研究生: |
林淑君 Shu-chun Lin |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
資深諮商心理師從遭逢兒童青少年案主臨床困境到安頓身心之轉變歷程研究 How experienced counseling psychologists settle their bodies and souls: When working with child and adolescent’s difficult clients |
指導教授: |
王麗斐
Wang, Li-Fei |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2011 |
畢業學年度: | 99 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 206 |
中文關鍵詞: | 安頓身心 、自我照顧 、困境因應 、兒童青少年諮商 、資深諮商心理師 、臨床困境 |
英文關鍵詞: | settling one’s body and soul, self caring, coping strategy, child and adolescent counseling, experienced counseling psychologists, clinic difficulty |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:333 下載:48 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究旨在探究資深諮商心理師在遭逢兒童青少年案主臨床困境時,如何因應與自我照顧,以達到安頓身心之目的。為瞭解資深諮商心理師之經驗,本研究以建構主義之紮根理論方法學,採半結構式一對一深度訪談進行。本研究共邀請12位資深諮商心理師自願參與研究,分享他們所曾遭遇之兒童青少年案主臨床困境經驗,以及他們如何因應、處理,並自我照顧以安頓其身心。研究參與者年齡在40-59歲之間,平均年齡45.7歲;心理諮商工作資歷在15-27年之間,平均年資為18.8年;兒童青少年諮商工作年資在6-22年之間,平均年資為11.8年;其中2位男性,10位女性。研究結果發現,諮商師從新手到目前的資深階段,曾遭遇的兒童青少年案主臨床困境包括:(1)來自案主特質的困境,(2)來自案主生態系統與環境的困境,(3)來自機構與制度的困境,(4)身體嚴重受傷或癌症案主的困境,以及(5)案主議題勾到諮商師個人議題的困境。有效的困境因應策略則為:(1)持續進修,(2)發揮思考功能,以及(3)採取具體處理策略。諮商師面對臨床困境的因應方式,似乎有個共同的因素,即是積極面對挑戰、彈性因應的態度。至於資深諮商師困境中身心的安頓有二個取徑,分別為:(1)以生命哲學安頓自己,以及(2)以宗教觀/靈性觀安頓身心。最後,研究發現,諮商師所經歷的臨床困境與安頓身心的經驗,會與其個人生命與專業的轉變相互關連與影響。最後本研究將針對上述研究結果進行討論,並針對實務與未來研究提出建議。
The purpose of this research was to explore how child counseling psychologists cope with difficult clients and take care of themselves. The grounded theory which followed the constructivism paradigm was adopted in the study. Data were collected by semi-structured individual in-depth interviews. Twelve experienced counseling psychologists (10 females and 2 males, age 40-59, mean age = 45.7) voluntarily participated in the study, with mean counseling experience of 18.8 years, and mean child and adolescent counseling experience 11.8 years. The findings indicated that the difficulties working with child and adolescent clients were resulted from: (1) clients’ characteristics, (2) clients’ ecosystem and environment, (3) “reality” restrictions from the organizations and systems, (4) clients with severe physical illness, and (5) countertransference issues triggered by the clients. The effective coping strategies were: (1) to receive continuing education, (2) to create an introspective thinking space, and (3) to select and adopt useful intervening strategies flexibly. A common factor of these coping strategies was to face challenges with a positive and flexible attitude. Two major approaches of experienced counseling psychologists were applied to comfort their bodies and souls: (1) life philosophy, and (2) religion or spirituality. The research also found that a psychologist’s clinical difficulties and his/her body and soul’s comforting experiences were connected with and affected by his/her transition in personal life and counseling profession. The detailed results and suggestions for further research and practice were discussed.
