (online) dating: Insights into partner choice from an experimental dating app. Computers in Human Behavior, 127, 107039. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107039
Reis, H. T., & Shaver, P. (1988). Intimacy as an interpersonal process. In Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research and interventions. (pp. 367-389). John Wiley & Sons.
Rosen, L. D., Cheever, N. A., Cummings, C., & Felt, J. (2008). The impact of emotionality and self-disclosure on online dating versus traditional dating. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 2124-2157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.10.003
Rosenfeld, M. J., & Thomas, R. J. (2012). Searching for a Mate:The Rise of the Internet as a Social Intermediary. American Sociological Review, 77(4), 523-547. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122412448050
Rosenfeld, M. J., Thomas, R. J., & Hausen, S. (2019). Disintermediating your friends: How online dating in the United States displaces other ways of meeting. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(36), 17753-17758. https://doi.org/doi:10.1073/pnas.1908630116
Salancik, G. R., & Pfeffer, J. (1978). A social information processing approach to job attitudes and task design. Administrative Science Quarterly, 23(2), 224-253. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392563
Sarafe, P. (2023). The WWW Journey of Web 1.0 to 3.0. In (pp. 202).
Sharabi, L. L., Ryder, C. V., & Niess, L. C. (2022). A Space of Our Own: Exploring the Relationship Initiation Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual Dating App Users. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 40(7), 2277-2297. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075221143790
Smith, A., & Anderson, M. (2016). 5 facts about online dating. PewResearchCenter. https://internet.psych.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/532-Master/532-UnitPages/Unit-06/Smith_Pew_OnlineDating_2016a.pdf
Sproull, L., & Kiesler, S. (1986). Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communications. Management Science, 32(11), 1492-1512. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2631506
Tidwell, L. C., & Walther, J. B. (2002). Computer-mediated communication effects on disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations: Getting to know one another a bit at a time. Human Communication Research, 28(3), 317-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00811.x
Timmermans, E., & De Caluwé, E. (2017). Development and validation of the Tinder Motives Scale (TMS). Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 341-350. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.028
Toma, C. L., & Hancock, J. T. (2010). Looks and lies: The role of physical attractiveness in online dating self-presentation and deception. Communication Research, 37(3), 335-351. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650209356437
Tong, S. T., Hancock, J. T., & Slatcher, R. B. (2016). Online dating system design and relational decision making: Choice, algorithms, and control. Personal Relationships, 23(4), 645-662. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12158
Walther, J. B. (1996). Computer-Mediated Communication: Impersonal, Interpersonal, and Hyperpersonal Interaction. Communication Research, 23(1), 3-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365096023001001
Walther, J. B. (2007). Selective self-presentation in computer-mediated communication: Hyperpersonal dimensions of technology, language, and cognition. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(5), 2538-2557. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.05.002
Walther, J. B. (2011). Theories of computer-mediated communication and interpersonal relations. The handbook of interpersonal communication, 4, 443-479.
Walther, J. B., & Parks, M. R. (2002). Cues filtered out, cues fltered in: Computer-mediated communication and relationships.
Walther, J. B., Slovacek, C. L., & Tidwell, L. C. (2001). Is a picture worth a thousand words?: Photographic images in long-term and short-term computer-mediated communication. Communication Research, 28(1), 105-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365001028001004
Walther, J. B., & Whitty, M. T. (2020). Language, Psychology, and New New Media: The Hyperpersonal Model of Mediated Communication at Twenty-Five Years. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 40(1), 120-135. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X20967703
Ward, J. (2017). What are you doing on Tinder? Impression management on a matchmaking mobile app. Information, Communication & Society, 20(11), 1644-1659. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1252412
Weidman, A. C., Cheng, J. T., Chisholm, C., & Tracy, J. L. (2015). Is she the one? Personality judgments from online personal advertisements. Personal Relationships, 22(4), 591-603. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12097
West, R., & Turner, L. (2010). Introducing Communication Theory: Analysis and Application (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Wheeless, L. R. (1978). A follow-up study of the relationships among trust, disclosure, and interpersonal solidarity. Human Communication Research, 4(2), 143-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1978.tb00604.x
Wheeless, L. R., & Grotz, J. (1976). Conceptualization and measurement of reported self-disclosure. Human Communication Research, 2(4), 338-346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00494.x
Whitty, M. T. (2008). Revealing the ‘real’ me, searching for the ‘actual’ you: Presentations of self on an internet dating site. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(4), 1707-1723. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.07.002
Whitty, M. T. (2015). Mass-Marketing Fraud: A Growing Concern. IEEE Security & Privacy, 13(4), 84-87. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2015.85
Wu, S. (2020). Domesticating dating apps: Non-single Chinese gay men’s dating app use and negotiations of relational boundaries. Media, Culture & Society, 43(3), 515-531. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720974240
Zhao, P., & Kun, Y. (2022). “Not as attractive and communicatively competent as I expected”: The effects of expectancy violations on relational outcomes during modality switching in online dating. Computers in Human Behavior, 131, 107203. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107203
Zhou, Y. (2023). The Benefits and Dangers of Online Dating Apps. Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse, 15, 54-62. https://doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29872