本研究的目的在合成水溶性酚醛樹脂（SP），並做為混凝土添加劑。合成的方法是以甲醛、酚、亞硫酸氫鈉為反應物，氫氧化納為催化劑，經由加成、磺酸化、縮合、重組四步驟反應而得，並探討瓜的PH值、溫度、時間對SP性質的影響，同時以IR、NMR解其結構。最後將合成而得的SP配成水溶液並加入水泥漿體中，量測及分析其流動性、抗壓強度、孔隙度及微觀組織。
實驗結果顯示，加成反應和磺酸化反應需在強鹹（PH≧10）和80~100℃的溫度下分別進行20和60分鐘反應；縮合反應則在弱酸（PH=4~5）和50℃的溫度進行，需時約1.5hr；重組反應溫度維持在90~100℃，PH值則在7~9之間，反應時間1hr。由於磺酸化反應與縮合反應是相互競爭的，所以合成的SP之硫碳值（S/C）越大，其水溶液的沾度就越低。SP添加於水泥漿體後均能提高其流動性與抗壓強度。其中，以添加1wt%SP34水溶液的效果最佳，28天齡期的漿體抗壓強度為66Mpa，約為同齡期OPC的1.17倍。SP34的S/C值為0.348，已達磺酸化之極限。另外，經由晶相分析和孔隙度測試結果亦顯示添加SP34的水泥漿體較其它漿體為緻密。

The sulfonated phenol-fonmadelyde resin (SP) was synthesized and used as a chemical admixure of cement mortar. Experimentally, SP was made from formadelyde, phenol and sodium bisulfite as reactants and sodium hydroxide as catalyst, trough four reaction steps, namely addition, sulfonation, condensation and rearrangment. The structure of synthesized SP was conformed and deterimined by IR and NMR spectra. The influence of reaction conditions (i.e. temperatue. pH value and time) on the properties of synthesized SP products were examined. Different SP resins were added into cement mortar. The properties such as flowability, Compressive strenght, proe size and microstructure of the resulting materials were then measured and analyzed.
The results indicate that both the addition and sulfonation reactions should be controlled under strong base conditions with PH≧10, temperature of 80~100℃, and time of 20~60 minutes. The condensation reaction step was about 1.5 hr under weak acid state with PH=4~5, and temperature of 50℃. The rearrangment reaction was maintained at the temperature of 90~100℃, PH=7~9, and 1hr reaction time. the higher the sulfur/carbon ratio of SP is, the lower the viscosity of SP aqueous solution. The lower the viscosity of SP aqueous solution. The mortar with the addition of 1wt% SP34 solution shows the best effect. The compressive strength of SP34 added specimens after 28 days cured was 66 Mpa, which is about 1.17 times of that of ordinary cement mortar. The sulfur/carbon ratio of SP34 is 0.348, which is the limit of sulfonation. The added SP34 specimen appeared to be more densified than the others through SEM observations as well as mercury intrusion penetration measurments.