中文部分
王文秀(1998):諮商師被督導經驗對其諮商挫折之因應及其專業成長之影響研究。中華輔導學報,6,1-34。
王麗斐(2002):國小個案處理工作內涵之研究:實務經驗與未來方向。台北市:學富。
王麗斐、王文秀、羅明華(1998):當諮商新手遇見兒童個案:一個探索性的研究。中華輔導學報,6,60-88。
王麗斐、林美珠(2000)。團體治療性因素量表之發表與編制。中華輔導學報,9,1-24。
王麗斐、杜淑芬、趙曉美(2008):國小駐校諮商心理師有效諮商策略之探索性研究。教育心理學報,39(3),413-434。
王麗斐、杜淑芬(2009):台北市國小輔導人員與諮商心理師之有效跨專業合作研究。教育心理學報,41,諮商實務與訓練專刊 ,295-320。
王麗斐、林淑君(2010):國內諮商與心理治療質性研究之研究方法與研究題材之初步性整合分析,教育心理學報,41(4),799-821。
石世明(2008):悲傷輔導新觀念--從心靈成長到悲傷轉化。腫瘤護理雜誌,8(1), 27-33。
台灣輔導與諮商學會(2009):台灣輔導與諮商學會諮商專業倫理守則。取自台灣輔導與諮商學會網站:http://www.guidance.org.tw/ethic_001.html,2009年12月24日。
江淑娟(2008):一位女性諮商師諮商性侵害加害人經驗之敘說研究。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文。
伍育英(2006a):諮商督導中靈性議題的處理--以統整性發展模式為例。諮商與輔導,251,37-42。
伍育英(2006b):從治療者如何面對生死議題談靈性治療。諮商與輔導,245, 2-5。
刑志彬(2009):心理專業人員協助學校輔導工作之參與經驗探究。國立新竹教育大學教育心理與諮商研究所碩士論文。
呂秀姮(2005):《莊子》人生哲學之現代運用。國立中山大學中國語文學系研究所碩士論文。
李素玲(2009):諮商心理師自我照顧經驗之敘說研究。國立臺南大學諮商與輔導學系碩士論文。
李佩怡(2006):癌症末期病人靈性照顧之詮釋--以一次臨床會談的經驗為例。諮商與輔導,245,32-43。
李如珺(2006):諮商師自我照顧經驗研究-以協助自殺企圖者為例。國立高雄師範大學輔導與諮商研究所碩士論文。
吳芝儀(2000):建構論及其在教育研究上的應用。載於中正大學教育學研究所(主編):質的研究方法(183-220)。高雄:麗文。
吳芝儀(2008):學生輔導法的研擬與影響。輔導季刊,44(3),34-44。
吳珮瑱(2004):女性諮商師協助性受虐者心理歷程之研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導學系碩士論文。
吳麗娟(2001):個人諮商理論的建構與有效運用。測驗與輔導雙月刊,167,3504-3510。
何英奇(2004):紮根理論編碼方法的教學反思:創造性與批判性詮釋之綜合應用。載於何英奇(主編):心理與特殊教育新論。台北:心理。
何美雪、高淑貞、洪慧涓(2005):親子遊戲治療訓練對國小認輔教師遊戲治療知能影響之訓練探究。教育心理學報,37(1),1-21。
金樹人(1997):生涯諮商與輔導。台北:東華。
林本炫(2003):紮根理論研究法評介。載於齊力、林本炫(主編):質性研究方法與資料分析(171-200)。嘉義:南華社教所。
林家興(2002):中學輔導教師與專業輔導人員工作內容的時間分析。教育心理學報,33(2),23-40。
林家興、洪雅琴(2002):專業輔導人員參與國中輔導工作的概況與成效。教育心理學報,34(1),83-102。
周玉真(2005):父母在兒青諮商中的影響及諮商師的工作重點。輔導季刊,41(2),21-28。
周玉真、蕭文(2003):社區諮商個案應用社會網絡之經驗分析。彰化師大輔導學報,24,107-138。
范幸玲(2005):河流與陪伴者互動的故事—一位諮商師的反思歷程。中華輔導學報,18,203-240。
柯雅瓊(2009):國中輔導教師受督需求之研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。
姜雨杉(2009):基督徒諮商師的靈性經驗對其諮商專業的影響。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系碩士論文。
姚建安(2005):靈性照顧。取自網站,http://health.edu.tw/health/upload/tbteaching_kb/20050602034823_file1.pdf,2011年4月10日。
高淑貞(2005):因何而為?--遊戲治療師之治療態度探究。中華輔導學報,18,1-36。
高淑貞、蔡群瑞(2009):遊戲治療師實務困境與因應之探究分析。中華輔導與諮商學報,26,1-45。
陳向明(2002):教師如何做質的研究。台北:洪葉。
陳秉華(2001):華人「人我關係協調」之諮商工作架構。測驗與輔導雙月刊,167,3511-3515。
陳彥君(2007):專業諮商員生涯困境與心理調適歷程之生命故事研究。國立台北師範學院教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。
