身體活動量是影響睡眠品質的重要因子，一般大眾和臨床認為適度運動有助於預防和改善睡眠問題，許多探討運動與睡眠關係的文章，卻獲得了不一致的結果。本文以16名高中游泳運動員為研究對象，並隨機選取同校一般同學30名為對照，以一個完整的訓練週期為觀察時間，分別於季外訓練期、加強期、高峰期、遞減期取樣，收集其身體活動量、運動訓練量與睡眠品質資料，探討身體活動量與運動訓練量對於受試者睡眠品質及七要素之相關與差異情形。研究結果發現，不同訓練階段受試者身體活動量無顯著差異，但運動組的平均睡眠品質狀況優於控制組。運動組四期的睡眠品質總分、運動訓練量、平均心跳率、平均速度、訓練距離、訓練時間達顯著差異。
受試者身體活動量與匹茲堡睡眠品質總分並無明顯相關；運動組平均心跳率與睡眠品質有明顯負面相關；加強期、高峰期、遞減期的訓練距離、訓練分鐘與睡眠品質總分皆顯著地高於季外訓練期，顯示運動訓練量增大時，睡眠品質有變差的趨勢。
本研究結果顯示體適能良好或有運動習慣者睡眠品質較佳，但運動訓練之訓練強度與競技運動員睡眠品質有負面相關，在訓練處方的設計及過度訓練臨界值界定的相關研究上具有參考價值。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activities and sleep quality of senior high school swimming athletes. The duration of this study was four months including four periods. We examined physiological and sleep change in swimmers during a whole swimming training term; that is, in non-training period, at the onset of training, at the peak of training, and after a reduction in training before competitions. Additionally, the difference of the sleep quality among sixteen swimming athletes and thirty randomly selected students was compared. Both groups of the students in Sung-shan Senior High School in Taipei City were asked to fill out the designed questionnaires. The data including the total amount of physical activity, exercise training, volume of training, intensity of training and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) of each item listed above was assessed. The data analysis and the result were followed.
There was no significant relationship between the PSQI and the total amount of physical activity during the four periods. However, a significant difference in PSQI existed in the exercise training, volume of training, intensity of training.
Moreover, there was no correlated variable between the total amount of physical activity and sleep quality. However, each one of exercise training, volume of training, intensity of training existed negative correlated variables to sleep quality, which meant that acute and chronic exercise tends to harm the sleep quality of swimming athletes.
This study also showed that the athletes’ fitness and regular exercise benefited sleep quality. As a result, this study provides swimming coaches with information on how to make training plans and how to avoid harm to the sleep quality of athletes.

一.中文及日文部分
丁廣祥、張民基，1992，睡眠有關的運動異常疾病，國防醫學，15（3），218-222。
方進隆，1992，運動與健康，臺北市：漢文書店。
方進隆，1993，健康體能的理論與實際，臺北市：漢文書店。
