簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 李珣
Hsun Lee
論文名稱: 利用毛細管紫外光/螢光電泳及紙噴灑技術對六種鹵化安非他命狡詐家濫用藥物的分析研究
Determination of Six Halogen Amphetamines Designer Drugs by Capillary Electrophoresis Ultraviolet Absorbance/Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Paper Spray
指導教授: 林震煌
Lin, Cheng-Huang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 化學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年: 2012
畢業學年度: 100
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 120
中文關鍵詞: 紙噴灑質譜法毛細管電泳氯安非他命氟安非他命
英文關鍵詞: paper spray-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, chloroamphetamine, fluoroamphetamine
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:83下載:2
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 為了規避法律的規範,近幾年來許多毒犯會合成一系列安非他命的衍生物在街頭販售,使得濫用藥物氾濫的情形愈趨嚴重。本篇研究選用鄰、間、對-氯安非他命和鄰、間、對-氟安非他命這六種安非他命濫用藥物當待測樣品。
    首先利用毛細管紫外光電泳結合線上掃集濃縮技術,偵測分離六種鹵化安非他命的混合溶液。並利用毛細管螢光電泳偵測安非他命衍生後的唾液真實樣品,衍生方法採取一般暗處靜置衍生和微波加熱衍生兩種方法。由於對-氯安非他命在 2011 年被歸列為第三級毒品,利用筆尖紙噴灑質譜技術(novel nib-assisted paper spray-mass spectrometry, NAPS-MS)以對-氯安非他命當樣品做偵測,分別偵測了標準品以及唾液真實樣品。實驗中有比較四種紙噴灑的材質對於對-氯安非他命的偵測極限,由結果發現,紙噴灑的技術對於安非他命濫用藥物的偵測極限可達 0.1 mg/L 以下。

    Substitutions to the amphetamine molecule give rise to a group of derivatives, and, as a result, a number of illegal, amphetamine-like drugs are produced in underground labs for sale on the street. In this study, we selected o-, m-, p-chloro- and o-, m-, p-fluoro-amphetamines as model compounds. Optimal conditions for the separation and detection of a mixture of six halogen amphetamines are described, by the use of capillary electrophoresis ultraviolet absorbance in conjunction with online sample concentration techniques. And the six designer drugs in a
    human saliva are also separated by use of the capillary electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence. The results obtained by the microwave assisted fluorescent labeling method was compared and discussed to regular analytical method. In Taiwan, p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) was permanently placed in Schedule III in 2011. A method for the rapid screening and determination of PCA in saliva by a novel nib-assisted paper spray-mass spectrometry (NAPS-MS) procedure is described. The detection limits and precision of PCA by use four of the paper spray materials are discussed and the complete data are reported herein. Under
    optimized conditions, the limit of detections (LODs) for amphetamine derivatives were determined to 0.1 µg/mL by the NAPS-MS method.

    中文摘要 .................... I 英文摘要 .................... II 目錄 ........................ III 圖目錄 ...................... VI 表目錄 ...................... VIII 第一章 緒論 ..................................... 1 1-1 研究目的 .................................... 1 1-2 研究介紹 .................................... 2 1-3 分析物簡介 .................................. 3 第二章 分析方法及原理 ........................... 7 2-1 毛細管電泳分析法之發展 ...................... 7 2-2 毛細管電泳分離模式........................... 8 2-2-1 毛細管區帶電泳(Capillary zone electrophoresis, CZE) ............................................ 9 2-2-2 微胞電動層析法(Micellar electrokinetic chromatogray, MEKC).............................. 