研究生: |
卓子文 Tzu Wen Chou |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
舞者身體覺察能力的開發:一項針對舞者實施身心教育課程的行動研究 Opening Dancer’s Body Awareness:An Action Research of Implementing the Somatic Education Course for Dancer |
指導教授: |
劉美珠
Liu, Mei-Chu |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
體育學系 Department of Physical Education |
論文出版年: | 2002 |
畢業學年度: | 90 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 226 |
中文關鍵詞: | 身心學 、舞蹈教育 、身體覺察 、行動研究 |
英文關鍵詞: | Somatics, dance education, body awareness, action research |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:374 下載:133 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究旨為探討舞者在接受身心教育課程之後,對其身體覺察能力的影響,由身心學(Somatics)的理論基礎切入,藉由舞者在參與課程前後,其身體肌肉張力狀態、身體使用方式、身體舊習慣、呼吸與動作間的關係之敏感度、身體疲勞或舞蹈傷害的改善經驗、技巧的學習、以及對身體的態度等等的覺察經驗是否改變或有無不同,進而提供舞蹈教師一個重新思考其教學與訓練方針之參考。
本研究以行動研究方法(Action research)為取向,研究對象為七位國立臺北藝術大學第十四屆畢業生,資料的蒐集以半結構式的問卷及深度訪談法為主,輔以研究參與者的學習日誌(Portfolio)、回饋表(Feedback)、及錄音錄影的方式。研究發現如下:
舞者在接受為期十次,共20小時的課程後,於研究初期,即能清楚的覺察到肌肉張力及鬆緊的感覺,隨著研究時程的增加,進而體會到身體上的疲勞趨勢,並且明顯發現身體在舞蹈術科時的使用方式,特別是呼吸和動作之間的關係,種種舊習慣的察覺,皆是透過課程中,呼吸、意象與放鬆方法的學習,讓舞者有這樣一個共同的改變:即是「覺察」並瞭解到自己以往的身體現象後,清楚的發現,原來可以有另一種「選擇」來「改變」它們,這也影響了舞者對身體的看法及對待身體的態度﹔然而,在因人而異及時間有限的情形之下,舞者對其舞蹈傷害的改善情形,較不顯著。具體建議如下:
一、在此提供給舞蹈教育機構,增加有關身心學的教育課程於專業舞蹈教 育養成體系中,讓舞者在習舞的同時,更加關注身體與心靈的內省智 慧。
二、舞蹈教師應不間斷的吸取新資訊,多與身體溝通對話,多參與相關於 身心學的研習會,對於自己的教學專業,多著重於身體的覺察輔助, 並以行動研究的方式,著手進行擬定、記錄與檢視,以提昇舞蹈教學 的專業效能,對自己身體的重新學習,才能給予我們下一代更正確的 習舞方式。
三、重新建立舞者對自我身體的看法,學習如何安全的接受舞蹈訓練,破 除社會大眾對舞蹈既有的迷思。
身體教育的再學習,應落實在舞者、編舞者及舞蹈教育工作者身上,重新思考其學習方式、教學策略及訓練方針。
The purpose of the research was to understand the influence of dancer’s body awareness after participating in the somatic education course. By realizing dancers’ experiences of muscle tone, body use, past habits, the sensibility between breathing and movements, the improvement of body exhaustion and injury, and body attitude, we try to attempt to see whether or not their change and differences after taking this course. This study aimed to provide another reference for dance teachers to reflect on their teaching and training.
In this research, we adopted the principle of action research. Seven participants were dance students in the department of the Taipei National University of the Arts. The major data collections were half-structured questionnaire and depth interview, and the portfolio, feedback, and videotaping were also executed in an assistant ways. The findings of this research were as follows:
After accepting twenty hours’ course, in the initial stage of the research, dancers could immediately awake the muscle tone clearly. Then, with the increasing of the research time, they understood a tendency in their body exhaustion, and discovered the types of their body use in dance technique class obviously, especially the relationship between breathing and movement. The learning of breathing, imagery, and relaxing methods exposed their various past habits. After this course, these dancers had similar change: that was, after dancers opened their body awareness, they finally found that they had more choices, which changed their body attitude as well. However, owing to the limitation of individual differences at the research time, the improvement of their injury wasn’t evident. The suggestions were provided in the following:
1.It is important to offer somatic course in the dance
education system, which can help dancers pay more attention
to the intrapersonal intelligence between body and mind.