方進隆，1994，體適能的回顧與前瞻，海峽兩岸學校體育學術研討會論文集，臺北市：臺灣師大學校體育研究與發展中心，237-248。
王學中，1996，不同年齡層慢跑者無規律運動者體適能之比較研究，國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。
朱嘉華，1998，國小教師身體活動與睡眠品質之相關研究，國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。
朱嘉華，2001，運動與褪黑激素，中華體育季刊，57，85-93。
吳慧君，1999，運動能力的生理學評定，臺北市：師大書苑。
李宇宙，2000，睡眠醫學，臺北市：健康世界雜誌社。
李欣穎，2001，成年人健康體適能與下背痛之相關研究，國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。
李彩華，1998，臺北市國中生身體活動量及其影響因素研究，臺灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。
卓俊辰，1986，體適能—健身運動處方的理論與實際，臺北市：國立臺灣師範大學體育學會。
周翌、何立民，1996，神奇的褪黑激素，臺北市：方智出版社。
林文郎，2000，運動訓練管理與策略，運動訓練法，119-130，臺北市：中華民國體育學會。
林世昌，2000，不同太極拳齡中老年人健康狀況比較研究，國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。
林正常，1987，運動生理學，臺北市：師大書苑。
林正常，1989，運動科學與訓練—運動教練手冊（增訂版），健行文化出版公司。
林貴福、盧淑雲，1998，認識健康體能，臺北市：師大書苑。
柿木昇治、山崎勝男、藤澤清編，1997，新生理心理学，京都：北大路書房。
洪祖培、林克明，1984，睡眠及其障礙，臺北市：水牛出版社。
洪祖培、邱浩彰，1983，探索心靈的奧秘—認識你的頭腦，臺北市：健康世界雜誌社。
唐一寧譯，1998，遽增的睡眠問題，牛頓雜誌，187，82-87。
孫志輝，2000，臺北市立松山高級中學八十九學年度游泳隊訓練實施計劃，未發表。
徐台閩，1998，高強度耐力運動訓練對免疫功能的影響，國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所博士論文。
茨城大学健康スポ－ツ教育研究會，1999，健康スポ－ツの科学，大修館書局。
張東君譯，1999，人類的睡眠問題，牛頓雜誌，189，121-125。
張春興，1992，現代心理學，臺北市：東華書局。
莫金玉，1997，一般樓梯登階運動之運動強度探討，臺灣體育，91，79-84。
陳怡舟，2000，耐力運動對脂肪代謝之影響，中華體育季刊，54，102-109。
陳美妃、王秀紅，1995，高雄市老年婦女睡眠品質及其相關因素，護理研究，3（4），323-334。
陳揚燕，1996，大學新生睡眠品質與飲食因子之關係探討，國防醫學院公共衛生研究所公共衛生營養組碩士論文。
彭英毅、范永達、林茂村譯，1985，醫學顧問大全，臺北市：徐氏基金會。
黃彬彬，1995，臺階上下運動的運動強度及訓練效果的探討，中華民國大專院校八十四學年度體育學術研討會專刊，367-378。
黃漢年、孫美蓮、張家銘，1998，跆拳道比賽時身體活動量及運動強度之基本研究，原載於大專體育雙月刊，37，引自黃漢年編體育課身體活動量研究集，47-60。
黃漢年、張宏明，1998，德明商專體育課身體活動量及能量消耗之估算--有關記步器與REP之使用，原載於銘傳學刊，9（1），引自黃漢年編體育課身體活動量研究集，31-46。
楊昌斌，2001，身體活動對預防動脈粥狀硬化的探討，中華體育季刊，59，16-23。
楊鴻儒編譯，1991，失眠知多少，臺北市：書泉出版社。
過家興，1998，運動訓練學文集，臺北市：中國文化大學出版部。
鄒秀菊，1994，敬老院老人睡眠品質與健康狀況之探討，國防醫學院護理研究所碩士論文。
蔡玲玲，2001，國立中正大學心理系睡眠實驗室網頁，http://psyultra.psy.ccu.edu.tw/sleep/。
薄夢鈴，1999，睡眠障礙知多少，常春月刊，196，26-50。
謝文順，2001，身體活動與睡眠品質的關係，中華體育季刊，56，97-106。
謝丞韋，1997，身體活動能量自我評估法之效度研究，國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。
謝秀芳，1997，運動訓練質與量的研究方法，國民體育季刊，26（4），71-77。
藤本憲幸（東正德譯），1996，有效睡眠法，臺北市：遠流出版公司。
Bompa, T.O.（林正常等譯），2001，運動訓練法，臺北市：藝軒出版社。
Bourke, D. H.（張美惠、葉翠雰、陳泰滄譯），1992，睡眠管理手冊，臺北市：月旦出版社。
Getchell, Bud（黃永任、鄭志富譯），1986，身體適應能力，臺北市：中華民國大專院校體育總會。
Maas, J.B.（張圓笙譯），1999，睡出活力，臺北市：創意力出版公司。

二.英文部分
Adamson, L., Hunter W.M., Ogunremi, O.O., Oswald, K. & Percy-Robb, I.W., 1974, Growgh hormone increase during sleep after daytime exercise, Journal Endocrinm, 62, 473-478.
