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研究生: 許志鵬
Hsu, Chih-Peng
論文名稱: 大陸東南及越南南部海域基盤火成岩氬-氬定年及地球化學研究
40Ar/39Ar Dating and Geochemical Analysis of Basement Igneous Rocks in Offshore Southeastern China and Southern Vietnam
指導教授: 李通藝
Lee, Tung-Yi
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 地球科學系
Department of Earth Sciences
畢業學年度: 87
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 101
中文關鍵詞: 南海燕山期氬-氬定年地球化學火成岩
英文關鍵詞: South China Sea, Yanshanian, 40Ar/39Ar dating, geochemistry, Igneous Rocks
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 從中國大陸東南到中南半島上,中生代的火成岩廣泛出露,研究工作頗多,而海域部分則由於採樣的困難,一直很少有相關研究的報導。本研究利用採自大陸東南及越南南部海域井下花岡岩類基盤岩心,進行氬-氬定年及地球化學分析工作。越南南部海域標本來自湄公盆地的白虎( White Tiger) 油田和南昆山( South Conson)盆地兩處。大陸東南海域標本則來自珠江口和鶯歌海等盆地。
    氬-氬定年用階段加熱法或雷射探針法進行定年工作;地球化學分析包括主要元素分析和微量元素分析,以及鍶釹同位素分析,共分析了十五個標本。主要元素是以X光螢光分析儀( XRF )分析,微量元素則以感應耦合電漿質譜儀( ICP-MS ),或中子活化法( INAA )加上X光螢光分析儀( XRF )進行分析工作。
    定年結果方面,除了在昆山高區南方的南昆山盆地SC1鉀長石年代在 124Ma外,各標本雲母或角閃石年代,都在113 ~ 81 Ma,顯示這些花岡岩類基盤,同屬於白堊紀燕山晚期的岩漿產物。SC1的年代可能指示南昆山盆地具有較早的火成活動。整體而言岩漿活動的年代分佈,約呈東北-西南走向年代較一致。
    在地球化學分析方面,SiO2含量除WT1 82.57Wt.%與HF28-2-1 60.41Wt.%較為特殊,其餘均集中分佈在65及74Wt.%二區間,岩性則包括有英雲閃長岩、花岡閃長岩及花岡岩。所有標本在稀土元素分佈型態有輕稀土族元素富集現象,多數標本輕微或無Eu負異常現象;不相容元素蛛網圖,呈現Nb、P及Ti虧損的分佈特徵。
    根據Nb vs. Y和Rb vs. Y+Nb花岡岩構造環境鑑別圖作圖( Pearce et al., 1984 ),可見所有的樣本都落在VAG ( 火山島弧花岡岩 ) 區內;由元素對ORG (中洋脊型花岡岩,Pearce et al., 1984 ) 標準化分佈圖,元素分佈形態皆為向右下傾的趨勢,都是K2O、Rb、Ba及Th較富集,Ta及Nb較接近ORG值,Hf、Zr、Sm、Y及Yb較為虧損,除EP18-1-1和YQ2有類似同碰撞型花岡岩分佈型態,其餘大多Ba沒有負異常,為島弧型花岡岩分佈型態。表示其岩漿形成時,從越南到大陸東南海域都處在相同的構造環境中。
    由華南及南海邊緣花岡岩體同位素eNd(T)等值線分佈圖,可見本研究的海域標本,代表新的地函物質加入的訊息分佈,與東南沿海花岡岩侵入年代分佈有相同情形,呈東北-西南--分佈較一致性。在廣東西南及其沿海,由其-10等值線的分佈,顯示可能有一較低eNd(T)值的地塊存在。
    由侵入年代的同期性,及新的地函物質加入的訊息eNd(T)值分佈,都沿海岸線的東北-西南構造方向分佈,和相似的島弧地化特徵,說明從大陸東南珠江口盆地、鶯歌海盆地到越南南方湄公盆地,在中生代晚期是位於相連接的大陸邊緣上。而由地化及同位素性質的相對比,此大陸邊緣可能連接至今日台灣島附近,此點結論與越南南部海域昆山高區恰與大陸東南邊緣重力異常高區相接合,所得推論完全一致。

    目 錄 誌 謝 I 摘 要 II 目 錄 IV 表 目 VI 圖 目 VII 第一章 緒論 1 1-1研究動機與目的 1 1-2前人研究 2 1-2.1 大陸東南沿海花岡岩研究 2 1-2.2 南海周圍區域的古第三紀火成活動 2 1-2.3 中南半島區域地體的演化 3 1-2.4 南海的張裂 4 1-3標本採集與地質介紹 5 第二章 研究方法及原理 12 2-1 氬-氬定年標本的先前準備 12 2-2 氬-氬同位素定年法的基本原理 12 2-3 氬-氬同位素定年實驗 18 2-4 全岩地球化學分析 21 2-5 鍶-釹同位素分析 23 第三章 實驗與分析結果 25 3-1氬-氬定年結果 25 3-2全岩地球化學分析結果 45 3-2.1 主要元素分析結果 45 3-2.2 微量元素分析結果 50 第四章 討論 56 4-1 岩漿活動的時間與空間關係 56 4-2 冷卻速率的比較 58 4-3 花岡岩類的成因 60 4-4 與燕山晚期大陸東南沿海花岡岩比較 65 4-5 地體構造史的隱示 71 第五章 結論 76 參考文獻 79 附錄 86 附圖 95

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