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研究生： 林庭綺
Lin, Ting-Chi
論文名稱： 以中文為母語的兒童對反身代名詞「自己」與複合反身代名詞「他自己」詮釋之實證研究
An Empirical Study of L1 Chinese Children's Interpretations of the Simplex Reflexive Ziji and the Complex Reflexive Taziji
指導教授： 陳純音
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 英語學系
Department of English
論文出版年： 2021
畢業學年度： 109
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 156
中文關鍵詞： 第一語言習得 、中文反身代名詞 、長距離約束 、阻斷效應 、動詞分類 、名詞顯著性 、語境效應
英文關鍵詞： first language acquisition, Chinese reflexives, long-distance binding, blocking effect, VP classification, NP prominence, contextual effect
DOI URL： http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202100105
論文種類： 學術論文
相關次數： 點閱：201  下載：16 
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    • 本研究旨在探討以中文為母語之兒童對於反身代名詞「自己」與複合反身代名詞「他自己」之詮釋與發展。主要的研究議題包括長距離約束、阻斷效應、動詞分類、名詞顯著性、年齡等因素是否影響兒童在反身代名詞以及複合反身代名詞上的理解。本研究採用是非判斷任務進行兩階段的詮釋測驗，分別讓受試者在有無語境提示下詮釋包含「自己」與「他自己」的句子。研究對象包含實驗組的六十位兒童，依其就讀年級分為三組：幼兒園大班、小學二年級、小學四年級，每組各二十人，以及對照組的二十位成人。本研究主要發現如下：
    一、三組兒童皆傾向對「自己」與「他自己」做長距離的詮釋。
    二、小四兒童始能察覺「自己」之阻斷效應，大班以及小二兒童則無此能力。在阻斷效應句中，三組兒童皆傾向對「他自己」做長距離的詮釋，顯示「他自己」並不受阻斷效應之影響。
    三、動詞類別會影響兒童對「自己」與「他自己」的詮釋。當動詞為自制動詞時，兒童傾向做短距離詮釋；動詞為他制動詞時，兒童傾向做長距離詮釋。
    四、名詞顯著性會影響兒童對「自己」與「他自己」的詮釋。兒童傾向選擇顯著的名詞，例如：帶有「施事」語義角色或是具有「生命性」的名詞，作為「自己」與「他自己」的先行詞。
    五、語境會影響兒童對「自己」與「他自己」的詮釋。在提供語境的測驗中，兒童對長距離詮釋的接受度明顯提高。

    The present study investigated Chinese-speaking children’s interpretations of the simplex reflexive ziji and the complex reflexive taziji. The main issues addressed in the present study included the effect of structural constraints (i.e., long-distance binding and blocking effect) and non-structural information (i.e., verbal classification and noun prominence) on the children's interpretations of ziji and taziji. Apart from these factors, contextual effect was also considered in the present study. A yes/no judgment task was designed to elicit the participants' interpretations of ziji and taziji. The participants were sixty Chinese-speaking children and they were divided into three experimental groups: G1 (kindergarteners aged five and six), G2 (second graders aged seven and eight), and G3 (fourth graders aged nine and ten). In addition, twenty Chinese-speaking adults were recruited as the control group. The major findings are summarized as follows:
    1. All the child groups preferred long-distance binding of ziji and taziji.
    2. The fourth graders, but not the kindergarteners and the second graders, perceived the blocking effect on ziji. All the child groups preferred long-distance binding of taziji in the blocking condition, indicating no blocking effect on taziji.
    3. Verb types influenced the children's interpretations of ziji and taziji. The children preferred the local interpretation with zizhi verbs while the long-distance interpretation with tazhi verbs.
    4. Noun prominence determined the children's interpretations of ziji and taziji. The children preferred an agent antecedent or animate antecedent for reflexives.
    5. Context affected the children's interpretations of ziji and taziji. When context was provided, more long-distance interpretations were elicited.

    Chinese Acknowledgment i Chinese Abstract ii English Abstract iii Table of Contents iv List of Tables vii List of Figures ix List of Abbreviations x Chapter One Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Research Questions 5 1.3 Significance of the Study 5 1.4 Organization of the Thesis 6 Chapter Two Literature Review 7 2.1 Previous Theoretical Studies of Ziji and Taziji 7 2.1.1 Long-distance Binding 8 2.1.2 Blocking Effect 14 2.1.3 VP Types 15 2.1.4 NP Prominence 18 2.1.5 Summary of the Previous Theoretical Studies 20 2.2 Previous Empirical Studies of Ziji and Taziji 21 2.2.1 Chien, Wexler & Chang (1993) 22 2.2.2 Su (2004) 25 2.2.3 Li & Kaiser (2009) 27 2.2.4 He & Kaiser (2016) 29 2.2.5 Chen (2018) 31 2.2.6 Summary of the Previous Empirical Studies 33 2.3 Summary of Chapter Two 36 Chapter Three Research Design 38 3.1 Participants 38 3.2 Materials and Methods 40 3.2.1 The Context-dependent Yes/No Judgment Task 44 3.2.2 The Context-independent Yes/No Judgment Task 46 3.3 Procedures 47 3.3.1 Pilot Study 47 3.3.2 Formal Study 48 3.3.3 Scoring and Data Analysis 50 3.4 Summary of Chapter Three 51 Chapter Four Results and Discussion 52 4.1 Long-distance Binding 52 4.1.1 Overall Findings 52 4.1.2 General Discussion 59 4.2 Blocking Effect 63 4.2.1 Overall Findings 64 4.2.2 General Discussion 66 4.3 VP Types 69 4.3.1 Overall Findings 69 4.3.2 General Discussion 73 4.4 NP Prominence 76 4.4.1 Overall Findings 76 4.4.2 General Discussion 81 4.5 Age Difference 84 4.6 Summary of Chapter Four 88 Chapter Five Conclusion 89 5.1 Summary of the Major Findings 89 5.2 Limitations of the Present Study and Suggestions for Future Research 91 Bibliography 94 Appendix A Test Items of the Context-dependent Task in the Formal Study 99 Appendix B Test Items of the Context-independent Task in the Formal Study 110 Appendix C Test Items of the Context-dependent Task in the Pilot Study 118 Appendix D Test Items of the Context-independent Task in the Pilot Study 141 Appendix E Consent Form 156

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