Anch, A.M., Brownman, C.P., Mitler, M.M. & Walsh, J.K., 1988, Sleep: A Scientific Perspective, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Baekeland F., 1970, Exercise deprivation—sleep and psychological reaction, Arch Gen Psychiat, 365-369.
Baekeland, F. & Lasky, R, 1966, Exercise and sleep in college athletes, Percept. Mot. Skills, 22, 1203-1207.
Benca, R.M., Obermeyer, W.H., Thisted, R.A., & Gillin, J.C., 1992, Sleep and psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 49, 651-668.
Bonegio, R.G.B., Driver,H.S., King,L.M., Laburn,H.P. & Shapiro, C.M., Circadian temperature rhythm blunting and sleep composition, Acta Physiological Scandinavica, 133（suppl.574）, 44-47.
Borbely, A.A. & Achermann, P., 1999, Sleep Homeostasis And Models Of Sleep Regulation, Journal Of Biological Rhythms, 14（6）, 557-569.
Brassington, G.S. & Hicks, R.A., 1995, Aerobic exercise and self-reported sleep quality in elderly individuals, Journal Of Aging And Physical Activity, 3, 120-134.
Brownman, C.P., 1980, Sleep following sustained exercise, Psychophysiology, 17（6）, 577-580.
Buguet, A., Roussel, B., Angus, R., Sabiston, B. & Radomski, M., 1980, Human sleep and adrenal individual reactions to exercise, Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol, 49, 515-523.
Buysse, D.J., ReynoldsⅢ, C.F., Monk, T.H., Berman, S.R. & Kupfer, D.J., 1989, The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research, Psychiatry Research, 28, 193-213.
Buysse, D.J., ReynoldsⅢ, C.F., Monk, T.H., Monk, C.F., Hoch, C.C., Yeager, A.L. & Kupfer, D.J., 1991, Quantification of subjective sleep quality in healthy elderly men and women using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）, Sleep, 14（4）, 331-338.
Chambers, M.J., 1991, Exercise: A prescription for a good night’s sleep? The Physician And Sportmedicine, 19（8）, 106-116.
Morin, C.M. & Gramling, S.E., 1989, Sleep patterns and aging: comparison of older adults with and without insomnia complaints, Psychology And Aging, 4（3）, 290-294.
Coleman, R.M., Miles, L.E., Guilleminault, C.C., Zarcone, V.P., Hoed, J. & Dement, W.C., 1981, Sleep-wake disorders in the elderly: a polysomnographic analysis, Journal Of American Geriatric Society, 7, 289-296.
Curless, R., French, J.M., James, O.F.M. & Wynne, H.A., 1993, Is caffine a factor in subjective insomnia of elderly people, Age And Aging, 22, 41-45.
Driver, H.S., Rogers, G.G., Mithchell, D., Borrow,S.J. , Allen,M., Luu,H.G. & Shapiro,C.M., 1994, Prolonged endurance exercise and sleep disruption , Medicine And Science In Sports Exercise, 26（7）, 903-907.
Driver, H.S., Meintjes, A.F., Rogers, G.G. & Shapiro, C.M., 1988, Submaximal exercise effects on sleep pattern in young women before and an aerobic programme, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 133（suppl.574）, 8-13.
Ford, D.E. & Kamerow, D.B., 1989, Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders, The Journal Of The American Medical Association, 262, 1479-1484.
Getchell, B., 1992, Physical Fitness: A Way Of Life, New York: Macmillan.
Gislason, H. & Almovist, M., 1987, Somatic diseases and sleep complains, Acta Med Scand, 221, 475-481.
Gislason, T., Reynisdottir, H., Kristbjarnarson, H., & Benediktsdottir, B., 1993, Sleep habits and sleep disturbance among the elderly: an epidemiological survey, Journal Of Internal Medicine, 234（1）, 31-39.
Griffin, S.L., & Trinder, J., 1978, Physical fitness exercise and human sleep, Psychophysiology, 15, 447-450.
Hasan, J., Urponen, H., Vuori, I. & Partinen, M., 1988 , Exercise habits and sleep in a middle-aged Finnish population, Acta Physiological Scandinavica, 133（suppl：574）, 34-35.