10 2-2-3 毛細管電泳線上掃集法(sweeping)........... 11 2-2-4 毛細管電泳線上堆積法(stacking)........... 12 2-3 液相層析電噴灑串聯式質譜儀 LCQMS............. 13 2-3-1 電噴灑離子化 (ESI) 發展歷史 ............. 14 2-3-2 電噴灑游離 (ESI) 中離子形成機制 ......... 15 2-3-3 離子阱質量分析器簡介 ...................... 17 2-3-4 質量偵測器 ................................ 18 第三章 儀器、藥品與實驗方法...................... 19 3-1 毛細管電泳/紫外光分析儀 (CE-UV) ............ 19 3-2 自組式毛細管電泳/雷射誘導螢光分析儀 (CE-LIF)..23 3-3 液相層析串聯質譜儀 (LCQ) ................... 26 3-4 儀器及周邊設備列表 .......................... 28 3-5 藥品列表 .................................... 33 3-6 FITC 衍生物製備............................... 36 3-7 唾液真實樣品前處理 .......................... 37 第四章 結果與討論................................ 38 Part I. 以毛細管紫外光電泳儀偵測氯、氟安非他命 4-1 氯、氟安非他命吸收光譜量測 .................. 38 4-2 毛細管區帶電泳(CZE)條件確立 ................. 40 4-3 以電動進樣方法偵測氟、氯安非他命 ............ 43 4-4 毛細管微胞電動層析(MEKC)及線上掃集濃縮(sweeping-MEKC) 電泳條件探討 ..................................... 49 4-5 最佳化 MEKC 電泳條件確立 .................... 49 4-6 最佳化 sweeping-MEKC 電泳條件確立 ........... 51 Part II. 以毛細管螢光電泳儀偵測氯、氟安非他命 4-7 氯、氟安非他命衍生後螢光光譜量測 ............ 54 4-8 衍生試劑 FITC 反應之探討 .................... 56 4-9 使用光電倍增管偵測分析物產生的螢光 .......... 59 4-10 使用 CCD 偵測分析物產生的螢光 .............. 62 4-11 真實樣品 ................................... 65 Part III. 以 Paper spray 技術偵測氯、氟安非他命 4-12 標準品的偵測 ............................... 68 4-13 尖端不同角度對於訊號強度的影響 ............. 72 4-14 不同材質的比較 ............................. 75 4-15 真實樣品偵測 ............................... 77 第五章 結論 ..................................... 79 參考文獻 ......................................... 80 論文發表 ......................................... 85 附錄

    [1] T. Ishida, K. Kudo, A. Kiyoshima, H. Inoue, A. Tsuji, N. Ikeda, J. Chromatogr. B 823 (2005) 47.
    [2] R. Kikura-Hanajiri, M. Hayashi, K. Saisho, Y. Goda, J. Chromatogr. B 825 (2005) 29.
    [3] J. M. Wilson, F. McGeorge, S. Smolinske, R. Meatherall, Forensic Sci. Int. 148 (2005) 31.
    [4] M. Takahashi, M. Nagashima, J. Suzuki, T. Seto, I. Yasuda, T. Yoshida, J. Health Sci. 54 (2008) 89.
    [5] T. Kanamori, M. Nagashima, J. Suzuki, T. Seto, I. Yasuda, T. Sci. Int. 148 (2005) 31.
    [6] T. Kamata, M. Katagi, H. Kamata, A. Miki, N. Shima, K. Zaitsu, M. Nishikawa, H. Tsuchihashi, J. Health Sci. 53 (2007) 585.
    [7] S. D. Brandt, D. Mansell, S. Freeman, I.A. Fleet, J. F. Alder, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 41 (2006) 872.
    [8] T. Kamata, M. Katagi, H. Tsuchihashi, Forensic Toxicol. 28 (2010) 1.
    [9] E. Tanaka, T. Kamata, M. Katagi, H. Tsuchihashi, K. Honda, Forensic Sci. Int. 163 (2006) 152.
    [10]S. Laks, A. Pelander, E. Vuori, E. Ali-Tolppa, E. Sippola, I. Ojanpera, Anal. Chem. 76 (2004) 7375.
    [11] A. Numan, N. D. Danielson, Anal. Chem. Acta 460 (2002) 49.
    [12] S. D. Brandt, S. Freeman, I. A. Fleet, P. McGaph, J. F. Alder, Analyst 130 (2005) 330.
    [13] H. H. Maurer, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 381 (2005) 110.
    [14] M. Concheiro, A. de Castro, Ó . Quintela, A. Cruz, M.
    López-Rivadulla, Forensic Sci. Int. 170 (2007) 156.
    [15] M. Concheiro, A. de Castro, Ó . Quintela, A. Cruz, M.