陳錦如(2007):國小駐校諮商心理師角色功能之探究。臺北市立教育大學心理與諮商學系碩士論文。
教育部國語推行委員會(2007):教育部重編國語辭典修訂本。取自教育部重編國語辭典修訂本網站:http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/newDict/dict.sh?cond=%A6w%A8%AD%A5%DF%A9R&pieceLen=50&fld=1&cat=&ukey=907264449&serial=1&recNo=0&op=&imgFont=1,2008年12年5日。
許雅惠(2009):醫院病房護理人員慈悲疲倦、慈悲滿足與靈性健康間的關係探討。輔仁大學臨床心理學系碩士論文。
許凰珠(2003):台灣中部地區某醫學中心護理人員對靈性護理教育需求之探討。南華大學生死學研究所碩士論文。
郭怡芬(2009):遊戲治療師專業承諾之研究。國立暨南國際大學輔導與諮商研究所碩士論文。
郭盛賢(2008):後天免疫缺乏症候群的人格特質與靈性在壓力互動模式中的因應效果。輔仁大學臨床心理學系碩士論文。
張惠蓮(2006):陶淵明的生命智慧。佛光人文社會學院生命學研究所碩士論文。
張愷晏(2011):諮商心理師靜坐經驗與自我覺察之探討。國立暨南國際大學輔導與諮商研究所碩士論文。
張高賓、施玉麗、連廷嘉(2008):兒童遊戲治療能力內涵與評量、訓練方案建構與實施成效評估之研究(Ⅰ)。國科會專案研究報告(編號:NSC 96-2413-H-415-013-)。
彭德清(2008):禪宗心性思想之探討。玄奘大學宗教學系碩士在職專班碩士論文。
黃欣妏(2006):資深諮商師處理個案自殺行為之經驗探討。國立新竹教育大學教育心理與諮商研究所碩士論文。
黃梅芳(2008):兒童遊戲治療新手的困與破。國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
黃惠貞(2003):某大專院校學生靈性健康、知覺壓力與憂鬱之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。
黃馥珍、高琇鈴、賴幸瑜(2008):一位諮商師在諮商與禪修中的自我成長經驗。輔導與諮商學報,30(2),37-62。
楊明磊(2000):從「身份」到「生命」--一個擁有「諮商師」身份的「人」之詮釋性探究。輔導季刊,36(1),6-10。
楊國樞(2002):華人心理的本土化研究。台北:桂冠。
趙曉美、王麗斐、楊國如(2006):諮商心理師國小校園服務方案之實施評估。教育心理學報,37(4),345-365。
管貴貞(2007):諮商人員處理自我傷害個案經驗之分析研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系博士論文。
維基百科(2011):瑜珈。取自維基百科網站:http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD,2011年4月24日。
蔣欣欣、徐畢卿(2006):身心安頓的倫理技術。護理雜誌,53(6),20-24。
蔡麗芳(1998):宗教在心理治療中的角色與定位。諮商與輔導,155,6-10。
鄭乃璇(2010):以遊戲治療師視框探究其父母工作之架構與內涵。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系所碩士論文。
鄭家雯(2004):走出心靈迷霧:諮商師調適與因應接案無力感經驗之研究。國立屏東師範學院教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。
黎麗貞(2009):遊戲治療未成熟結案之歷程研究--遊戲治療師觀點之探究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系所博士論文。
劉佳昌(2009):傾聽前線的聲音。取自思想起網站:http://blog.yam.com/user/thinktcpc.html,2011年4月19日。
齊力(2003):質性研究方法概論。載於齊力、林本炫(主編):質性研究方法與資料分析(1-18)。嘉義:南華社教所。
賴玉珊(2009):影響新手諮商心理師專業認同的關鍵事件之分析研究。國立臺南大學諮商與輔導研究所碩士論文。
簡綾凡(2010):諮商員工作耗竭的復原歷程研究。淡江大學教育心理與諮商研究所碩士論文。
謝筱梅(2010):個人宗教信仰在諮商工作中的呈現與實踐:以佛教背景諮商心理師為例。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系博士論文。
藍菊梅、張懿心(2010):初學遊戲治療者對於一位資深遊戲治療者的好奇。輔導季刊,46(4),72-75。
羅孟軍(2009):安頓身心。取自基礎忠恕美國全真道院網站:http://www.greattao.org/articles/2002/2002-5.htm,2009年12月5日。