2.Dance teachers should emphasize on absorbing new knowledge,
such as different ways to train and treat body, communication
with the body, and more experience from within. Besides,
dance teachers could use the method of action research to
promote their professional teaching.
3.To establish well body attitude, dancers need to learn how to
dance healthily and safely.
Learning how to learn in somatic education should be put into effect for dancers, choreographers and every dance educator, and they also had to ponder their learning process, teaching strategy, and training principle.
王文科。(民79)。質的教育研究法。台北,師大書苑。
王文科。(民84)。教育研究法(三版)。台北,五南。
王雲幼。(民88)。亞歷山大技巧Alexander Technique。美育雜誌,一 月,59-62頁。
王雲幼。(民89)。舞蹈復健-波拉蒂技巧。美育雜誌,5月。
朱立人。(民83)。舞蹈美學。台北,紅葉。
李立亨。(民89)。我的看舞隨身書。台北,天下文化。
李平譯。(民86)。經營多元智慧(Thomas Armstrong原著)。台北,遠 流。
李祖壽。(民70)。行動研究法。教育視導與教育輔導(上)。台北,黎 明。
李豐。(民79)。放鬆,讓身體說話(4版),台北,皇冠。
吳芝儀等譯。(民84)。質的評鑑與研究。台北,桂冠。
卓子文。(民90)。形意相融的身體醫療科學-身心學簡介。表演藝術雜 誌,第103期,90-93頁。
吳由美譯。(民87)。摩謝˙菲登奎斯(Feldenkrais, M.)著。菲登奎 斯大師之舞。新店,世茂。
邱溫譯。(民87)。肯恩˙代特沃德(Dychtwald, K.)著。身心合一- 肢體心靈和諧的現代健康法。台北,生命潛能。
胡幼慧。(民85)。質性研究-理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。台北: 巨流。
高華峰。(民87)。當下化壓力於無形。(感官復甦工作坊之推薦序,查 爾斯•布魯克著)台北,生命潛能。
許宜銘。(民82)。擁舞生命潛能。台北市,生命潛能。
許宜銘譯。(民87)。查爾斯˙布魯克(Brooks, C)著,感官復甦工作 坊。台北,生命潛能。
郭至輝。(民88)。舞蹈應用生理解剖學。台北市,五南。
夏林清。(民86)。行動研究方法導論:教師動手作研究。台北,遠流。
陳玉鳳譯。(民87)。摩謝˙菲登奎斯(Feldenkrais, M.)著。從動中 覺醒。新店,世茂。
陳伯璋。(民77)。行動研究的理論基礎及其應用。行政院國家科學委員 會專題研究計劃成果報告。計劃編號:0103-11-77A-F-215。
陳美如。(民84)。躍登教師研究的舞台。國民教育,第35卷,第11、12 期。
廖鳳池。(民79)。行動研究法簡介。諮商與輔導月刊,第60期,5-9 頁。台北,天馬文化。
歐用生。(民83)。提昇教師行動研究的能力。研習資訊,第11卷,第2 期,1-6頁。台北縣,台灣省國民教師研習會。
歐建平譯。(民85)。舞蹈概論(M. John原著)。台北,紅葉。
蘇朱民。(民90)。身體覺知訓練課程對準諮商員的影響。國立台灣師範 大學體育研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
蔡清田。(民89)。教育行動研究。台北,五南。
賴雅芬。(民86)。國小教師利用鄉土教學活動進行環境教育之參與式行動研究。 國立台灣師範大學環境教育研究所,碩士論文(未初版)。
葉台竹。(民78)。舞者傷害預防及處理之研究。台北,盈泰。
張篤群譯。(民87)。摩謝˙菲登奎斯(Feldenkrais, M.)著。從身態 改變心態。新店:世茂。
劉一民。(民80)。「省心」與「省身」的沉思-「運動身體學芻論」。運動哲學研究,111-114頁,台北,師大書苑。
劉美珠。(民79a)。身體療法亞歷山大技巧的啟示。中等教育雙月刊, 第41卷第6期 體育教育專號,85-91頁。
劉美珠。(民79b)。意動法理論與實際之分析研究。國立台灣師範大學 體育研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
劉美珠。(民88)。一呼一吸中談人體動作。學校體育,第49期,18-22 頁。
劉美珠。(民89)。舞者身心統合運動之授課大綱。民國89年2月24日。
劉美珠、林大豐。(民90)。身心學。體育經典論著叢書(總論),141- 166頁,教育部體育司(未出版)。
羅曼菲。(民78)。意象與舞蹈。台北市,遠流。
1999行動研究國際學術研討會,主題論文集,民88年5/19-23,國立台東 師範學院。
2000國際體育教學研討會,研習手冊,民89年08/14-18,國立花蓮師範學 院。
2001國際身心動作教育研討會,研習手冊,民90年10/19-21,國立台東師 範學院。
中華民國大專院校九十年度舞蹈教學研習會,研習手冊,民90年12/15- 16,大專體總。
Andrews, M. (1985). The Alexander Technique: Revitalizing the dancers self-image. The Alexandrian. 4(2).
Armstrong, T. (1992). Seven Kinds Of Smart: Discovering and Using Your Natural Intelligence. New York: New American Library/Penguin USA.
