影響嬰兒生長之相關因素有許多，除了先天遺傳基因及其出生體型，出生後良好的營養素攝取也佔極大的影響力。本研究採前瞻性世代追蹤設計，以電訪及郵寄問卷方式追蹤嬰兒出生至一歲間生長情況，探討影響成長之相關因素，如父母體型、餵食方式與營養素攝取、家庭背景環境等。受試者分別是於民國91年及93年間於台北市立婦幼醫院及台大醫院進行招募。研究之初共有280名新生兒參與，自第2個月開始共有261名嬰兒被持續追蹤至滿週歲；依照出生體重25及75百分位將嬰兒分成相對低出生體重嬰兒(relative low birth- weight infants, rLBW)95人、相對適當出生體重嬰兒(relative adequate- birth weight infants, rABW)74人、相對高出生體重嬰兒(relative high birth-weight infants, rHBW)92人。所有統計分析方式皆以SPSS12.0及STATA8.0進行。
結果發現三組嬰兒出生體重分別為2753.5±144.0公克、3185.1±204. 7公克及3771.2±241.1公克，滿一歲時體重仍維持顯著差異8991.0±975.6公克、9808.6±1050.4公克、10378.3±1030.8公克，但比較體型增加倍數與體重增加百分比(Infant weight gain percentage, IWG%)後發現rLBW嬰兒生長速度較其他兩組快速，體重倍數分別是3.3、3.1、2.8倍，而體重增加百分比為227%、206%及176%。在哺餵方式上，嬰兒2個月時有29.6%嬰兒主要採取母乳哺餵、混合哺餵者為10.4%、配方奶者為60%；所有嬰兒平均開始添加副食品月齡為第5.2個月，最常被使用的副食品為水果/果汁、嬰兒米粉、稀飯及餅乾等，平均開始使用固體食物為正餐時間為第7.8個月，嬰兒滿一歲時僅有24.2%一天使用三次以上固體食物為正餐，有8.0%尚未使用固體食物為正餐，顯示出多數一歲嬰兒(75.8%)仍以奶類為主要熱量來源。營養素攝取部份，第2個月熱量攝取為548大卡，一歲時上升至835大卡，隨月齡增加醣類百分比及蛋白質百分比漸增加，分別由46.0%與9.4%上升至57.0%與13.0%，而脂肪百分比逐漸降低，自45.3%下降至30.1%；不同出生體重嬰兒中以rHBW嬰兒熱量攝取較高，rLBW嬰兒較低，但比較各項營養素攝取後發現整體來說rABW嬰兒營養素攝取情況較佳，皆達DRIs建議標準量；副食品攝取熱量也隨年齡增加，6個月平均107.3大卡，一歲時為370大卡。
在此一年中嬰兒平均生病次數為4.07次，最常發生的疾病為上呼吸道感染，平均3.21次，一次6.64天，不同出生體重嬰兒在健康狀況方面並無差異。嬰兒在此一年間體重及身長與母親的身高及未懷孕前體重皆呈顯著正相關(p<0.05)，與父親體型亦呈正相關，但達顯著值較少，顯示出母親體型對嬰兒影響較大；以淨相關分析發現副食品中攝取營養素較整日飲食攝取對嬰兒一歲體型影響力來得大；不同哺餵方式嬰兒在6個月後體型出現顯著差異(p<0.05)，顯示出不同哺餵方式對嬰兒生長速度有所影響。再以多元迴歸方式分析與嬰兒一歲體型相關因素，嬰兒一歲體重及體重增加百分比與出生體重、性別、哺餵方式有顯著相關(p<0.05)，一歲身長與出生身長、性別、父母親身高有顯著相關(p<0.05)，一歲時體重z分數改變量與出生體重及哺餵方式有顯著相關(p<0.05)，由多元迴歸結果顯示出生時體型、性別、哺餵方式等非飲食因子對嬰兒一歲時體型預測力較強，尤其出生體重對一歲體重預測力為15.5%，出生身長對一歲身長預測力為12.6%。