羅明華(2008):團體督導對遊戲治療師專業發展的影響。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系所博士論文。
釋宗白、金樹人(2010):止觀、無住-「禪修正念團體」對實習諮商心理師自我關注與諮商實務影響之初探研究。教育心理學報,42(1),163-184 。
釋見歆(2011):以願導行。中台山月刊,86期。取自中台禪寺網站:http://www.ctworld.org.tw/monthly/086/a06.htm,2011年4月17日。
釋禪心(2010):身心對話。2010.8.止觀工作坊上課講義。
釋證嚴(2010):金剛非堅,願力最堅。慈濟道侶,303期。取自慈濟網站:http://www.tzuchi.org.tw/ ,2011年4月17日。
西文部分
Arun, K., Shaji, K., & Praveenlal, K.(2010). Revalidation: Are we meeting training needs? Training and its influence on the practice of child psychiatry and psychotherapy. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 32(1), 3-6.
Bateman,A., Brown,D., & Pedder,J. (2000). Introduction to psychotherapy: An outline of psychodynamic principles and practice. 陳登義譯(2003):心理治療入門。台北:心靈工坊。
Bergin, A.E., & Jensen, J.P. (1990). Religiosity of psychotherapists: A national survey. Psychotherapy : Theory, Research, Practice, & Training, 27, 3–7.
Bike, D.H., Norcross, J.C., & Schatz, D.M.(2009). Processes and outcomes of psychotherapists’ personal therapy: Replication and extension 20 years later. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, & Training, 46(1), 19–31.
Brittany, B., & Greg, N.(2009). Epistemology as a predictor of psychotherapists' self-care and coping. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 22(4), 269-282.
Burch, V. (2009). Learning to live with chronic pain. Healthcare Counselling & Psychotherapy Journal, 9(4), 6-11.
Canfield , J.(2003). An exploratory study of secondary traumatic stress and vicarious traumatization among child psychotherapists. Smith College School for Social Work.
Carlson, J., Demaray, M., & Hunter-Oehmke, S.(2006). A survey of school psychologists' knowledge and training in child psychopharmacology. Psychology in the Schools, 43(5), 623-633.
Cashdan, S. (1988). Object relations therapy: Using the relationship. 林秀慧、林明雄譯(2001):客體關係治療:關係的運用。台北:心理。
Charmaz, K.(2001). Qualitative interviewing and grounded theory analysis. In J. Gubrium & J. Holstein(Eds.), Handbook of interview research: Context and method(pp.675–694). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Childs, D. (2007). Mindfulness and the psychology of presence. Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 80(3), 367-376.
