跆拳道三百六十度跳後踢擊破動作之生物力學研究
摘 要
本研究目的是探討跆拳道三百六十度跳後踢擊破木板時，攻擊腳動力鏈的傳遞、重心位移、速度及地面反作用力之情形，並找出擊破與未擊破在運動學上的差異。八名四段以上之男性教練為研究對象(身高：175.75 ± 5.75 公分；體重： 75.00 ± 7.96 公斤；年齡：28.00 ± 4.24歲)。主要研究儀器包括十架Vicon攝影機(MX13+；250Hz)和兩塊測力板(Kistler；1000Hz)。由Nexus軟體擷取反光球與力板資料，經由MatLab運算運動學與動力學參數。受試者擊破一吋厚(2.54cm)木板五片，分析成功踢擊之次數。研究發現：(一) 角速度峰值出現的時序為膝、踝、髖；線速度峰值出現的時序為髖、踝、膝，並不符合遠端至近端之動力鏈。(二) 準備期至騰空踢擊期，重心左右方向位移的徧移量不大，由準備期至旋轉期，重心垂直方向位移的徧移量不大，表示身體是穩定的運動，重心速度峰值大多發生在起跳騰空動作至準備踢擊踢擊動作。(三)在轉軸腳的預備期與跨步期間，旋轉腳之水平地面反作用力穩定，顯示具支撐作用；在旋轉期，旋轉腳之水平地面反作用力出現峰值顯示具推蹬作用。轉軸腳的垂直地面反作用力在旋轉期產生的衝量顯示向上躍起的高度。(四) 擊破組的騰空踢擊期、擊破瞬間攻擊腳腳跟水平速度、髖之線速度、角速度與踝之線速度，皆顯著大於未擊破組。

關鍵詞：跆拳道、擊破、生物力學

Power Breaking Movement of 360° Jump Back Kick in Taekwondo
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic chain, displacement, velocity of center of gravity (CG) and ground reaction force (GRF) of attack leg with 360° jump back kick when breaking a board and to find the kinetic difference between breaking and not-breaking groups. Eight Taekwondo coaches (Height: 175.75 ± 5.75 cm; Weight: 75.00 ± 7.96 kg; Age: 28.00 ± 4.24 years) participated in this study. Each subject performed five 360° jump back kicks to break one inch board. The equipment included ten Vicon cameras (MS13+, 250Hz) and two Kistler force platforms (1000Hz). Kinematic and kinetic data were collected by Nexus software. All variables were calculated by custom written program of MatLab. The results indicated: (1) The sequence of angular velocity and velocity of knee, ankle then hip and hip, ankle then knee respectively showing the attack leg did not follow P-D sequnce. (2) Both the lateral displacement and vertical displacement had little change from prepare phase to kicking phase and from prepare phase to rotation phase respectively showing the body is stable in the 360° jump back kick movement. Most of the peak velocity of CG was found in the jumping movement to ready kick movement. The spring leg accounted for the support due to stable horizontal GRF (HGRF) during prepare and step phases, and provided the push-off function due to observed peak HGRF in rotation phase. The vertical GRF and impulse of axis leg in rotation phase shows jumping height. (4)The horizontal velocity of heel, hip and ankle velocity of breaking group were significant faster than those of not-breaking group (p<.05).
Key Words: Taekwondo, Breaking, Biomechanics

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