一、 中文部分

行政院衛生署(民95)。母乳哺餵現況。國民健康局母乳哺餵網站。摘自http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/breastfeeding/index02.htm
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行政院衛生署(民91)。嬰兒期營養。行政院衛生署網站。摘自
http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/SEARCH_MAIN.aspx?keyword=%u5b30%u5152%u98f2%u98df
行政院衛生署(民92)。國人膳食營養素參考攝取量及其說明(修訂第六版)。
行政院衛生署(民94)。兒童健康手冊。
李寧遠、蔣見美、許瑞雲(民71)。台灣地區營養及衛生問題之探討。中華民國營養學會雜誌，7，29-45
沈敬人(民90)。台灣地區幼兒營養素攝取狀況。輔仁大學食品營養研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北縣。
周弘傑(民93)。解讀嬰兒配方奶粉。健康世界，219，11-13
林家蓉、曾明淑、詹思萍(民86)。台灣地區一至六歲幼兒營養狀況調查。中華民國營養學會雜誌，22，47-61。
林家慧(民95)。台北地區零至兩歲嬰幼兒飲食營養狀況與生長發育之前瞻性研究。國立台灣師範大學人類發展與家庭研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
范光宇、黃春雄、吳穗華、許子秋、沈鄭秋桔、黃梅(民73)。中華民國台灣地區零至陸歲兒童身高、體重、頭圍、胸圍測量研究報告。中華民國營養學會雜誌，9，1-18。
郭曉惠(民95)。國人捐贈乳中一般成份及礦物質含量之建立與研究。輔仁大學食品營養研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
曾明淑、吳愛芸、李秀紋(民75)。台灣偏遠地區嬰幼兒身高、體重及餵養現況之調查研究。中華民國營養學會雜誌，11，1-16。
曾筱晴(民87)。二十四小時飲食回憶法評估幼兒飲食攝取之效度研究。輔仁大學食品營養研究所碩士論文，台北縣。
黃伯超(民68)。食品營養學講座。台北市:健康文化
黃伯超(民79)。營養學精要。台北市:健康文化
黃亮瓅(民96)。台北地區零至三歲嬰幼兒飲食營養狀況與生長發育之前瞻性研究。國立台灣師範大學人類發展與家庭研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
黃翠華(民77)。不同嬰兒配方乳粉對嬰兒生長與代謝之影響。輔仁大學食品營養研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北縣。
葛魯蘋(民73)。台北市古亭區母親哺餵行為之調查與其影響因素之探討。國防醫學院社會學醫學研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
陳正宇(民75)。餵奶方式與母親有無工作對6個月大嬰兒健康與照顧之比較研究。國防醫學院公共衛生研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
陳建仁(民88)。流行病學:原理與方法。台北市:聯經出版社
陳姮霏(民92)。懷孕婦女飲食狀況對新生兒體型影響之前瞻性研究。國立台灣師範大學人類發展與家庭研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
陳正宇(民75)。餵奶方式與母親有無工作對6個月大嬰兒健康與照顧之比較研究。國防醫學院公共衛生研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
羅巧珍(民92)。懷孕到產後飲食營養與體重變化之前瞻性研究。國立台灣師範大學人類發展與家庭研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
蘇秋帆(民93)。零至一歲嬰兒飲食營養與生長發展狀況之前瞻性研究。國立台灣師範大學人類發展與家庭研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
蘇郁芬(民97)。估計國內母乳攝取量及零到六個月嬰兒營養狀態與生長發育之研究。國立台灣師範大學人類發展與家庭研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
蘇建文、鍾志從(民74)。母親養育嬰兒方式之調查研究。教育心理學報，18，117-148。
蘇建文、鍾志從(民73)。出生至一歲嬰兒動作發展的縱貫研究。教育心理學報，17，73-98。
蘇建文、鍾志從(民73)。我國嬰兒動作發展之研究。教育心理學報，25，81-96。
蘇遂龍(民80)。台比市立婦幼綜合醫院哺餵母乳衛生教育介入效果之先趨研究。國防醫學院公共衛生研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。

二、 英文部分
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