Horne, J.A. & Staff, L.H.E., 1983, Exercise and sleep: body-heating effects, Sleep, 6, 36-46.
Horne, J.A., 1981, The effects exercise upon sleep: a critical review, Biological Psychology, 12（4）, 241-290.
Huffman, G.B., 1997, Exercise and improvement of sleep quality in older adults, American Family Physician, 56（1）, 274.
Kales, A. & Kales, J.D., 1974, Sleep Disorders: recent findings in the diagnosis and treatment of disturbed sleep, New England Journal Of Medicine, 290, 487-491.
Karacan, I., Thornby, J.I. & Williams, R.L., 1983, Sleep disturbance: a community survey, Sleep/Wake Disorders: Natural History, Epidemiology, And Long-term Evolution, 37-60, New York: Raven Press.
King, A.C., Oman, R.E., Brassington, G.S., Bliwise, D.L. & Haskell, W.L., 1997, Moderate-intensity exercise and self-rated quality of sleep in older adults—A randomized controlled trial, The Journal Of The American Medical Association, 277（1）, 32-37.
Kubitz, K. A., Landers, D.M., Petruzzello,S. J. & Han, M., 1996, The effect of acute and chronic exercise on sleep—a meta-analytic review, Sports Medicine, 21（4）, 277-291.
McArdle, William D., Katch,Frank I. & Katch, Victor L., 1991, Exercise Physiology, Pennsylvania: Lea & Febiger.
McGhie, A. & Russeil, S.M., 1962, The subjective assessment of normal sleep patterns, Journal of Mental Science, 108, 642-654.
Middelkoop, H.A., Smilde-van den Doel, D.A., Neven, A. K., Kamphuisen, H.A. & Springer, C.P., 1996, Subjective sleep characteristics of 1485 males and females aged 50-93: effects of sex and age, and factors related to self-evaluate quality of sleep, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 51（3）, M108-M115.
Montgomery, I., Trinder, J. & Paxton, S., 1982, Energy expenditure and total sleep time: effect of physical exercise, Sleep, 5, 159-168.
Montgomery, I., Trinder, J., Paxton, S., Harris, D., Fraser, G. & Colrain, I., 1988, Physical exercise and sleep : the effects of the age and sex of the subjects and type of exercise. Acta Physiological Scandinavica, 133（suppl.574）, 36-40.
Morgan, Kevin, 1987, Sleep And Aging: A Research-based Guide To Sleep In Later Life, Great Britain: London.
Morin, C. M., & Gramling, S. E., 1989, Sleep patterns and aging: comparison of older adults with and without insomnia complaints. Psychology And Aging, 4(3), 290-294.
Mujika, j., Chatard, C. & Ceyssant, A., 1996, Effects of training and taper on blood leucocyte populations in competitive swimmers, Journal Sports Medicine, 17, 213-217.
National Sleep Foundation（NSF）, 1998, 1998 Women and sleep poll（wsp）, www.sleepfoundation.org.
National Sleep Foundation, 2000, Adolescent sleep needs and patterns, www.sleepfoundation.org.
National Sleep Foundation, 2001, 2001 Sleep in america poll, www.sleepfoundation.org.
Nieman, D.C., 1997, The Exercise-Health Connection , United States: Human Kinetics.
O’Connor, P.J. & Youngstedt, S.D., 1995, Influence of exercise on human sleep , Exercise And Sport Sciences Reviews, 23, 105-134.
Reilly, T., Atkinson,G., & Waterhouse,J., 1997, Biological Rhythms And Exercise, New York: Oxford University Press Inc..
Robert, K. & Cooper, P., 1989, Health & Fitness Excellence, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Roehrs, T. & Roth, T., 2001, Sleep, sleepiness, and alcohol use, Alcohol Res Health, 25(2), 101-109.
Ryback, R.S. & Lewis, O.F., 1971, Effects of Prolonged bed rest on EEG sleep patterns in young, healthy volunteers, Electroencept Clin Neurophysiol, 31, 395-399.