    López-Rivadulla, Forensic Sci. Int. 150 (2005) 221.
    [16] E. L. Ø iestad, U. Johansen, A. S. Christophersen, Clinical Chemistry 53 (2007) 300.
    [17] E. Dziurkowska, M. Wesolowski, Chromatographia 70 (2009) 769.
    [18] F. Kohlrausch, Ann. Phys. Chem. 62 (1897) 209.
    [19] A. Tiselius, Trans. Faraday Soc. 33 (1937) 524.
    [20] S. Hjerten, Chromatogr. Rev. 9 (1967) 122.
    [21] R. Virtanen, Acta Polytechnica Scand. Chem. 123 (1974) 1.
    [22] J. W. Jorgenson, K. D. Lukacs, J. Chromatogr. 218 (1981) 209.
    [23] J. W. Jorgenson, K. D. Lukacs, Anal. Chem. 53 (1981) 1298.
    [24] S. Terabe, K. Otsuka, K. Ichikawa, A. Tsuchiya, T. Ando, Anal. Chem. 56 (1984) 111.
    [25] S. Hjerten, M. D. Zhu, J. Chromatogr. 346 (1985) 265.
    [26] S. Hjerten, J. L. Liao, K. Yao, J. Chromatogr. 387 (1987) 127.
    [27] A. S. Cohen, B. L. Karger, J. Chromatogr. 397 (1987) 409.
    [28] M. M. Dittmann, G. P. Rozing, J. Chromatogr. A 744 (1996) 63.
    [29] C. Yan, R. Dadoo, R. N. Zare, D. J. Rakestraw, D. S. Anex, Anal. Chem. 68 (1996) 2726.
    [30] D. N. Heiger, Hewlett-Packard Company Publication Number 12-5091-6199E.
    [31] H. Z. Helmholtz, Annal. Phys. Chem. 7 (1879) 337.
    [32] D. N. Heiger, High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis - An Introduction, 1992, 2nd edition.
    [33] J.W. Joegenson, K. D. Lukacs, J. Chromatogr. 218 (1981) 209.
    [34] J.W. Joegenson, K. D. Lukacs, Anal. Chem. 53 (1981) 1298.
    [35]K. Otsuka, K. Ichikawa, A. Tsuchiya, T. Ando, Anal. Chem. 56 (1984) 111.
    [36] S. Terabe, K. Otsuka, T. Ando, Anal. Chem. 57 (1985) 834.
    [37] K. H. Row, W. H. Griest, M. P. Maskarienc, J. Chromatogr. 409 (1987) 193.
    [38] A. Cohen, B. L. Karger, J. Chromatogr. 397 (1987) 409.
    [39] S. Hjerten, M. D. Zhu, J. Chromatogr. 346 (1985) 265.
    [40] S. Hjerten, J. L. Liao, K. Yao, J. Chromatogr. 387 (1987) 127.
    [41] S. Hjerten, K. Elenbring, F. Kilar, J. Liao, A. J. C. Chen, C. J. Siebert, M. Zhu, J. Chromatogr. 403 (1987) 47.
    [42] F. Foret, E. Szoko, B. L. Karger, J. Chromatogr. 608 (1992) 3.
    [43] C. Schwer, F. Lottspeich, J. Chromatogr. 623 (1992) 345.
    [44] M. Mazereeuw, U. R. Tjaden, N. J. Reinhoud, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 33 (1995) 686.
    [45] X. Huang, R. N. Zare, Anal. Chem. 63 (1991) 2193.
    [46] R. D. Holland, M. J. Sepaniak, Anal. Chem. 65 (1993) 1140.
    [47] X. Huang, M. J. Gordon, R. N. Zare, Anal. Chem. 60 (1993) 375.
    [48] R. T. Kennedy, J. W. Gorgenson, Anal. Chem. 61 (1989) 1128.
    [49] D. N. Heiger, Hewlett-Packard Company Publication Number 12-5091-6199E.
    [50] H. Z. Helmholtz, Anal. Phys. Chem. 7 (1897) 337.
    [51] B. Krattiger, G. J. M. Bruin, A. E. Bruin, Anal. Chem. 66 (1994) 1.