Barr, S. (1991). Symposium of the science and somatics of dance. Dance Research Journal. 23/2 (Fall). 41-42.
Batson, G. (1990). Dancing fully, safely, and expressively – the role of the body therapies in dance training. JOPERD. 61 (9): 28-31.
Batson, G. (1993). Stretching technique: A somatic learning model. PartⅠ:Training sensory responsively. Impulse, 1/2, 126-140.
Batson, G. (1994). Stretching technique: A somatic learning model. PartⅡ: Purposively through Sweigard Ideokinesis. Impulse, 2/1, 39-58.
Batson, G. (1998). Dancer’s tools for performance. Dance Teacher Now. March 65-69.
Batson, G. (2001). The Alexander Technique integral to dance training and performance. http://www.glennabatson.com/dance.html.
Berland, E. (2001). Compression/suspension therapy for dancers. Contact Quarterly. Northhampton. Mass. V.26, no.2 (Summer/Fall), 25-31.
Bloom, L., & Chaplin, L. (1985). The Intimate Act of Choreography. Pittsburgh, PA: university of Pittsburgh Press.
Bond, M. (1998). Every move we make. Somatics, Spring/Summer 10- 14.
Brooks, L. M. (2000). Dance research: Perspective on the past, outlook toward the future. Dance Research Journal. 32/1 (Summer). 110-116.
Caplan.D. (1984). The Alexander Technique, the use of conscious control in the prevention and treatment of dance injuries. Contact Quarterly. 10 (3): 33-38.
Dunn, J. (1990). Dance science. JOPERD. 61 (9): 25.
Ebbutt, D. & Elliott, J.(1985). Issues In Teaching for Understanding. York: SCDC- Longman.
Eddy, M. (1995). Holistic approaches to dance injury assessment and intervention. Impulse, Champaign, Ill., Human Kinetics Publishers, (in press) 3(4), 270-279.
Eliott, J.(1991). Action Research for Educational Change. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Fortin, S. (1994). When dance science and somatics enter the dance technique class. Kinesiology and Medicine for Dance. 15 (2): 88-107.
Fortin, S. (1995). Toward a new generation: Somatic dance education in academia. Impulse: The International Journal For Dance Science, Medicine, And Education, 3:253-262.
Fitt, S. S. (1996). Dance Kinesiology. New York: Schirmer Books.
Franklin, E. (1996). Dynamic Alignment Through Imagery. Champaign, Il., Human Kinetics Publishers.
Gray, J. (1989). Dance Instruction-Science Applied To The Art of Movement. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Green, J. (1999). Somatic authority and myth of the idea body in dance education. Dance Research Journal. Fall, 31/2, 80- 100.
Hanna, T. (1977). The somatic healers and the somatic educators. Somatics, autumn, 48-52.