Chopko, B. A., & Schwartz, R. C. (2009). The relation between mindfulness and posttraumatic growth: A study of first responders to trauma-inducing incidents. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 31(4), 363-376.
Corey, G., Corey, M., & Callanan, P. (2003). Issues and ethics in the helping professions(6th ed.). Pacific grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Crane, R., & Elias, D. (2006). Being with what is. Therapy Today, 17(10), 31-33.
Daw, B., & Joseph, S.( 2007). Qualified therapists’ experience of personal therapy. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 7(4), 227-232.
Delaney, H.D., Miller, W.R., & Bisono’ , A.M. (2007). Religiosity and spirituality among psychologists: A survey of clinician members of the American psychological association. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(5), 538–546.
Dlugos, R.F., & Friedlander, M. L.(2001). Passionately committed psychotherapists: A qualitative study of their experiences. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 32(3), 298-304.
Dufour,S., & Chamberland,C. (2004). The effectiveness of selected interventions for previous maltreatment: enhancing the well-being of children who live at home. Child and Family Social Work,9, 39 –56.
DuPaul , G., & Carlson , J.(2005). Child psychopharmacology: How school psychologists can contribute to effective outcomes. School Psychology Quarterly, 20(2), 206-221.
Fassinger, R. E. (2005). Paradigms, praxis, problems, and promise: Grounded theory in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 156-166.
Fox, R., & Cooper, M.(1998). The effects of suicide on the private practitioner: A professional and personal perspective. Clinical Social Work Journal, 26(2), 143-157.
Gil,E.(1991). The healing power of play : working with abused children. New York: Guilford Press. 林巧翊譯(2004):遊戲的治癒力量:受虐兒童的治療工作。台北:心理。
Goldstein, L. S., & Buongiorno, P. A.(1984). Psychotherapists as suicide survivors. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 38(3), 392-398.
Greason, P. B., & Cashwell, C. S.(2009). Mindfulness and counseling self-efficacy: The mediating role of attention and empathy. Counselor Education & Supervision, 49(1), 2-19.
Guy, J., & Liaboe, G. (1986). The impact of conducting psychotherapy on psychotherapists‘ interpersonal functioning. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 17, 111-114.
Harris, R. (2009). Mindfulness without meditation. Healthcare Counselling & Psychotherapy Journal, 9(4), 21-24.
Harrison, R. L., & Westwood, M. J.( 2009). Preventing vicarious traumatization of mental health therapists: Identifying protective practices. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training , 46(2), 203–219.
Haverkamp, B.E.(2005). Ethical perspectives on qualitative research in applied psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 146–155.
Heppner, P. P. & Heppner, M. J. (2004). Writing and publishing your thesis, dissertation, and research : A guide for students in the helping professions. Belmont, CA : Thomson.
Hwang, W., Wood, J., Lin, K., & Cheung, F. (2006). Cognitive behavioral therapy with Chinese Americans: Research, theory, and clinical practice. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 13(4), 293-303.
Johnson, C.V., Hayes, J. A., & Wade, N. G.(2007). Psychotherapy with troubled spirits: A qualitative investigation. Psychotherapy Research, 17(4), 450-460.
Jr, K., & Eugene, W. (1995). Counselor values: A national survey. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73(6), 648-653.
Kazdin, A. E.(2004). Psychotherapy for children and adolescents. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield’s handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change(5th ed., pp.543-589). NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kendall, P. C. (2000). Child and adolescent therapy: Cognitive-behavioral procedures(2nd ed.). 唐子俊、唐慧芳、武秀蓉、傅琇悅、朱曉瑜、趙祥和譯(2004):兒童與青少年治療。台北:五南。
Kornfield, J. (1993). A path with heart. 曾麗文譯(1995):心靈幽徑:冥想的自我療法。台北:幼獅。
Landreth (2000). Innovations in play therapy: Issues, process, and special populations. Paterson Marsh Ltd. 何長珠、陳信昭、陳碧玲、徐世厚、賴麗明譯(2003):遊戲治療新趨勢。台北:五南。
Langberg, D.(2006). The spiritual life of the therapist: We become what we habitually reflect. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 25(3), 258-266.
Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Ma, L. C.(2000). Treatment expectation and treatment experience of Chinese families toward family therapy: Appraisal of a common belief. Journal of Family Therapy, 22, 296-307.
Marsh, D.(2004). Serious emotional disturbance in children and adolescents: Opportunities and challenges for psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 36(5), 443-448.
McAdams , C.R., & Foster, V.A.(2002). An assessment of resources for counselor coping and recovery in the aftermath of client suicide. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education & Development, 41(2), 232-241.
McCoy, D. (2009). The power of stolen moments. Good Housekeeping, 249(5), 143-148.
McLoughlin,B.(1995).Developing Psychodynamic Counseling. 李錦虹譯(2002):心理動力諮商。台北:五南。
Menninger, W. W(1991). Patient suicide and its impact on the psychotherapist. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 55(2), 216-227.
Miller, G. (2003). Incorporating spirituality in counseling and psychotherapy: theory and technique. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mills, J., Bonner, A., & Francis, K. (2006). Adopting a constructivist approach to grounded theory: Implications for research design. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 12(1), 8-13.
Morrow, S. L. (2005). Quality and trustworthiness in qualitative research in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 250–260.
Nalavany, B. A., Ryan, S. D., Gomory, T., & Lacasse, J. R. (2005). Mapping the characteristics of a `good` play therapist, International Journal of Play Therapy, 14(1), 27-50.
Nevas, D. B., & Farber, B. A. (2001). Parents' attitudes toward their child's therapist and therapy. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 32(2), 165.
Newsome, S., Christopher, J. C., Dahlen, P., & Christopher, S. (2006). Teaching counselors self-care through mindfulness practices. Teachers College Record, 108(9), 1881-1900.
Nolan, P.(2004). The fruits of mental illness: becoming spiritual and learning to care. Mental Health Practice, 7(7), 28-30.
Norcross, J. (2000). Psychotherapist self-care: Practitioner-tested, research-informed strategies. Psychology: Research and Practice, 31, 710–713.
Norcross, J.C. (2005). The psychotherapist’s own psychotherapy: Educating and developing psychologists. American Psychologist, 60(8), 840-850.
Norcross, J.C., Bike, D.H., & Evans. K.L.(2009). The therapist’s therapist: A replication and extension 20 years later. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 46(1) , 32–41.
Post, B.C., & Wade, N.G.(2009). Religion and spirituality in psychotherapy: A practice-friendly review of research. Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session, 65(2), 131-146.
Radeke, J. T., & Mahoney, M. J. (2000). Comparing the personal lives of psychotherapists and research psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31, 82–84.
Ramirez, A., Lumadue, C.A., & Wooten, H.R.(2007). Spiritual well-being and psychological well-being in Mexican-American Catholics. Journal of Professional Counseling: Practice, Theory, & Research, 35(2), 46-61.
Raquepaw,J. M., & Miller, R. S.(1989). Psychotherapist burnout: A componential analysis. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 20(1), 32-36.
Ray, D. C., Armstrong, S. A., Warren, E. S., & Balkin, R. S. (2005). Play therapy practices among elementary school counselors. Professional School Counselung, 8(4), 360-365.
Rothaupt, J. W., & Morgan, M. M.(2007). Counselors' and counselor educators' practice of mindfulness: A qualitative inquiry. Counseling & Values, 52(1), 40-54.
Rupert, P. A., & Morgan, D. J. (2005). Work setting and burn out among professional psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36, 544–550.
Schro¨der, T. A., & Davis, J. D. (2004). Therapists’ experience of difficulty in practice. Psychotherapy Research, 14(3), 328-345.