    [52] M. Stefansson, M. Novotny, Anal. Chem. 66 (1994) 1134.
    [53] Y. Kim, M.D. Morris, Anal. Chem. 66 (1994) 1168.
    [54] Z. Zhzo, A. Malik, M. L. Lee, Anal. Chem. 65 (1994) 2747.
    [55] R. L. Chien, M. G. Khaledi, High Performance Capillary
    Electrophoresis, Chapter 13, CRC Press, 1998.
    [56] Z. Liu, P. Sam, S. R. Sirimanne, P. C. McClure, J. Grainger, D. G. Patterson, J. Chromatogr. A 673 (1994) 125.
    [57]S.Terabe, K. Otsuka, K. Ichikawa, A. Tsuchiya, T. Ando, Anal. Chem. 56 (1984) 111.
    [58] K. R. Nielson, J. P. Foley, J. Chromatogr. A 686 (1994) 283.
    [59] J. P. Quirino, S. Terabe, J. Chromatogr. A 781 (1997) 119.
    [60] C. X. Zhang, W. Thormann, Anal. Chem. 70 (1998) 540
    [61] Z. K. Shihabi, J. Chromatogr. A 817 (1998) 25.
    [62] J. Palmer, N. J. Munro, J. P. Landers, Anal. Chem. 71 (1999), 1679.
    [63] J. P. Quirino, S. Terabe, Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) 1023.
    [64] O. Nunez, J. B. Kim, E. Moyano, M. T. Galceran, S. Terabe, J. Chromatogr. A 961 (2002) 65.
    [65] J. B. Kim, K. Otsuka, S. Terabe, J. Chromatogr. A 932 (2001) 129.
    [66] L. Zhu, C. Tu, H. K. Lee, Anal. Chem. 74 (2002) 5820.
    [67] C. H. Lin, T. Kaneta, Electrophoresis 25 (2004) 4058.
    [68] J. Zeleny, Phys. Rev. 10 (1917) 1.
    [69] M. Dole, L. L. Mack, R. L. Hines, R. C. Mobley, L. D. Ferguson, M. B. Alice, J. Chem. Phys. 49 (1968) 2240.
    [70] L. L. Mack, P. Kralic, A. Rheude, M. Dole, J. Chem. Phys. 52 (1970) 4977.
    [71] M. Yamashita, J. B. Fenn, J. Phys. Chem. 88 (1984) 4451.
    [72] M. Yamashita, J. B. Fenn, J. Phys. Chem. 88 (1984) 4671.
    [73] M. L. Aleksandrov, L. N. Gall, V. A. Shkurov, V. A. Pavlenko, N. V. Krasnov, V. I. Nikolaev, Anal. Chem. 39 (1984) 1268.
    [74] A. Gomez, K. Tang, Phys. Fluid. 65 (1994) 404.
    [75] G. R. Agnes, I. I. Stewart, G. Horlick, Appl. Spectrosc. 48 (1994) 1347.
    [76] P. Kebarle, L. Tang, Anal. Chem. 65 (1993) 972.
    [77] J. V. Iribarne, B. A. Thornson, J. Chem. Phys. 64 (1976) 15.
    [78] H.Wang, J. J. Liu, R. G. Cooks, Z. Ouyang, Angew. Chem. 49 (2010) 877.
    [79]J. J. Liu, H. Wang, N. E. Manicke, J. M. Lin, R. G. Cooks, Z .Ouyang, Anal. Chem. 82 (2010) 2463.
    [80] N. E. Manicke, Q. A. Yang, H. Wang, S. Oradu, Z. Ouyang, R. G. Cooks, Mass. Spectrom. 300 (2011) 123.
    [81] H. Wang, N. E. Manicke, Q. A. Yang, L. X. Zheng, R. Y. Shi, R. G. Cooks, O. Y. Zheng, Anal. Chem. 83 (2011) 1197.
    [82] B. Hu, P. K. So, H. W. Chen, Z. P. Yao, Anal. Chem. 83 (2011) 8201.
    [83] S. K. Lau, F. Zaccardo, M. Little, J. Chromatogr. A 809 (1998) 203.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE