中文摘要
本研究之目的在較整體地探討心理治療者的反移情，包含心理治療者對反移情的定義與看法；反移情反應（情緒、認知、行為）、反移情反應對心理治療的影響、被個案觸發的材料、源於心理治療者本身的因素（來源）；心理治療者對反移情的處理；在處理過反移情後，對個案的心理治療效果及自我效能評估，以及對個人及專業工作的影響；心理治療者在處理反移情的經驗中，曾面臨的困境以及如何因應。綜合上述結果，期能增進對反移情的瞭解，以減少反移情所導致的負面影響。
在文獻方面，本研究探討了反移情的相關概念、理論及研究，以及有效處理反移情的相關因素與建議。在研究方法上，本研究採用質的研究取向之「深度訪談法」，邀請四位心理動力取向之心理治療者為受訪對象，蒐集其個人的反移情經驗，並以謄錄訪談逐字稿的方式整理訪談內容，以現象學取向的方法步驟進行資料分析與歸納；以描述文方式呈現各受訪者個人的反移情經驗，並綜合四位受訪者的反移情相關因素。
綜合資料分析的結果，本研究有如下的發現：
一、四位受訪者都一致認為反移情有部份是來自於治療者個人過去的經驗或未解決的衝突；而個案的移情或投射所引發的治療者的感受也算是反移情。
二、本研究發現受訪者都曾出現過正向感覺及負向感覺，然大部份的反移情感覺都是令人不舒服的負向感覺。當受訪者對個案有反移情時，曾出現「對個案的動力或狀態有所假設」、「對治療的企圖或想法」、「對治療關係的期待或評估」、「對個案的期待」、「對個案的評價」等看法。反移情行為有：「順應個案需求」、「情緒過度涉入」、「形成非治療關係」、「忽略個案」、「介入受限」等。
三、綜合整理受訪者對個案的反移情對治療的影響有：「結束治療關係」、「阻礙治療的有效進行」、「阻礙問題判斷的客觀性」、「無法準時結束」、「緊張的治療關係」、「形成非治療關係」、「藉以瞭解個案的動力」等。
四、個案觸發治療者反移情的因素有：「個案的行為模式與特質」、「個案的過去經驗」、「特殊事件」、「特殊議題」、「對治療進展的評估」、「對個案的知覺」、「個案的移情」等。源於受訪者個人的因素有「治療者個人的性格因素」、「治療者的自戀與自尊的受傷」、「治療者的價值觀」、「治療者的個人經驗」、「治療者的工作角色或工作經驗」、「治療者對治療效果的期待」、「特定的內容主題」，以及其他。
五、處理反移情的方式有：「設定、堅持清楚的治療結構」、「不斷的自我覺察與瞭解」、「治療者的專業能力」、「治療理念」、「專業倫理」、「自我接納」、「克制與暫擱置」、「自我強度」、「宗教的理解與慰藉」、「理智化」、「終止或結束治療關係」、「和同事討論」、「藉助於督導」、「個案討論會」以及「接受輔導」等。
六、在成功的處理反移情感覺後，會覺得治療效果與自我效能頗高，如：「肯定治療關係的意義」、「個案有長足的進步與改變」、「治療成功」；自我效能如：「欣賞自己」、「成就感、驕傲」、「更為成熟的治療者」、「信心」等等。
七、反移情的處理經驗對心理治療者而言都會有所學習，綜合歸納包括「對心理治療所持的態度與想法的轉變」、「因反移情的處理經驗而有許多的學習與省察」、「對個人的其他方面影響」等。
八、在處理反移情的經驗中，受訪者曾面臨過的困境包括「沒有督導的幫助」，因應方式為「向外尋求資源」、「靠自己慢慢的覺察與瞭解」；「新手時的困境」，因應則為「自省」、「經驗的增長」；「個人的衝突」，因應之道在「想法上的調適」、「回顧與整理自己」、「在治療架構中控制自己」；「倫理上的困難」，則「以尊重個案為原則」。
九、對新手心理治療者的建議
「自我省察」與「自我了解」是最重要的工作，其他還有「藉由讀書瞭解反移情」、「開放的態度」、「理論架構：瞭解人類心理的內在機轉」、「瞭解自己的內在需求」、「接受輔導」、「持續的自我省察」、「保持適當的心理距離與界限」等。
本研究也對於上述的結果做進一步的討論及綜合結論，並與近二年來其他類似的反移情質性研究在研究方法上做一比較，最後敘明本研究的限制，並對心理治療實務上及研究上提出建議。

A Study of Psychotherapists' Countertransference
Shu-chun Lin
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the psychotherapists' countertransference (CT) experience. Four psychotherapists with psychodynamic approach were interviewed .By using the depth interview of the qualitative research method , a semi-structured interview was conducted and used to collect data . These data include 1.CT reaction , 2.CT effect , 3.CT triggers , 4.CT origins , 5.CT management .
The findings are :
1. CT reaction includes CT feelings and CT behavior. CT feelings include (1)liking, (2)admiration, (3)pain, (4)regret, (5)fear, (6)inability, (7)guiltiness, (8)blame, (9)anger, and (10)others. CT behavior includes (1)complying with client's request, (2)emotional over-involvement, (3)forming a non-therapeutic relationship, and (4)neglecting client .
2. CT effect contains (1)immature termination, (2)blocking therapy effective progress, (3)blocking the objectivity while judging problems, (4)failure to end the session on time, (5)tense therapeutic relationship, and (6)understanding client's psychodynamic.
3. CT triggers contain (1)client's behavior pattern and traits, (2)client's past experience, (3)special events, (4)special issues, (5)the evaluation of the therapeutic progress, (6)therapist's perception of client, and (7)client's transference.
4. CT origins include (1)therapist's personality traits, (2)therapist's narcissitic injury, (3)therapist's value point of view, (4)therapist's personal experience, (5)therapist's expectation of therapeutic effect, and (6)specific issues.
5. CT management contains (1)setting clear therapeutic structure, (2)self-awareness and self-understanding, (3)professional ability, (4)self-acceptance, (5)abstinence, and (6)supervision.

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