Hanna, T. (1983). The Body of Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Hanna, T. (1986). What is Somatics? Somatics, 5(4), 4-9
Hanna, T. (1988). Somatics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Hanrahan, C. (1986). Mental Imagery As A Facilitator of Dance Movement Skills. unpublished Thesis, Université de Montré al.
Hanrahan, C. (1994). In search of good dance images. Impulse, 2, 131-144.
Hanrahan, C., & Salmela, J. (1990). Dance images: Do they really work or are we just imagining things? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 61 (2): 18-21.
Hanrahan, C., & Vergeer, I. (1993). Multiple Uses of Performance Enhancement Imagery: Can Athletes Learn From Dancers? Submitted for publication.
Hanstein, P. (1990). Educating for the future: A posy modern paradigm for dance education. JOPERD. 61 (5): 56-58.
Hartley, L. (1994). Wisdom of The Body Moving. North Atlantic Book.
Kemmis, S. & McTaggart, R.(1982).The Action Research Planner (2nd edition), Geelong, Vic,: Deakin University Press.
Knaster, M. (1996). Discovering the Body’s Wisdom. Human Kinetics.
Johnson, D. H. (1994). The Way of the Flesh: A brief history of the Somatics movement. Noctic Science Review. Spring.
Lewis, N. G. (1990). Creative visualization maximizing human potential. JOPERD. February 30-32.
Mattingly K. (2000). Dancers heal dancers. Dance Magazine. November 70、75.
Mcniff, J. (1991). Action Research: Principles and Practice. Great Britain: MACHILLAN EDUCATION LTD.
Minton, S. (1981). The Effects of Several Types of Teaching Cues on Postural Alignment of Beginning Modern Dancers: A Cinematographic Analysis. Published Ph. D. dissertation, Texas Woman’s University, U.M.I.
Minton, S. (1990). Enhancement of alignment through imagery. JOPERD. 61 (2): 28-29.
Minton, S. (1993). Recommendations for the Use of Imagery in the Dance Classroom. Paper presented at the Congress of the American Alliance for Health. Physical Education Recreation and Dance. Washington. DC.
Minton, S. (2000). Research in dance: educational and science perspectives. Dance Research Journal. 32/1. (Summer). 110- 116.
Myers. M (1983). The new “science”in dance training. Dance Magazine.
Myers. M (1989). When class are not enough: Body therapies why, which, and when. Dance Magazine. July 74.
Myers.M (1992). Dance science and Somatics: A perspective. Kinesiology and Medicine for Dance. 14(1): 3-19.
Myers. M & Horosko M. (1989). When class are not enough: Body therapies why, which, and when. Dance Magazine. July. 74.
Nanako, H. (2000), 2000年國際體育教學研討會,操体技巧(So-Tai Technique)授課大綱. 中華民國體育學會.
Oliver,SK. (1993), Lower back injuries in dancers and the Alexander Technique. Kinesiology and Medicine for Dance. 15 (2): 65-87.
Oja, S. N. & Smulyan, L. (1989). Collaborative action research - --a developmental approach. Great Britain: The Falmer Press.
Overby, L. Y. (1990). The use of imagery by dance teachers-development and implementation of two research instrument. JOPERD. February 24-27.
Perron, W. (2000). Guide bodywork approaches. Dance Magazine. (November). 74.
Purcell, T. M. (1990). The use of imagery in children’s dance making it work. JOPERD. 61 (2): 22-23.
Richmond, P.G. (1994). The Alexander Technique and dance training. Impulse, 2/1,24-38.
Smith, K.L. (1990). Dance Imagery: The link between movement and imagination. JOPERD. 61 (2): 17.
Solomon, R and Solomon, eds. (1995). Science and Somatics. Impulse, 3/4.
Studd, K. A. (1983). Ideokinesis, Mental Rehearsal And Relaxation Applied To Dance Technique. Thesis, University of Oregon.
Sweigard, Lulu E. (1974). Human Movement Potential: Its Ideokinetic Facilitation. Harper&Row.
Topaz, M. (2000). New schools train body and mind. Dance Magazine. August 56-57.