Shaw, R.(2004). The embodied psychotherapist: An exploration of the therapists’ somatic phenomena within the therapeutic encounter. Psychotherapy Research ,14(3), 271–288.
Shaffer, D.R. (1999). Developmental psychology. 林翠湄、黃俊豪譯(2002):發展心理學。台北:學富。
Sills, M., & Lown, J. (2008). The field of subliminal mind and the nature of being. European Journal of Psychotherapy, Counselling & Health, 10(1), 71-80.
Shafranske, E. P. (2009). Spiritually oriented psychodynamic psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session, 65(2), 147-157.
Shechtman, Z.(2002). Child group psychotherapy in the school at the threshold of a new millennium. Journal of Counseling and Development, 80(3), 293-299.
Skovholt,T. (2001). The Resilient Practitioner. 劉小菁譯(2003):助人工作者自助手冊—活力充沛的秘訣。台北:張老師。
Smith, A., Kleijn,W., & Hutschemaekers, G.(2007). Therapist reactions in self-experienced difficult situations: An exploration. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 7(1), 34-41.
Solish, A., & Perry, A. (2008). Parents involvement in their children's behavioral intervention programs: Parent and therapist perspectives. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2(4), 728-738.
Suveg, C., Roblek, T., Robin, J., Krain, A., Aschenbrand, S., & Ginsburg, G. (2006). Parental involvement when conducting cognitive-behavioral therapy for children with anxiety disorders. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 20(3), 287-299.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research (2nd ed.). 吳芝儀、廖梅花譯(2001):質性研究入門:紮根理論研究方法。嘉義:濤石。
The’riault, A., & Gazzola, N.(2005). Feelings of inadequacy, insecurity, and incompetence among experienced therapists. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 5(1), 11-18.
The’riault, A., & Gazzola, N.( 2006). What are the sources of feelings of incompetence in experienced therapists? Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 19(4), 313–330.
Topping, K., & Flynn, B.(2004). Treating seriously emotionally disturbed adolescents: The views and working practice of school psychologists. Behavior Analyst Today, 5(1), 39-90.
Turner, K. (2009). Mindfulness: The present moment in clinical social work. Clinical Social Work Journal, 37(2), 95-103.
Valente, S. M. (1994). Psychotherapist reactions to the suicide of a patient. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64(4), 615-622.
Vera, E. M., & Shin, R. Q.(2006). Promoting strengths in a social toxic world: Supporting resiliency with systematic intervention. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(1), 80-89.
Waddell, M.(1998). Inside lives: Psychoanalysis and the growth of the personality. 林晴玉、呂煦宗譯(2008):內在生命:精神分析與人格發展。台北:五南。
Walker , D.F., Gorsuch, R.L., & Tan,S.Y.(2004). Therapists’ integration of religion and spirituality in counseiing: A meta-analysis. Counseling and Values , 49, 69-80.
West, W. (2000). Psychotherapy & spirituality. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
White, F. E. (2003).The lived experience of psychospiritual integration: A qualitative study with exemplary psychotherapists who actively integrate spirituality into their practice of psychotherapy. Proceedings (Academy of Religion & Psychical Research ), 88-98.
Winnicott, D. W. (1984). Therapeutic consultations in child psychiatry. 廖婉如譯(2007):塗鴉與夢境。台北:心靈工坊。
Yalom, I. (1980). Existential psychotherapy. 易之新譯(2003):存在心理治療。台北:張老師文化。
Yalom, I. (2002). The gift of therapy- an open letter to a new generation of therapists and their patients. 易之新譯(2002):生命的禮物-給心理治療師的85則備忘錄。台北:心靈工坊。
Young-Eisendrath, P.(1999). Women and desire: Beyond wanting to be wanted. 傅馨芳譯(2001):快樂女人從自主開始。台北:方智。
Youngson, S.C. (1993). Ritual abuse: consequences for professionals. Child Abuse Review, 2(4), 251-262.