Sallis, J.F., Haskell, W.I., Wood, S.P., Fortmann, S.P. & Rogers, T., 1985, Physical activity assessment methodology in the five-city project, American Journal Of Epidemiology, 121, 91-102.
Shapiro, C.M. & Bachmayer, D., 1988, Epidemiological aspects of sleep in general public and hospital outpatient samples, Acta Physiological Scandinavica, 133（suppl.574）, 41-43.
Shapiro, C.M., 1981, Sleep and the athlete, BritishJournal Of Sports Medicine, 15(1), 51-55.
Shapiro, C.M., Griesel, R.D., Mace, J.W., Gotlin, R.W. & Johnson, L.C., 1975, Sleep patterns after graded exercise, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 39（2）, 187-190.
Shapiro, C.M., Warren, P.M., Trinder, J. et al., 1984, Fitness facilitates sleep, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 53, 1-4.
Shephard, R.J., & Shek, D.N., 1996, Interactions between sleep, other body rhythms, immune responses, and exercise, Canada Journal Of Applied Physiology, 22（2）, 95-116.
Stanford, C.A., 1994, Can Regular Physical Activity Improve Quality Of Sleep In Older Adults？Stanford Center for Research in Disease Preverntion.
Taylor, C.B., Coffey, T., Berra, K., Laffaldano, R., Casey, K. & Haskell, W.L., 1984, Seven-day activity and self-report compared to a direct measure of physical activity, American Journal Of Epidemiology, 120, 818-824.
Taylor, S.R., Rogers, G.G. & Driver, H.S., 1997, Effects of training volume on sleep, psychological, and selected physiological profiles of elite female swimmers, Medicine And Science In Sports And Exercise, 29（5）, 688-693.
Torsvall, L., 1981a, Catecholamines, and subjective ratings of sleep after different degrees of daytime exercise: a pilot study with two fit subjects, Clinical Stress Research, 146.
Torsvall, L., 1981b, Sleep after exericise: A literature review, Journal Of Sports Medicine, 21, 218-225.
Trinder, J., Montgomery, I. & Paxton, S.J., 1988, The effect of exercise on sleep: the negative view, Acta Physiololgica Scandinavica（133：suppl.574）, 14-20.
Trinder, J., Paxton,S.J., Montgomery,I. & Fraser,G., 1985, Endurance as opposed to power training: their effect on sleep, Psychophysiol, 22, 668-673.
Trinder, J., Stevenson, J., Paxton, S.J. & Montgomery, I., 1982, Physical fitness, exercise, and REM sleep cycle length, Psychophysiol, 19, 89-93.
Trockel, M.T., Barnes, M.D. & Egget, D.L., 2000, Health-related variables and academic performance among first-year college students: implications for sleep and other behaviors, Journal Of American College Health, 49（3）, 125-131.
U.S.Department of Health and Human Service, 1996, Physical Activity And Health: A Report Of The Surgeon General, Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
Vuori, I., Urponen, H., Hasan, J. & Partinen, M., 1988, Epidemiology of exercise effects on sleep, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 133（suppl.574）, 3-7.
Walker, J.M., Floyd, T.C., Fein, G., Cavness, C., Lualhati, R. & Feinberg, I., 1978, Effects of exercise on sleep, Journal Physiol, 44（6）, 945-951.
Walter, P.H., 2000, Sleep facts, ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal, 4（6）, 17-19.
Webb, W.B., 1979, Theories of sleep functions and some clinical implications, The Functions Of Sleep, New York: Academic Press.
Webb, W.B. & Agnew, H.W.Jr., 1970 , Sleep stage characteristics of long and short sleepers, Science, 168, 146-147.
Werth, E., Dijk, D.J., Achermann, P. & Borbely, A.A., 1996, Dymanics of the sleep EEG after an early evevening nap：experimental data and simulations, American Journal Of Physiology, 271, 501-510.
Youngstedt, S.D., Kripke, D.F., Elliott, J.A., 1999, Is sleep disurbed by vigorous late-night exercise? Medicine & Science In Sports & Exercise, 31（6）, 864-869.